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Imad Al-Din Zengi
Imad al-Din Zengi (; – 14 September 1146), also romanized as Zangi, Zengui, Zenki, and Zanki, was a Turkoman atabeg of the Seljuk Empire, who ruled Mosul, Aleppo, Hama, and, later, Edessa. He was the namesake and founder of the Zengid dynasty of atabegs. Early life Zengi's father, Aq Sunqur al-Hajib, governor of Aleppo under Malik-Shah I, was beheaded by Tutush I for treason in 1094. At the time, Zengi was about 10 years old and was brought up by Kerbogha, the governor of Mosul. Zengi then served in the military of the Governors of Mosul, first under Jawali Saqawa (1106–1109), then Mawdud (1109–1113), and from 1114, under Aqsunqur al-Bursuqi. Zengi remained in Mosul until 1118, when he entered into the service of the new Seljuk ruler Mahmūd (1118–1119). Upon Sanjar's accession in 1119, Zengi remained loyal to Mahmūd, who became ruler of the Iraqi Seljuk Sultānate (1119–1131). Seljuk Governor of Iraq The region of Mesopotamia was under the control of the S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sharbush
The ''Sharbush'' or ''Harbush,'' Sarposh, Serpush (, , ) probably derived from Persian language, Persian word Serpush, which means "headdress". was a special Turkic peoples, Turkic military furred hat, worn in Central Asia and the Middle East in the Middle Ages. It appears prominently in the miniatures depicting Badr al-Din Lu'lu' (ruled 1234–1259). It was a stiff cap of the military class, with a triangular front which was sometimes addorned with a metal plaque. It was sometimes supplemented with a small ''kerchief'' which formed a small turban, named ''takhfifa''. The wearing of the ''Sharbūsh'' was one of the key graphical and sartorial elements to differentiate Turkic figures from Arab ones in medieval Middle-Eastern miniatures. The ''Sharbush'' could vary in size and shape, sometimes taking huge proportions, as in the :File:Ruler in Turkic dress (long braids, fur hat, boots, fitting coat), in the Maqamat of al-Hariri, 1237 CE, probably Baghdad.jpg, depiction of the emir in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sayf Al-Din Ghazi I
Sayf al-Din Ghazi I (, died 1149) was the Emir of Mosul from 1146 to 1149, who fought in the Second Crusade. He was the eldest son of Imad al-Din Zengi of Mosul, and the elder brother of Nur ad-Din. Regaining control In 1146 Imad al-Din Zengi was besieging the fortress of Qal'at Ja'bar when he was assassinated on September 15 by one of his servants who wanted to escape punishment. His forces were scattered, but Imad ad-Din Zengi's two sons were able to regain control and to divide informally the empire: Sayf al-Din succeeded him in Mosul and the Jazirah (northern Iraq) while Nur al-Din succeeded in Aleppo. Saif ad-Din had first to fight to secure his position in Mosul. Two years before, the Seljuk sultan Mahmud II had named his cadet son Alp-Arslan as overlord of Zengi, but the latter had neutralized him and carried with him at the siege. At Zengi's death, Alp-Arslan tried to exploit the ensuing disorder to gain the power in Mosul. Two of Zengi's advisors, the head of the di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siege Of Baalbek
The siege of Baalbek in 1139 was undertaken by Imad al-Din Zengi who laid siege to the city in August and captured it in October.Stevenson, W. B..The Crusaders in the East: A Brief History of the Wars of Islam with the Latins in Syria During the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries.�United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, 2012. In 1139 Imad al-Din Zengi marched south of Aleppo to Baalbek which he laid siege to on 28 August with a large army and fourteen siege engines.Runciman, StevenA History of the Crusades. Vol. 3.CUP Archive, 1987. The town was captured on 9 or 10 October and the citadel surrendered on 12 or 21 October after Zengi swore to spare the lives of the garrison. Zengi broke his oath and they were all brutally massacred, the governor was flayed and most of the others were hanged. The massacre was intended to terrify the Damascenes. Zengi named Nağm ad-Din Ayyub, the father of Saladin Salah ad-Din Yusuf ibn Ayyub ( – 4 March 1193), commonly known as Sa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siege Of Shaizar
The siege of Shaizar took place from April 28 to May 21, 1138. The allied forces of the Byzantine Empire, Principality of Antioch and County of Edessa invaded Muslim Syria. Having been repulsed from their main objective, the city of Aleppo, the combined Christian armies took a number of fortified settlements by assault and finally besieged Shaizar, the capital of the Munqidhite Emirate. The siege captured the city, but failed to take the citadel; it resulted in the Emir of Shaizar paying an indemnity and becoming the vassal of the Byzantine emperor. The forces of Zengi, the greatest Muslim prince of the region, skirmished with the allied army but it was too strong for them to risk battle. The campaign underlined the limited nature of Byzantine suzerainty over the northern Crusader states and the lack of common purpose between the Latin princes and the Byzantine emperor. Background Freed from immediate external threats in the Balkans or in Anatolia, having defeated the Hungar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siege Of Aleppo (1138)
The siege of Aleppo in April 1138 was a significant attempt to capture the city by the allied forces of the Byzantines and the Franks. The Byzantine Emperor John II Komnenos allied with the Franks in an attempt to capture Aleppo. The Christian army was largely composed of Byzantine regulars and also included a Templar force and substantial contingents from Antioch and Edessa. As the Christian army approached Aleppo its inhabitants withdrew into the outlying garrisons and sent word to Zengi, asking him for help. Zengi rushed to obtain reinforcements before the arrival of the allied army; he received a reinforcement of cavalry, infantry, and specialist archers just in time. The Byzantines were aware of the strategic importance of Aleppo. One of the objectives of their Syrian campaign was to create a Christian buffer state centered on Aleppo but also including Shaizar, Homs and Hama. Due to the dangers involved the Byzantines were content to let the Franks own the buffer state o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Ba'rin
In the Battle of Ba'rin (also known as Battle of Montferrand) in 1137, a Crusader force commanded by King Fulk of Jerusalem was scattered and defeated by Zengi, the Atabeg of Mosul and Aleppo. This setback resulted in the permanent loss of the Crusader castle of Montferrand in Baarin. Background When Zengi became ruler of Mosul in 1127 and Aleppo in 1128, the Crusaders faced a dangerous opponent. For several years afterward, Zengi gained power at the expense of neighboring Muslim states. By occasionally allying itself with the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, the Muslim emirate of Damascus successfully resisted Zengi's efforts to conquer that city. Battle In 1137, Zengi invested in the castle of Ba'rin, about 10 miles northwest of Homs. Raymond II obtained help from King Fulk; however when Fulk arrived in Tripoli, he learned that the Byzantine Emperor was invading the Principality of Antioch.Baldwin, Marshall WA History of the Crusades, Volume 1: The First Hundred Years. Vol. 1. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Qinnasrin
The Battle of Qinnasrin took place between the Zengids and the County of Tripoli following a successful campaign against Antioch led by Imad al-Din Zengi.Alptekin, Coskun"The reign of Zangī (521-541/1127-1146)."PhD diss., SOAS University of London, 1972. In 1135 Imad al-Din Zengi led a campaign against Antioch during which he captured Atharib, Zardana, Tell Aghdi, Ma’arat al-Nu’man, Ma’arrat Misrin and Kafartab. The Count of Tripoli, Pons, in an attempt to make up for the loss of Ma’arat al-Nu’man and block the road that crossed Syria from north to south, launched an attack on Qinnasrin Qinnašrīn (; ; ; ), was a historical town in northern Syria. The town was situated southwest of Aleppo on the west bank of the Queiq (historically, the Belus) and was connected to Aleppo with a major road during Roman times. Some scholars p ..., however Zengi repelled the attack and the Franks retreated.Mikaberidze, Alexander, edConflict and Conquest in the Islamic World: A Hi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zengid Campaign Against Antioch
The Zengid campaign against Antioch occurred in 1135 when Imad al-Din Zengi staged a successful campaign against the Principality of Antioch. In 1135 Imad al-Din Zengi conducted a major campaign against the Principality of Antioch The Principality of Antioch (; ) was one of the Crusader states created during the First Crusade which included parts of Anatolia (modern-day Turkey) and History of Syria#Medieval era, Syria. The principality was much smaller than the County of .... While his lieutenant Sawar threatened Turbessel, Aintab and Azaz, Zengi swept past the eastern frontier.Runciman, StevenA History of the Crusades. Vol. 3.CUP Archive, 1987. Zengi inflicted major defeats against Antioch, capturing Atharib, Zardana, Tell Aghdi, Ma’arat al-Nu’man, Ma’arrat Misrin and Kafartab.Mikaberidze, Alexander, edConflict and Conquest in the Islamic World: A Historical Encyclopedia (2 volumes): A Historical Encyclopedia.abc-clio, 2011.Morton, NicholasThe Crusader States and t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Rafaniyya
The Battle of Rafaniyya occurred in 1133 when Imad al-Din Zengi Imad al-Din Zengi (; – 14 September 1146), also romanized as Zangi, Zengui, Zenki, and Zanki, was a Turkoman atabeg of the Seljuk Empire, who ruled Mosul, Aleppo, Hama, and, later, Edessa. He was the namesake and founder of the Zengid dyn ... raided the territory of the Count of Tripoli and met him in battle near Rafaniyya. On October 1133, a large force of Zengid Turks from north invaded the County of Tripoli. They raided Tripoli and some neighbouring towns. They ravaged the countryside, killing many Christians and seizing large amounts of loot and cattle. The Count of Tripoli, Pons, led an army to meet the Zengids, who were near Rafaniyya. Initially, the Zengids avoided battle and Pons chased them, but the Zengids turned back and fought the Crusaders, inflicting a heavy defeat on Pons's army. Few of the Crusaders survived the battle. Pons and his few men retreated towards Montferrand. The Zengids chase ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Al-Atharib (1130)
The Battle of al-Atharib occurred in 1130 when Imad al-Din Zengi laid siege to al-Atharib in spring and defeated an army led against him to relieve the town commanded by King Baldwin. Imad al-Din Zengi sought to reassert Muslim control over the eastern frontier of the Principality of Antioch The Principality of Antioch (; ) was one of the Crusader states created during the First Crusade which included parts of Anatolia (modern-day Turkey) and History of Syria#Medieval era, Syria. The principality was much smaller than the County of .... Zengi invaded and raided the territories of Antioch; in the Spring of 1130, he laid siege to al-Atharib. When the Franks and King Baldwin, who was in command of a Latin army, advanced to relieve the city, the officers of Zengi advised him to retreat; however, Baldwin scorned their advice. A battle followed and Zengi emerged victorious. After conquering the citadel of al-Atharib, Zengi destroyed it and razed it to the ground.Hillenbrand, Car ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siege Of Hama (1130)
The siege of Hama was led by Imad al-Din Zengi who besieged and captured the city of Hama, then held by the Burids. At the beginning of 1130 Zengi desired to gain political legitimacy in Syria, as a result he married the daughter of the former ruler of Aleppo.El-Azhari, TaefZengi and the Muslim response to the Crusades: The politics of Jihad.Routledge, 2016. This move may have given him prestige over the Damascene Burids whom Zengi had sent several messages to inviting them to join him in a jihad against the Crusaders. When Buri overcame his doubts about Zengi he sent his son Sawinj, lord of Hama Hama ( ', ) is a city on the banks of the Orontes River in west-central Syria. It is located north of Damascus and north of Homs. It is the provincial capital of the Hama Governorate. With a population of 996,000 (2023 census), Hama is one o ..., in command of 500 elite knights. The warm welcome and hospitality of Zengi banished any doubts and mistrust that Sawinj and his command ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sunni Islam
Sunni Islam is the largest Islamic schools and branches, branch of Islam and the largest religious denomination in the world. It holds that Muhammad did not appoint any Succession to Muhammad, successor and that his closest companion Abu Bakr () rightfully succeeded him as the caliph of the Muslim community, being appointed at the meeting of Saqifa. This contrasts with the Succession of ʿAlī (Shia Islam), Shia view, which holds that Muhammad appointed Ali, Ali ibn Abi Talib () as his successor. Nevertheless, Sunnis revere Ali, along with Abu Bakr, Umar () and Uthman () as 'Rashidun, rightly-guided caliphs'. The term means those who observe the , the practices of Muhammad. The Quran, together with hadith (especially the Six Books) and (scholarly consensus), form the basis of all Fiqh, traditional jurisprudence within Sunni Islam. Sharia legal rulings are derived from these basic sources, in conjunction with Istislah, consideration of Maslaha, public welfare and Istihsan, jur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
