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Impulsoria
The ''Impulsoria'' was a locomotive constructed in 1850 that was powered via a gearbox by two to four horses on a treadmill following a design by Clemente Masserano. It undertook trials in London in 1850 and was exhibited at The Great Exhibition in 1851. Description The invention of a successful mobile treadmill powered locomotive was made by Clemente Masserano from Pignerol in Italy. The idea was not new, but previous attempts in England, France, and Spain were unsuccessful. Using Masserano's designs, Impulsoria was built in Italy and transported to England. A syndicate was formed and it was trialled at the Nine Elms terminus of the South Western Railway line in London where it successfully completed a hill climb. The trials were supported by the directors of the South Western Railway and assisted by their Chief Engineer John Gooch. The device was said to be much cheaper to run than a steam locomotive. The device allowed a steam locomotive to be replaced by this vehicle, w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andrea Crestadoro
Dr. Andrea Crestadoro (1808–1879) was a bibliographer who became Chief Librarian of Manchester Free Library, 1864–1879. He is credited with being the first person to propose that books could be catalogued by using keywords that did not occur in the title of the book. His ideas also included a metallic balloon, reform of the tax system, and improvements to a railway locomotive – the '' Impulsoria'' – that was powered by four horses on a treadmill. Biography Andrea Crestadoro was born in Genoa in 1808 and was educated there before he studied for his doctorate in philosophy at the University of Turin. He came to notice in 1849 when he left his position as Professor of Philosophy at the University of Turin to come to England to further his interest in mechanical devices. In England he took out a number of patents including improvements to the ''Impulsoria''. Crestadoro improved the design of an unusual device called the '' Impulsoria'', which was a mobile treadmill-powered ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flying Dutchman (horse-powered Locomotive)
The ''Flying Dutchman'' was an American horse-powered locomotive operated by the South Carolina Canal and Railroad Company. It was built in New York by engineer Christian Edward Detmold and won an 1830 locomotive competition. Driven by a horse on a treadmill, it could carry 12 passengers at a speed of around . The South Carolina Canal and Railroad Company operated the ''Flying Dutchman'' on a stretch of track from early 1830. It was replaced by a steam-powered locomotive, the '' Best Friend of Charleston'', by the end of the year. History The recently founded South Carolina Canal and Railroad Company ran a competition for horse-powered locomotives in 1829. A$500 prize was offered for the best machine to be demonstrated. The ''Flying Dutchman'' was a locomotive designed and built in New York in 1829 by the engineer Christian Edward Detmold. It had a bench along either side that faced outwards, while the driving force was provided by a horse running on a treadmill in the cent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cycloped
''Cycloped'' was an early horse-powered locomotive, built by Thomas Shaw Brandreth of Liverpool, which competed unsuccessfully in the Rainhill trials of October 1829. The Rainhill trials The ''Cycloped'' was the only entry in the trials that did not rely on steam power, instead utilising a treadmill that was kept continually moving by a horse mounted on top. Brandreth was one of the directors of the railway and some people believed that that gave the ''Cycloped'' an unfair advantage. But the ''Cycloped'' was a primitive idea and because of its failure to generate enough speed to equal its competitors—Burstall's ''Perseverance'', Braithwaite's ''Novelty'', Hackworth's '' Sans Pareil'' and Stephenson's ''Rocket''—the ''Cycloped'' ultimately lost the competition in the trials."The Rainhill Locomotive Trials of 1829" by C F Dendy Marshall, published in the Transactions of the Newcomen Society, 1929 Vol 9. Stephenson's ''Rocket'' eventually won the trials, maint ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clemente Masserano
Clemente is both an Italian, Spanish and Portuguese surname and a given name. Notable people with the surname include: Surname * Aldo Di Clemente (born 1948), Italian amateur astronomer * Anna Clemente (born 1994), Italian racewalker * Ari Clemente (born 1939), Brazilian footballer * Aria Clemente (born 1995), Filipina actress and singer * Art Clemente (born 1925), American politician * C. Daniel Clemente (born 1936), American attorney and businessman * Christofer Clemente, Australian scientist * Denis Clemente (born 1986), Puerto Rican basketball player * Edgard Clemente (born 1975), Puerto Rican baseball player, nephew of Roberto Clemente * Fernando Clemente (1917–1998), Italian architect * Francesco Clemente (born 1952), Italian painter * Gerardo Clemente (born 1982), Swiss football player * Jacob Clemente (born 1997), American actor and dancer * Javier Clemente (born 1950), Spanish football manager * Jim Clemente, American author and television writer and producer * John Cleme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2-2-0 Locomotives
The hyphen-minus is the most commonly used type of hyphen, widely used in digital documents. It is the only character that looks like a minus sign or a dash in many character sets such as ASCII or on most keyboards, so it is also used as such. The name "hyphen-minus" derives from the original ASCII standard, where it was called "hyphen(minus)". The character is referred to as a "hyphen", a "minus sign", or a "dash" according to the context where it is being used. Description In early monospaced font typewriters and character encodings, a single key/code was almost always used for hyphen, minus, various dashes, and strikethrough, since they all have a roughly similar appearance. The current Unicode Standard specifies distinct characters for a number of different dashes, an unambiguous minus sign ("Unicode minus") at code point U+2212, and various types of hyphen including the unambiguous "Unicode hyphen" at U+2010 and the hyphen-minus at U+002D. When a hyphen is called ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Individual Locomotives Of Great Britain
An individual is that which exists as a distinct entity. Individuality (or self-hood) is the state or quality of being an individual; particularly (in the case of humans) of being a person unique from other people and possessing one's own needs or goals, rights and responsibilities. The concept of an individual features in diverse fields, including biology, law, and philosophy. Etymology From the 15th century and earlier (and also today within the fields of statistics and metaphysics) ''individual'' meant " indivisible", typically describing any numerically singular thing, but sometimes meaning "a person". From the 17th century on, ''individual'' has indicated separateness, as in individualism. Law Although individuality and individualism are commonly considered to mature with age/time and experience/wealth, a sane adult human being is usually considered by the state as an "individual person" in law, even if the person denies individual culpability ("I followed instr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Crystal Palace
The Crystal Palace was a cast iron and plate glass structure, originally built in Hyde Park, London, to house the Great Exhibition of 1851. The exhibition took place from 1 May to 15 October 1851, and more than 14,000 exhibitors from around the world gathered in its exhibition space to display examples of technology developed in the Industrial Revolution. Designed by Joseph Paxton, the Great Exhibition building was long, with an interior height of , and was three times the size of St Paul's Cathedral. The introduction of the sheet glass method into Britain by Chance Brothers in 1832 made possible the production of large sheets of cheap but strong glass, and its use in the Crystal Palace created a structure with the greatest area of glass ever seen in a building. It astonished visitors with its clear walls and ceilings that did not require interior lights. It has been suggested that the name of the building resulted from a piece penned by the playwright Douglas Jerrold, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eight-hour Day
The eight-hour day movement (also known as the 40-hour week movement or the short-time movement) was a social movement to regulate the length of a working day, preventing excesses and abuses. An eight-hour work day has its origins in the 16th century Spain, but the modern movement dates back to the Industrial Revolution in Britain, where industrial production in large factories transformed working life. At that time, the working day could range from 10 to 16 hours, the work week was typically six days a week and the use of child labour was common. The first country that introduced the 8-hour work day by law for factory and fortification workers was Spain in 1593. In contemporary era, it was established for all professions by the Soviet Union in 1917. History Sixteenth century In 1594, Philip II of Spain established an eight-hour work day by a royal edict known as '' Ordenanzas de Felipe II'', or Ordinances of Philip II. This established: An exception was applied to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
London And South Western Railway
The London and South Western Railway (LSWR, sometimes written L&SWR) was a railway company in England from 1838 to 1922. Originating as the London and Southampton Railway, its network extended to Dorchester and Weymouth, to Salisbury, Exeter and Plymouth, and to Padstow, Ilfracombe and Bude. It developed a network of routes in Hampshire, Surrey and Berkshire, including Portsmouth and Reading. The LSWR became famous for its express passenger trains to Bournemouth and Weymouth, and to Devon and Cornwall. Nearer London it developed a dense suburban network and was pioneering in the introduction of a widespread suburban electrified passenger network. It was the prime mover of the development of Southampton Docks, which became an important ocean terminal as well as a harbour for cross channel services and for Isle of Wight ferries. Although the LSWR's area of influence was not the home of large-scale heavy industry, the transport goods and mineral traffic was a major activity ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
B268828 Masseranos-Patent-Impulsoria
B, or b, is the second letter of the Latin-script alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is ''bee'' (pronounced ), plural ''bees''. It represents the voiced bilabial stop in many languages, including English. In some other languages, it is used to represent other bilabial consonants. History Old English was originally written in runes, whose equivalent letter was beorc , meaning "birch". Beorc dates to at least the 2nd-century Elder Futhark, which is now thought to have derived from the Old Italic alphabets' either directly or via Latin . The uncial and half-uncial introduced by the Gregorian and Irish missions gradually developed into the Insular scripts' . These Old English Latin alphabets supplanted the earlier runes, whose use was fully banned under King Canute in the early 11th century. The Norman Conquest popularised the Carolingian half-uncial forms which la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Viret Gooch
John Viret Gooch FRSA (29 June 1812 – 8 June 1900) was the locomotive superintendent of the London and South Western Railway from 1841 to 1850. Born at Bedlington, Northumberland, John Viret Gooch (brother of Daniel Gooch) was the son of John and Anna (born Longridge). Career Grand Junction Railway He became the pupil of Joseph Locke during the construction of the Grand Junction Railway and he became the resident engineer after that line opened. Manchester and Leeds Railway In 1840 he joined his older brother Thomas Longridge Gooch on the Manchester and Leeds Railway. London and South Western Railway Gooch was recommended to the LSWR by Locke and appointed locomotive superintendent on 1 January 1841. Officially Locke remained in charge of the department. ;LSWR locomotives Initially locomotives were purchased from a wide range of private manufacturers such as Edward Bury and Company and Nasmyth, Gaskell and Company. From Jan 1843 the LSWR's own Nine Elms Locomotive Works ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
