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Ilterish Qaghan
Ilterish Qaghan (, zh, 頡跌利施可汗/颉跌利施可汗 ''Xiédiēlìshīkěhàn''; personal name: Ashina Qutlugh, 阿史那骨篤祿/阿史那骨笃禄, ''āshǐnà gǔdǔlù'', a-shih-na ku-tu-lu, d. 691) was the founder of the Second Turkic Khaganate (reigning 682–691). Early life Little is known surrounding Ilterish Qaghan's early life. He was a distant relative of Illig Qaghan who ruled as the final qaghan of the Eastern Turkic Khaganate. According to the Old Book of Tang, his father served as a chief under the leadership of Sheli Yuanying, the military governor of Yunzhong - a subdivision of the Chanyu Protectorate. The source specifically notes his hereditary title as that of Tutunchuo (Old Turkic: ''Tudun Çor''). However, this is contradicted in the Chinese text inscribed on the stele dedicated to Kul Tigin, in which it is stated that Ilterish Qaghan's father bore the title of ''Guduolu xiejin'', the Chinese rendering of Old Turkic ''qutlugh irkin''. This pot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Orkhon Inscriptions
The Orkhon inscriptions are bilingual texts in Middle Chinese and Old Turkic, the latter written in the Old Turkic alphabet, carved into two memorial steles erected in the early 8th century by the Göktürks in the Orkhon Valley in what is modern-day Mongolia. They were created in honor of two Turkic princes, Kul Tigin and his brother Bilge Khagan. The inscriptions relate in both languages the legendary origins of the Turks, the golden age of their history, their subjugation by the Tang dynasty, and their liberation by Ilterish Qaghan. According to one source, the inscriptions contain "rhythmic and parallelistic passages" which resemble that of epics. Name Orhon can also be transcribed as Orhun, and the inscriptions are also known as the Khöshöö Tsaidam monuments (also spelled ''Khoshoo Tsaidam'', ''Koshu-Tsaidam'' or ''Höshöö Caidam''), or Kul Tigin steles. The Khoshoo Tsaidam archaeological site (more images :Commons:Khoshoo Tsaidam , here) in the Orkhon Valley region is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Tang Xiujing
Tang Xiujing (唐休璟; 627–712), formal name Tang Xuan () but went by the courtesy name of Xiujing, formally Duke Zhong of Song (), was an official and general of the Chinese Tang dynasty and Wu Zetian's Zhou dynasty, serving as chancellor during the reigns of Wu Zetian, her sons Emperor Zhongzong and Emperor Ruizong and her grandson Emperor Shang. Background Tang Xiujing was born in 627, during the reign of Emperor Taizong. His family was from the Tang dynasty capital Chang'an, and for generations had served as officials of Tang's predecessor dynasties Northern Zhou and Sui dynasty. Tang Xiujing's great-grandfather Tang Gui () served as a general during Northern Zhou and carried the title of Duke of Anyi. Tang Xiujing's grandfather Tang Zong () served as the secretary general of Shuofang Commandery (朔方, roughly modern Yulin, Shaanxi) late in the reign of Emperor Yang of Sui, and was killed when Liang Shidu rose against Emperor Yang and captured Shuofang, as he refu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Feng Prefecture (Shaanxi)
Fengzhou or Feng Prefecture () was a '' zhou'' (prefecture) in imperial China, centering on modern Feng County, Shaanxi, China. It was created in 554 by Western Wei and existed (intermittently) until 1374 during the Ming dynasty. Geography The administrative region of Feng Prefecture in the Tang dynasty is in the border area of modern southeastern Gansu and southwestern Shaanxi. It probably includes parts of modern: *Under the administration of Baoji, Shaanxi: ** Feng County *Under the administration of Longnan City, Gansu Gansu is a provinces of China, province in Northwestern China. Its capital and largest city is Lanzhou, in the southeastern part of the province. The seventh-largest administrative district by area at , Gansu lies between the Tibetan Plateau, Ti ...: ** Hui County ** Liangdang County Bibliography * Prefectures of the Sui dynasty Prefectures of the Tang dynasty Prefectures of Former Shu Prefectures of Later Shu Prefectures of Later Tang Prefectures ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Yun Prefecture (Shanxi)
Yunzhou or Yun Prefecture () was a '' zhou'' (prefecture) in imperial China seated in modern Datong, Shanxi, China. It existed (intermittently) from 640 to 1044. It was one of the Sixteen Prefectures The Sixteen Prefectures, more precisely known as the Sixteen Prefectures of Yan- Yun () or the Sixteen Prefectures of You- Ji (), comprise a historical region in North China along the Great Wall in present-day Beijing, Tianjin, and part of no .... References * Former prefectures in Shanxi Sixteen Prefectures Prefectures of the Tang dynasty Prefectures of Later Tang Prefectures of the Liao dynasty 640 establishments 640s disestablishments 7th-century establishments in China 1040s disestablishments in Asia 11th-century disestablishments in China {{PRChina-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Xue Rengui
Rengui (; 614 – 24 March 683), formal name Xue Li (薛礼) but went by the courtesy name of Rengui, was a Chinese military general during the early Tang dynasty. He is one of the most well-known military generals of his time due to his humble background, outstanding command abilities, strength and valour in battle. During his career, he participated in successful campaigns against remnants of Western Tujue and against Goguryeo, with only one major flaw on his record which was a campaign against the Tibetan Empire in 670, where another general in his army refused to listen to Xue's advice and charged ahead and caused a portion of the army to be lost. During Emperor Taizong's reign Xue Rengui was born in 614, during the reign of Emperor Yang of Sui, but his early activities were not recorded, other than that his wife had the surname Liu (). It was said that he was poor and was a farmer. Around the time that Tang dynasty's second emperor Emperor Taizong was set to launch a ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Bing Prefecture
Bingzhou or Bing Prefecture was a ''Zhou (country subdivision), zhou'' (prefecture) in history of China, imperial China, centering on modern Taiyuan, Shanxi, China. It existed (intermittently) from the Tang dynasty until 723 and from 979 until 1059, when the Song dynasty renamed it Taiyuan Prefecture. History Tang dynasty During the Tang dynasty (618–907), Bing Prefecture covered only areas in present-day Shanxi, which included south of present-day Yangqu County, north of Wenshui County and east of midstream of the Fen River. In 723 Bing Prefecture was renamed to Taiyuan Prefecture. Song dynasty In 979 during the Song dynasty (960–1127), Bing Prefecture was restored and its capital set up in Yuci County (榆次縣; present-day Yuci District, Jinzhong, Shanxi). Three years later the capital was moved to Yangqu County (陽曲縣; present-day Yangqu County, Shanxi). In 1059 it was integrated into Taiyuan Prefecture. See also *Taiyuan Prefecture References * Prefectures o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Lan Prefecture (Shanxi)
Lanzhou or Lan Prefecture () was a '' zhou'' (prefecture) in imperial China seated in modern Lan County in Shanxi, China. It existed (intermittently) from 623 to 1369. Geography The administrative region of Lanzhou in the Tang dynasty is in Shanxi. It probably includes parts of modern: *Under the administration of Lüliang: **Lan County **Xing County *Under the administration of Xinzhou: **Jingle County **Kelan County Kelan County () is a county in Xinzhou Prefecture, in the northwest of Shanxi Province, China. The Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center is located in this county. Area: . Population: 80,000 Postal Code: 036300 Telephone Area Code: 0350 The county ... References * Prefectures of the Tang dynasty Prefectures of the Song dynasty Prefectures of Later Jin (Five Dynasties) Prefectures of Later Han (Five Dynasties) Prefectures of Northern Han Prefectures of Later Tang Former prefectures in Shanxi Prefectures of the Yuan dynasty Prefectures of the Jin dynasty ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Yabghu
Yabghu (,Entr"𐰖𐰉𐰍𐰆 [yabγuйабғұ"in "Ethno-Cultural Dictionary" ''Türik Bitig'' ), also rendered as Jabgu, Djabgu or Yabgu, was a state office in the early Turkic states, roughly equivalent to viceroy">Turkic peoples">Turkic states, roughly equivalent to viceroy. The title carried autonomy in different degrees, and its links with the central authority of Khagan varied from economical and political subordination to superficial political deference. The title had also been borne by Turkic princes in the upper Oxus region in post-Hephthalite times. The position of Yabgu was traditionally given to the second highest member of a ruling clan ( Ashina), with the first member being the Kagan himself. Frequently, Yabgu was a younger brother of the ruling Kagan, or a representative of the next generation, called Shad (blood prince). Mahmud Kashgari defined the title Yabgu as "position two steps below Kagan", listing heir apparent Shad a step above Yabgu.Golden P.B., "Khaz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Ashina Duoxifu
Ashina Duoxifu (; Old Turkic: Turs Beg; Title: Eletmiš Yabγu) — was a younger brother of Elteriš Qaγan and Qapγan Qaγan in Turkic Empire. Life He took part in war against Toquz Oγuz with Elteriš between 682 - 687 near Tuul River. Then he was made governor ( šad) of eastern wing. He was appointed to this position by Elteriš Qaγan in 687 and was reconfirmed by Qapγan Qaγan in 699. His was mainly active in Ongi steppe (near Ongi river). Family He had several issues: * Bilgä Išbara Tamγan Tarqan - Might have been the Karluk Yabghu after the collapse of the Khaganate. * Išbara Tamγan Čor - Might have been the Karluk Yabghu after the collapse of the Khaganate. * Pan Kol Tegin - Revolted and killed Tengri Qaghan Tengri Qaghan (Old Turkic: 𐱅𐰭𐰼𐰃:𐰴𐰍𐰣) (734 or 739 or 740 – 741) was the sixth ruler of the Second Turkic Khaganate. Background He was the second son of the fourth ruler, Bilge Khagan, and was preceded by his elder brother ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Toquz Oghuz
The Toquz Oghuz (Lit. "''Nine Clan"'') was a political alliance of nine Turkic Tiele tribes in Inner Asia, during the early Middle Ages. The Toquz Oghuz was consolidated and subordinated within the First Turkic Khaganate (552–603) and remained as a nine-tribe alliance after the Khaganate fragmented. Oghuz is a Turkic word meaning "community" and ''toquz'' means "nine". Similarly the Karluks were possibly known as the ''Üç-Oğuz'' – ''üç'' meaning "three". The root of the generalized ethnic term "oghuz" is ''og''-, meaning "clan, tribe"; which in turn, according to Kononov, descends from the ancient Turkic word ''ög'' meaning "mother" (however, Golden considered such a further derivation impossible). Initially the ''oguz'' designated "tribes" or "tribal union", and eventually became an ethnonym. The Toquz Oghuz were perhaps first mentioned in the Orkhon inscriptions written in the 730s. The nine tribes were named in Chinese histories as the ''Huihe''/Uyghur (回� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Göktürks
The Göktürks (; ), also known as Türks, Celestial Turks or Blue Turks, were a Turkic people in medieval Inner Asia. The Göktürks, under the leadership of Bumin Qaghan (d. 552) and his sons, succeeded the Rouran Khaganate as the main power in the region and established the First Turkic Khaganate, one of several nomadic dynasties that would shape the future geolocation, culture, and dominant beliefs of Turkic peoples. Etymology Origin As an ethnonym, the etymology of ''Turk'' is still unknown. It is generally believed that the name ''Türk'' may have come from Old Turkic migration-term , which means 'created, born'. As a word in Turkic languages, ''Turk'' may mean "strong, strength, ripe" or "flourishing, in full strength". It may also mean ripe as for a fruit or "in the prime of life, young, and vigorous" for a person. The name ''Gök-türk'' emerged from the Modern Turkish reading of the word ''Kök'' as ''Gök'' with assumption of equivalence to "sky" in Moder ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
