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Ilia Chavchavadze Society
Ilia Chavchavadze Society ( ka, ილია ჭავჭავაძის საზოგადოება, tr) is a political organisation from Georgia. The group dates back to the days of the Soviet Union, where it was an important factor in the growth of Georgian nationalism. Formation and development Named after Georgian national hero Ilia Chavchavadze the group was established in October 1987 in the wake of a series of amnesties for dissidents that April as part of the Glasnost scheme.Svante Cornell, ''Small Nations and Great Powers: A Study of Ethnopolitical Conflict in the Caucasus'', Routledge, 2005, p. 147 The group was initially made up of intellectuals and included members of various political viewpoints whose only common factor was their opposition to the Soviet Union. It was an underground intellectual group and was not a popular movement. It advocated the devolution of power within the Soviet Union to the existing republics and the transformation into a federatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Federalism
Federalism is a mode of government that combines a general level of government (a central or federal government) with a regional level of sub-unit governments (e.g., provinces, State (sub-national), states, Canton (administrative division), cantons, territorial, territories, etc.), while dividing the powers of governing between the two levels of governments. Two illustrative examples of federated countries—one of the world's oldest federations, and one recently organized—are Australia #Government and politics, Australia and Federated States of Micronesia, Micronesia. Johannes Althusius (1563–1638), is considered the father of modern federalism, along with Montesquieu. In 1603, Althusius first described the bases of this political philosophy in his ''Politica Methodice Digesta, Atque Exemplis Sacris et Profanis Illustrata''. By 1748, in his treatise ''The Spirit of Law'', Montesquieu (1689-1755) observed various examples of federalist governments: in corporate societies, i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1990 Georgian Parliamentary Election
Parliamentary elections were held in the Georgian SSR on 28 October 1990, with a second round on 11 November. They were the first free parliamentary elections in Georgia since 1919 and saw Round Table-Free Georgia emerge as the largest party in Parliament with 155 of the 250 seats. Voter turnout was 70%. Round Table-Free Georgia MP Zviad Gamsakhurdia was subsequently elected by the Congress as Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Council on 14 November, effectively becoming the leader of Georgia. The elections were the first in the Soviet Union in which the opposition groups were registered as formal political parties. On 9 April 1991, the newly-elected Georgian legislature issued a declaration of Georgian independence from the USSR. Electoral system On 18 August 1990 a new electoral law was passed providing for the election of the legislature consisting of 250 members, 125 elected by proportional representation and 125 from single-member districts using the two-round sys ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Georgian Labour Party
The Georgian Labour Party ( ka, საქართველოს ლეიბორისტული პარტია, tr, SLP) is a political party in Georgia that was founded in 1995 by Shalva Natelashvili. History Background The party was established in 1995 by Shalva Natelashvili, a deputy of the Parliament of Georgia and a former member of the National Democratic Party. The party was initially known as "National Rule of Law Union" and operated only in the small mountainous locality where Natelashvili hails from. In 1995, Natelashvili was elected to the parliament from this Dusheti constituency. Later in the same year, Natelashvili renamed the party into the Labor Party of Georgia. Initial successes The party became the "strongest force on the left of the political spectrum" and performed strongly in the 1998 local elections. It has been described as having occupied "the protest-vote niche" in mid- and late- 1990s. In 1998, the GLP received 9% of the votes nationwide ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2000 Georgian Presidential Election
Presidential elections were held in Georgia on 9 April 2000. The result was a victory for Eduard Shevardnadze of the Union of Citizens of Georgia, who received 82% of the vote, with a 76% turnout.Nohlen ''et al.'', p402 Conduct The OSCE election observation mission concluded that while "fundamental freedoms were generally respected during the election campaign and candidates were able to express their views ..further progress is necessary for Georgia to fully meet its commitments as a participating State of the OSCE." The OSCE report also highlighted that only two candidates, Shevardnadze and Patiashvili had "campaigned actively". Results References {{Georgian elections Presidential elections in Georgia (country) Presidential Georgia Georgia Georgia most commonly refers to: * Georgia (country), a country in the South Caucasus * Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the southeastern United States Georgia may also refer to: People and fictional characters * Georgia (name ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
War In Abkhazia (1992–1993)
The War in Abkhazia was fought between Georgian government and paramilitary forces, and a coalition of Abkhaz separatist forces and North Caucasian militants between 1992 and 1993. Ethnic Georgians who lived in Abkhazia fought largely on the side of Georgian government forces. Ethnic Armenians, who formed the Bagramyan Battalion and Russians within Abkhazia's population largely supported the AbkhaziansAbkhazia Today. ''The Europe Report N°176, 15 September 2006, page 5''. Retrieved on 30 May 2007. ''Free registration needed to view full report'' and many fought on their side. The separatists received support from thousands of |
Russia
Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders of Russia, land borders with fourteen countries. Russia is the List of European countries by population, most populous country in Europe and the List of countries and dependencies by population, ninth-most populous country in the world. It is a Urbanization by sovereign state, highly urbanised country, with sixteen of its urban areas having more than 1 million inhabitants. Moscow, the List of metropolitan areas in Europe, most populous metropolitan area in Europe, is the capital and List of cities and towns in Russia by population, largest city of Russia, while Saint Petersburg is its second-largest city and Society and culture in Saint Petersburg, cultural centre. Human settlement on the territory of modern Russia dates back to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1995 Georgian Presidential Election ...
Presidential elections were held in Georgia on 5 November (or 6 November) 1995. The result was a victory for Eduard Shevardnadze of the Union of Citizens of Georgia, who received 77% of the vote, with a 68% turnout.Nohlen ''et al.'', p402 Results References {{Georgian elections Presidential elections in Georgia (country) 1995 in Georgia (country) Georgia Georgia Georgia most commonly refers to: * Georgia (country), a country in the South Caucasus * Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the southeastern United States Georgia may also refer to: People and fictional characters * Georgia (name), a list of pe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1995 Georgian Parliamentary Election
Parliamentary elections were held in Georgia (country), Georgia on 5 November 1995, with a second round on 19 November. The result was a victory for the Union of Citizens of Georgia, which won 108 of the 235 seats. Voter turnout was 68% Due to its breakaway status, the elections were not held in Abkhazia, resulting in the 12 MPs elected in 1992 retaining their seats.Nohlen ''et al''., p339 Results References {{Georgian elections 1995 in Georgia (country) Parliamentary elections in Georgia (country) 1995 elections in Asia, Georgia 1995 elections in Europe, Georgia Election and referendum articles with incomplete results ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Independence Party Of Georgia
The National Independence Party of Georgia (NIP) is a Georgian political party. The party was an important force during the transition from the Soviet Union to independence but subsequently faded and its current status in unknown. History The group was established in 1988 by Irakli Tsereteli, a member of the pro-independence Ilia Chavchavadze Society as a focus for more radical members of that group.Jonathan Wheatley, ''Georgia from National Awakening to Rose Revolution: Delayed Transition in the Former Soviet Union'', Routledge, 201link/ref> It took a strongly nationalist and anti-communist ideological position.Stephen Jones, ''Georgia: A Political History Since Independence'', I.B. Tauris, 2015, pp. 38-39 On 30 September 1990 they took part in elections to the Georgian National Congress, an unofficial body established by pro-independence groups who were boycotting the elections to the Supreme Soviet. With 35.6% of the vote and 71 seats in the new body the NIP was the largest g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eduard Shevardnadze
Eduard Ambrosis dze Shevardnadze ( ka, ედუარდ ამბროსის ძე შევარდნაძე; 25 January 1928 – 7 July 2014) was a Soviet and Georgian politician and diplomat who governed Georgia (country), Georgia for several non-consecutive periods from 1972 until his resignation in 2003 and also served as the final Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs, Soviet minister of foreign affairs from 1985 to 1991. Shevardnadze started his political career in the late 1940s as a leading member of his local Komsomol organisation. He was later appointed its Second Secretary, then its First Secretary. His rise in the Georgian Soviet hierarchy continued until 1961 when he was demoted after he insulted a senior official. After spending two years in obscurity, Shevardnadze returned as a First Secretary of a Tbilisi city district, and was able to charge the Tbilisi First Secretary at the time with corruption. His anti-corruption work quickly garnered the interest ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitution Of Georgia (country)
The Constitution of Georgia ( ka, საქართველოს კონსტიტუცია, ''sakartvelos k'onst'it'utsia'') is the supreme law of the nation of Georgia. It was approved by the Parliament of Georgia on 24 August 1995 and entered into force on 17 October 1995. The Constitution replaced the Decree on State Power of November 1992 which had functioned as an interim basic law following the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Background Democratic Republic of Georgia and Soviet Rule The history of Georgian constitutionalism begins in the twentieth century, when on 26 May 1918, the Democratic Republic of Georgia adopted the Act of Independence and began drafting the Constitution. The drafting of the constitution lasted for three years. On 21 February 1921, facing the onset of Soviet aggression, the Constituent Assembly of Georgia adopted a constitution of the Democratic Republic of Georgia which was the first modern fundamental law in the nation's history, b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
