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Ibrahim I Nikale
Ibrahim I Nikale (Ibrāhīm Nikale bin Biri) was the '' mai'' of the Kanem–Bornu Empire in 1290–1311. Life Ibrahim Nikale was the son of Kashim Bir and Kagudi. He was a grandson of Dunama II Dabbalemi. Ibrahim succeeded his uncle Dirke Kelem as ''mai'' in 1290, after the sons of Dunama II had been engaged in a succession conflict and reigned in quick succession. Ibrahim became embroiled in succession conflicts of his own. He had at least two consorts, Hafsa and Fatima, and several sons. Ibrahim had one of his own sons killed, probably because this son had revolted against him. Ibrahim at some point made a pilgrimage to Mecca. Ibrahim was murdered by a man named Yerama Muhammad in 1311, and his body was thrown in the Wau River. He was succeeded as ''mai'' by his cousin Abdullah II Abdullah II (Abdullah bin Hussein; born 30 January 1962) is King of Jordan, having ascended the throne on 7 February 1999. He is a member of the Hashemites, who have been the reigning royal fa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Mais Of Kanem–Bornu
The ''mai'' (sometimes translated as king or emperor) was the monarch of the Kanem–Bornu Empire from its foundation 700 until the ''mai''s were replaced as rulers by the List of shehus of Bornu, ''shehu''s in the mid-19th century. The line of ''mai''s is largely reconstructed through the ''girgam'', the empire's royal chronicle. The ''girgam'' was preserved through oral tradition before transcriptions by European scholars in the mid-19th century. The ''girgam'' is not entirely reliable since it was preserved orally and contains some contradictions between different versions. There is however a large degree of agreement across different versions of the ''girgam'' as to the names of rulers and the lengths of their reigns. Because the slightly different versions of the ''girgam'' and a lack of precise dates, names and lengths of reign assigned to the ''mai''s may differ in different sources. For the sake of comparison, this list includes dates from different authors for each ruler. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kanem–Bornu Empire
The Kanem–Bornu Empire was an empire based around Lake Chad that once ruled areas which are now part of Nigeria, Niger, Cameroon, Libya, Algeria, Sudan, and Chad. The empire was sustained by the prosperous trans-Saharan trade and was one of the oldest and longest-lived List of kingdoms and empires in African history, empires in African history. The foundation and early history of the Kanem–Bornu Empire is poorly known. The state is typically dated to have been founded around the year 700, though it may have been established centuries earlier or later. The ruling Duguwa dynasty ruled from their capital Njimi in the Kanem (region), Kanem region and used the ruling title ''List of mais of Kanem–Bornu, mai''. By the 11th century, the Duguwa had been replaced by the Sayfawa dynasty and the empire had converted to Islam. Economic factors and conflict with the Bilala people caused the empire to lose Kanem in the 14th century. ''Mai'' Omar I of Kanem, Omar I re-centered the empire i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dirke Kelem
Dirke Kelem (Dirke Kelem bin Dunama) was '' mai'' of the Kanem–Bornu Empire The Kanem–Bornu Empire was an empire based around Lake Chad that once ruled areas which are now part of Nigeria, Niger, Cameroon, Libya, Algeria, Sudan, and Chad. The empire was sustained by the prosperous trans-Saharan trade and was one of the ... at some point between 1259 and 1290, in a period of succession conflict between the sons of Dunama II Dabbalemi. Dirke Kelem was a son of Dunama II and an unknown consort. Dirke Kelem was preceded as ''mai'' by Jalil or Bir II Ibrahim, and succeeded by Ibrahim I Nikale. References Rulers of the Kanem Empire 13th-century monarchs in Africa {{Africa-royal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abdullah II Of Kanem
Abdullah II (ʿAbdallāh bin Kade) was the '' mai'' of the Kanem–Bornu Empire The Kanem–Bornu Empire was an empire based around Lake Chad that once ruled areas which are now part of Nigeria, Niger, Cameroon, Libya, Algeria, Sudan, and Chad. The empire was sustained by the prosperous trans-Saharan trade and was one of the ... in 1311–1322. Life Abdullah was the son of Kade I and Fatima. He succeeded his cousin Ibrahim I Nikale as ''mai'' in 1311, after Ibrahim had been murdered by a group led by a man named Yerama Muhammad. Abdullah was a just ruler. He punished Ibrahim's murderers and defeated a figure named Bagharimi, who had apparently been a rival of some sort in Ibrahim's reign. After this, Abdullah is said to have "established his power with a strong hand". Abdullah had multiple consorts, including Kime and Kagala. He was succeeded in 1322 by his son Selema. References Rulers of the Kanem Empire 14th-century monarchs in Africa {{Africa-royal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Idris I Of Kanem
Idris I (Idrīs bin Ibrāhīm Nikale), also known as Hajj-Idris (al-Ḥājj Idrīs), was the '' mai'' of the Kanem–Bornu Empire in 1329–1353. Life Idris was the son of Ibrahim I Nikale and Hafsa. He succeeded his second cousin Muhammad I as ''mai'' in 1329, after Muhammad's death in battle against the Sao. The Sao lived south of Lake Chad and had risen up in the reign of Selema (r. 1322–1326). The wars against the Sao had in quick succession claimed the lives of four ''mai''s prior to Idris's accession: Selema, Kuri I Gana, Kuri II Kura, and Muhammad I. It is unknown if Idris was more successful against the Sao than his predecessors and little is known of his reign overall. Idris at one point made a pilgrimage to Mecca Mecca, officially Makkah al-Mukarramah, is the capital of Mecca Province in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia; it is the Holiest sites in Islam, holiest city in Islam. It is inland from Jeddah on the Red Sea, in a narrow valley above ... ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dawud Of Kanem
Dawud (Dāwūd bin Ibrāhīm Nikale), sometimes called Dawud Nikalemi, was the '' mai'' of the Kanem–Bornu Empire in 1353–1363. Life Dawud was the son of Ibrahim I Nikale and Fatima. He succeeded his half-brother Idris I as ''mai'' in 1353. Dawud became ''mai'' over the many sons of Idris.'''' Dawud's reign saw the beginning of a destructive conflict with the Bilala people, who had established a powerful principality around Lake Fitri Lake Fitri is a shallow freshwater lake in central Chad, located in the Sahel region about 300 km east of N’Djamena. It has been designated a Wetland of International Importance under the Ramsar Convention. Geography The normal size of t .... The rulers of the Bilala claimed some relation to the Sayfawa dynasty, and were perhaps descendants of Dunama II Dabbalemi. Dawud's power was weakened in a civil war with the sons of Idris I, which later enabled the Bilala to defeat his army and for the first time temporarily capture the Kan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kashim Bir
Kashim Bir (Kashim Biri bin Dunama), also called Bir and Othman, was '' mai'' of the Kanem–Bornu Empire The Kanem–Bornu Empire was an empire based around Lake Chad that once ruled areas which are now part of Nigeria, Niger, Cameroon, Libya, Algeria, Sudan, and Chad. The empire was sustained by the prosperous trans-Saharan trade and was one of the ... at some point between 1259 and 1290, in a period of succession conflict between the sons of Dunama II Dabbalemi. Kashim Bir was a son of Dunama II and his consort Zainab. Kashim Bir succeeded his brother Kade I as ''mai'', and was himself succeeded by either Jalil or Bir II Ibrahim. Bosworth (1996) considers Kashim Bir and Bir II Ibrahim to be the same figure whereas Cohen (1966) and Stewart (1989) separate the two. Kashim Bir's consort was named Kagudi. They had at least one son together, Ibrahim I Nikale, who would later claim the Kanem–Bornu throne. References Rulers of the Kanem Empire 13th-century monarchs in Af ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dunama II Dabbalemi
Dunama II Dabbalemi (Dunama Dibalemi Muḥammad bin ʿAbd al-Jalīl) was the '' mai'' of the Kanem–Bornu Empire in 1221–1259. Life Dunama Dabbalemi was the son of Abd al-Jalil II and Dibala. He succeeded his father as ''mai'' in 1221. A fervent Muslim, Dabbalemi initiated diplomatic exchanges with sultans in North Africa and apparently arranged for the establishment of a special hostel in Cairo to facilitate pilgrimages to Mecca. In particular the historian Ibn Khaldun, who remembers him as "King of Kanem and Lord of Bornu", reports a Kanem embassy in 1257 to Tunisia. During his reign, he declared ''jihad'' against the surrounding tribes and initiated an extended period of conquest, allegedly arriving to have under his command a cavalry 40,000 strong. After consolidating their territory around Lake Chad the Fezzan region (in present-day Libya) fell under Kanem's authority, and the empire's influence extended westward to Kano (in present-day Nigeria), eastward to Ouaddaï, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hajj
Hajj (; ; also spelled Hadj, Haj or Haji) is an annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabia, the holiest city for Muslims. Hajj is a mandatory religious duty for capable Muslims that must be carried out at least once in their lifetime by all adult Muslims who are physically and financially capable of undertaking the journey, and of supporting their family during their absence from home. In Islamic terminology, Hajj is a pilgrimage made to the Kaaba, the "House of Allah", in the sacred city of Mecca in Saudi Arabia. It is one of the Five Pillars of Islam, alongside (oath that one believes there is no god but Allah), (prayer), (almsgiving), and (fasting during Ramadan). The Hajj is an annual practice when Muslim brotherhood is on display and their solidarity with fellow Muslim people and submission to God (Allah) is fulfilled. The Hajj is taken by Muslims to cleanse their souls of all worldly sins, which connotes both the outward act of a journey after death and th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mecca
Mecca, officially Makkah al-Mukarramah, is the capital of Mecca Province in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia; it is the Holiest sites in Islam, holiest city in Islam. It is inland from Jeddah on the Red Sea, in a narrow valley above sea level. Its metropolitan population in 2022 was 2.4million, making it the List of cities in Saudi Arabia by population, third-most populated city in Saudi Arabia after Riyadh and Jeddah. Around 44.5% of the population are Saudis, Saudi citizens and around 55.5% are Muslim world, Muslim foreigners from other countries. Pilgrims more than triple the population number every year during the Pilgrimage#Islam, pilgrimage, observed in the twelfth Islamic calendar, Hijri month of . With over 10.8 million international visitors in 2023, Mecca was one of the ten List of cities by international visitors, most visited cities in the world. Mecca is generally considered "the fountainhead and cradle of Islam". Mecca is revered in Islam as the birthp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wau River
The Wau River, or Wau Nahr (sometimes spelled Waw or Wow), is a river in South Sudan. It shares its name with Wau, the state capital of Western Bahr el Ghazal, where the river is located east of the international border with the Central African Republic. See also * List of rivers of South Sudan This is a list of streams and rivers in South Sudan, arranged geographically by drainage basin. There is an alphabetic list at the end of this article. The list may not be comprehensive. The hydrology of the eastern part of South Sudan is compl ... External linksWau River Rivers of South Sudan Bahr el Ghazal Western Bahr el Ghazal {{SouthSudan-river-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
