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Immigrant Surveillance
Immigrant surveillance refers to the practice of tracking both illegal and legal immigrants through several methods, some of which include electronic verification, border surveillance, or federal raids. Historically, countries such as the United States have required that immigrants carry evidence of citizenship. Controversies within immigrant surveillance in the United States involve the alleged racial profiling committed by police departments and negligence found in detention centers.Villalobos, José. 2011. Promises and Human Rights: The Obama Administration on Immigrant Detention Policy Reform. ''Race, Gender & Class,'' ''18''(1/2), 151-170. Laws concerning surveillance and immigration vary by country but terrorist attacks have made the issue more prevalent. History The United States 1700s–1900s Immigrant surveillance has been a prevalent issue throughout United States history. Historians argue that policies involving immigration surveillance are a product of nativism ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Border Checkpoint
A border checkpoint is a location on an international border where travelers or goods are inspected and allowed (or denied) passage through. Authorization often is required to enter a country through its borders. Access-controlled borders often have a limited number of checkpoints where they can be crossed without legal sanctions. Arrangements or treaties may be formed to allow or mandate less restrained crossings (e.g. the Schengen Agreement). Land border checkpoints (land ports of entry) can be contrasted with the customs and immigration facilities at seaports, international airports, and other ports of entry. Checkpoints generally serve two purposes: * To prevent entrance of individuals who are either undesirable (e.g. criminals or others who pose threats) or simply unauthorized to enter. * To prevent entrance of goods that are illegal or subject to restriction, or to collect tariffs. Checkpoints are usually staffed by a uniformed service (sometimes referred to as cu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Immigration And Nationality Act Of 1952
The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 (), also known as the McCarran–Walter Act, codified under Title 8 of the United States Code (), governs immigration to and citizenship in the United States. It came into effect on June 27, 1952. Before the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952, various statutes governed immigration law but were not organized within one body of text. According to its own text, the Act is officially entitled as just the Immigration and Nationality Act, but it is frequently specified with 1952 at the end in order to differentiate it from the 1965 law. Legislative history The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 was debated and passed in the context of Cold War-era fears and suspicions of infiltrating Communist and Soviet spies and sympathizers within American institutions and federal government. Anticommunist sentiment associated with the Second Red Scare and McCarthyism in the United States led restrictionists to push for selective immigrat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Borders Of The United States
While the United States has relatively complicated maritime boundaries, it shares international land borders with only two nations: * The Canada–United States border to the north of the contiguous United States and to the east of Alaska, and * The Mexico–United States border to the south. Maritime boundaries Out in the ocean, the US borders are more complex. The Russia–United States maritime boundary was defined by an agreement made by the United States and the USSR in 1990 covering the Bering Sea, Bering Strait, and Arctic Ocean. The boundary line generally follows the 1867 Alaska Cession line, but the agreement has not entered into force. The USA ratified the USSR–USA Maritime Boundary Agreement, but the USSR failed to ratify it before dissolving, and it has not been ratified by Russia. The United States has entered maritime boundary agreements with Mexico, Cuba, Venezuela, and with the United Kingdom in the Caribbean. The maritime boundary with Canada in the Atl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
E-Verify
E-Verify is a United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS) website that allows businesses to determine the eligibility of their employees, both U.S. and foreign citizens, to work in the United States. No federal law mandates use of E-Verify. E-Verify was originally established in 1996 as the Basic Pilot Program to prevent undocumented workers and other people who have violated immigration laws from obtaining employment illegally in the United States. In August 2007, DHS started requiring all federal contractors and vendors to use E-Verify. The Internet-based program is free and maintained by the United States government. Use of E-Verify at the state level varies; some states have mandated use of E-Verify or similar programs, while others have discouraged the program. E-Verify compares information from an employee's Employment Eligibility Verification Form I-9 to data from U.S. government records. If the information matches, that employee is eligible to work in the United ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aviation And Transportation Security Act
The Aviation and Transportation Security Act (ATSA, November 19, 2001) was enacted by the 107th United States Congress in the immediate aftermath of the September 11, 2001 attacks. The Act created the Transportation Security Administration (TSA). However, with the passage of the Homeland Security Act The Homeland Security Act (HSA) of 2002, () was introduced in the aftermath of the September 11 attacks and subsequent mailings of anthrax spores. The HSA was cosponsored by 118 members of Congress. The act passed the U.S. Senate by a vote of ... in 2002, the TSA was later transferred to the Department of Homeland Security. The legislation (S. 1447) was sponsored by Democratic Senator Fritz Hollings from South Carolina and co-sponsored by 30 other senators. Prior to ATSA, passenger screening was the responsibility of airlines, with the actual duties of operating the screening checkpoint contracted-out to private firms such as Wackenhut, Globe, and ITS. Ticket counter agent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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