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Imsharria
''Imsharria'' is a fungal genus in the family Lecideaceae. It comprises the single species ''Imsharria orangei'', a rare saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen. Endemic to the Falkland Islands, the lichen can be recognised by its sunken brown apothecia (fruiting bodies) and grey thallus with its distinctive paler margin. It is usually found on or near mountain summits, particularly in areas of broken rock (stone runs) and sparsely vegetated rocky ground (feldmark). Taxonomy ''Imsharria'' is a monospecific genus of crustose lichen in the family Lecideaceae. The genus was circumscribed in 2024 by Alan M. Fryday and Ulrike Ruprecht, with ''I. orangei'' designated as the type species. The genus was named to commemorate the lichenologists Henry Imshaug and Richard Harris, who conducted extensive lichen collecting work in the Falkland Islands during the austral summer of 1968–1969. The species epithet honours the British lichenologist Alan Orange, who also visited the isl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henry Imshaug
Henry Andrew Imshaug (1925–2010) was an American lichenologist notable for work on the genus ''Buellia'' and his "enormous and important collections from the Rocky Mountains, Great Lakes region, West Indies and subantarctic islands, together with his studies of those collections".Henry Andrew Imshaug—1925–2010: A tribute, Irwin M. Brodo, The Bryologist 114(2):401–407. 2011/ref> He is also known for mentoring numerous notable lichenologists and Bryophyte, bryologists. He was a professor at Michigan State University. Imshaug is honoured in the lichen genus names ''Imshaugia'' and ''Imsharria''. Imshaug participated in the 1972–1973 Auckland Islands Expedition where he studied lichens on the Auckland Islands The Auckland Islands ( Māori: ''Motu Maha'' "Many islands" or ''Maungahuka'' "Snowy mountains") are an archipelago of New Zealand, lying south of the South Island. The main Auckland Island, occupying , is surrounded by smaller Adams Island .... See also * : ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lecideaceae
The Lecideaceae are a family (biology), family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Lecideales. It contains about 30 genus, genera and roughly 250 species. A major distinguishing characteristic of the family is the form of the ascomata, fruiting bodies: typically circular, dark, and without a . Most species in the family are lichenised with green algae, although a few species, scattered amongst several genera, are lichenicolous fungus, lichenicolous—they live on other lichens. Lecideaceae lichens tend to grow saxicolous lichen, on rocks, lignicolous lichen, wood, and terricolous lichen, soil. Several Lecideaceae species accelerate the weathering of rock surfaces, a process known as pedogenesis, by extending their hyphae into cracks and expelling rock flakes. This contributes to significantly faster weathering rates in certain environments, impacts various materials from natural rocks to man-made Sekishu roof tiles, and involves key biomolecules identified for survival and bio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alan Orange
Alan Orange (19 June 1955 – 5 February 2023) was a British lichenologist. His research interests included lichen taxonomy and phylogenetics, aquatic lichens, and the family Verrucariaceae. Early life and education Alan Orange was born in Leeds on 19 June 1955, and shortly after, his family relocated to Longhope in the Forest of Dean. This environment fostered his passion for botanical exploration, often accompanied by cousins and the family dogs. His penchant for collecting and classifying challenging organisms began in childhood, evident from his extensive bramble collection. Additionally, he showcased a natural talent for art, crafting intricate botanical illustrations throughout his life. Pursuing his passion academically, he completed his undergraduate studies at Bristol University, followed by a master's degree in pure and applied plant taxonomy at Reading University, earning it with distinction. Career and contributions In the early 1980s, Orange worked as a field ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holotype
A holotype (Latin: ''holotypus'') is a single physical example (or illustration) of an organism used when the species (or lower-ranked taxon) was formally described. It is either the single such physical example (or illustration) or one of several examples, but explicitly designated as the holotype. Under the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN), a holotype is one of several kinds of name-bearing types. In the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN) and ICZN, the definitions of types are similar in intent but not identical in terminology or underlying concept. For example, the holotype for the butterfly '' Plebejus idas longinus'' is a preserved specimen of that subspecies, held by the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University. In botany and mycology, an isotype is a duplicate of the holotype, generally pieces from the same individual plant or samples from the same genetic individual. A holotype is not necessarily "ty ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Schizodiscus
''Schizodiscus'' is a genus of lichenized fungi within the Lecideaceae family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species ''Schizodiscus afroalpinus''. References External links *Schizodiscus' at Index Fungorum ''Index Fungorum'' is an international project to index all formal names (scientific names) in the fungus kingdom. As of 2015, the project is based at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, one of three partners along with Landcare Research and th ... Lichen genera Lecideales genera Taxa described in 1998 Taxa named by Franklin Andrej Brusse {{Lecanoromycetes-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Porpidia
''Porpidia'' is a genus of crustose lichens in the family Lecideaceae. ''Porpidia'' species primarily inhabit siliceous rocks, pebbles, and stonework, with rare occurrences on bark, wood, and compacted soil. The thallus, or body of the lichen, varies in appearance from thick and crusty to barely visible. It may form a continuous layer or develop cracks resulting in a segmented, structure. The colour of the thallus ranges from grey and white to orange. Taxonomy ''Porpidia'' was circumscribed by the German lichenologist Gustav Wilhelm Körber in 1855, with '' Porpidia trullisata'' designated as the type species. Description Genus ''Porpidia'' consists of crustose lichens, meaning the thallus (the main body of the lichen) is closely attached to the surface it grows on. The thallus can vary in appearance, from thick and scaly to almost invisible, and may be solid or cracked into small pieces called . Its colour typically ranges from grey to white, though some species may show ora ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyaline
A hyaline substance is one with a glassy appearance. The word is derived from , and . Histopathology Hyaline cartilage is named after its glassy appearance on fresh gross pathology. On light microscopy of H&E stained slides, the extracellular matrix of hyaline cartilage looks homogeneously pink, and the term "hyaline" is used to describe similarly homogeneously pink material besides the cartilage. Hyaline material is usually acellular and proteinaceous. For example, arterial hyaline is seen in aging, high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus and in association with some drugs (e.g. calcineurin inhibitors). It is bright pink with PAS staining. Ichthyology and entomology In ichthyology and entomology Entomology (from Ancient Greek ἔντομον (''éntomon''), meaning "insect", and -logy from λόγος (''lógos''), meaning "study") is the branch of zoology that focuses on insects. Those who study entomology are known as entomologists. In ..., ''hyaline'' denotes a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phylogenetic
In biology, phylogenetics () is the study of the evolutionary history of life using observable characteristics of organisms (or genes), which is known as phylogenetic inference. It infers the relationship among organisms based on empirical data and observed heritable traits of DNA sequences, protein amino acid sequences, and morphology. The results are a phylogenetic tree—a diagram depicting the hypothetical relationships among the organisms, reflecting their inferred evolutionary history. The tips of a phylogenetic tree represent the observed entities, which can be living taxa or fossils. A phylogenetic diagram can be rooted or unrooted. A rooted tree diagram indicates the hypothetical common ancestor of the taxa represented on the tree. An unrooted tree diagram (a network) makes no assumption about directionality of character state transformation, and does not show the origin or "root" of the taxa in question. In addition to their use for inferring phylogenetic pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Molecular Marker
In molecular biology and other fields, a molecular marker is a molecule, sampled from some source, that gives information about its source. For example, DNA is a molecular marker that gives information about the organism from which it was taken. For another example, some proteins can be molecular markers of Alzheimer's disease in a person from which they are taken. Molecular markers may be non-biological. Non-biological markers are often used in environmental studies. Genetic markers In genetics, a molecular marker (identified as genetic marker) is a fragment of DNA that is associated with a certain location within the genome A genome is all the genetic information of an organism. It consists of nucleotide sequences of DNA (or RNA in RNA viruses). The nuclear genome includes protein-coding genes and non-coding genes, other functional regions of the genome such as .... Molecular markers are used in molecular biology and biotechnology to identify a particular sequence ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sequence Homology
Sequence homology is the homology (biology), biological homology between DNA sequence, DNA, RNA sequence, RNA, or Protein primary structure, protein sequences, defined in terms of shared ancestry in the evolutionary history of life. Two segments of DNA can have shared ancestry because of three phenomena: either a speciation event (orthologs), or a Gene duplication, duplication event (paralogs), or else a Horizontal gene transfer, horizontal (or lateral) gene transfer event (xenologs). Homology among DNA, RNA, or proteins is typically inferred from their nucleotide or amino acid sequence similarity. Significant similarity is strong evidence that two sequences are related by evolutionary changes from a common ancestral sequence. Sequence alignment, Alignments of multiple sequences are used to indicate which regions of each sequence are homologous. Identity, similarity, and conservation The term "percent homology" is often used to mean "sequence similarity”, that is the percen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Molecular Phylogenetics
Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to determine the processes by which diversity among species has been achieved. The result of a molecular phylogenetics, phylogenetic analysis is expressed in a phylogenetic tree. Molecular phylogenetics is one aspect of molecular systematics, a broader term that also includes the use of molecular data in Taxonomy (biology), taxonomy and biogeography. Molecular phylogenetics and molecular evolution correlate. Molecular evolution is the process of selective changes (mutations) at a molecular level (genes, proteins, etc.) throughout various branches in the tree of life (evolution). Molecular phylogenetics makes inferences of the evolutionary relationships that arise due to molecular evolution and results in the construction of a phylogenetic tre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lineage (evolution)
An evolutionary lineage is a temporal series of populations, organisms, cells, or genes connected by a continuous line of descent from ancestor to descendant. Lineages are subsets of the evolutionary tree of life. Lineages are often determined by the techniques of molecular systematics. Phylogenetic representation of lineages upright=1.4, A rooted tree of life into three ancient monophyletic lineages: archaea.html" ;"title="bacteria, archaea">bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes based on rRNA genes Lineages are typically visualized as subsets of a phylogenetic tree. A lineage is a single line of descent or linear chain within the tree, while a clade is a (usually branched) monophyletic group, containing a single ancestor and all its descendants. Phylogenetic trees are typically created from DNA, RNA or protein sequence data. Apart from this, morphological differences and similarities have been, and still are used to create phylogenetic trees. Sequences from different individua ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
