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Ibn Janaḥ
Jonah ibn Janah () or Abū al-Walīd Marwān ibn Janāḥ (), (), was a Jewish rabbi, physician and Hebrew grammarian active in al-Andalus (Muslim-ruled Spain). Born in Córdoba, Spain, Córdoba, ibn Janah was mentored there by Isaac ibn Gikatilla and Isaac ibn Mar Saul ben Levi before he moved around 1012 due to the Siege of Córdoba (1009–1013), siege and sack of the city by Berbers. He then settled in Zaragoza, where he wrote ''Kitab al-Mustalhaq'', which expanded on the research of Judah ben David Hayyuj and led to a series of controversial exchanges with Samuel ibn Naghrillah that remained unresolved during their lifetimes. His magnum opus, ''Kitab al-Tanqīḥ'', contained both the first complete grammar for Hebrew and a dictionary of Biblical Hebrew, and is considered "the most influential Hebrew grammar for centuries" and a foundational text in Hebrew scholarship. Ibn Janah is considered a very influential scholar of Hebrew grammar; his works and theories were popular an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Córdoba, Spain
Córdoba ( ; ), or sometimes Cordova ( ), is a city in Andalusia, Spain, and the capital of the Province of Córdoba (Spain), province of Córdoba. It is the third most populated Municipalities in Spain, municipality in Andalusia. The city primarily lies on the right bank of the Guadalquivir in the south of the Iberian Peninsula. Once a Colonia (Roman), Roman colonia, it was taken over by the Visigothic Kingdom followed by the Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula, Muslim conquest in the eighth century. Córdoba became the capital of the Umayyad state of Córdoba, Emirate and then Caliphate of Córdoba, from which the Umayyad dynasty ruled all of al-Andalus until 1031. Under Umayyad rule, Córdoba was transformed into a centre of education and learning, and by the 10th century it had grown to be the second-largest city in Europe. The caliphate experienced a manifold political crisis in the early 11th century that brought about state collapse. Following the Siege of Córdoba ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ism (name)
Arabic names have historically been based on a long naming system. Many people from Arabic-speaking and also non-Arab Muslim countries have not had given, middle, and family names but rather a chain of names. This system remains in use throughout the Arab and Muslim worlds. Name structure ' The ' () is the given name, first name, or personal name; e.g. " Ahmad" or " Fatima". Most Arabic names have meaning as ordinary adjectives and nouns, and are often aspirational of character. For example, ''Muhammad'' means 'Praiseworthy' and '' Ali'' means 'Exalted' or 'High'. The syntactic context will generally differentiate the name from the noun or adjective. However, Arabic newspapers will occasionally place names in brackets, or quotation marks, to avoid confusion. In fact, the name ''Muhammad'' is so popular throughout parts of Africa, Arabia, the Middle East, South Asia and Southeast Asia, that it is often represented by the abbreviation "Md.", "Mohd.", "Muhd.", or just "M.". I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hebrew Language
Hebrew (; ''ʿÎbrit'') is a Northwest Semitic language within the Afroasiatic language family. A regional dialect of the Canaanite languages, it was natively spoken by the Israelites and remained in regular use as a first language until after 200 CE and as the liturgical language of Judaism (since the Second Temple period) and Samaritanism. The language was revived as a spoken language in the 19th century, and is the only successful large-scale example of linguistic revival. It is the only Canaanite language, as well as one of only two Northwest Semitic languages, with the other being Aramaic, still spoken today. The earliest examples of written Paleo-Hebrew date back to the 10th century BCE. Nearly all of the Hebrew Bible is written in Biblical Hebrew, with much of its present form in the dialect that scholars believe flourished around the 6th century BCE, during the time of the Babylonian captivity. For this reason, Hebrew has been referred to by Jews as '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arabic
Arabic (, , or , ) is a Central Semitic languages, Central Semitic language of the Afroasiatic languages, Afroasiatic language family spoken primarily in the Arab world. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) assigns language codes to 32 varieties of Arabic, including its standard form of Literary Arabic, known as Modern Standard Arabic, which is derived from Classical Arabic. This distinction exists primarily among Western linguists; Arabic speakers themselves generally do not distinguish between Modern Standard Arabic and Classical Arabic, but rather refer to both as ( "the eloquent Arabic") or simply ' (). Arabic is the List of languages by the number of countries in which they are recognized as an official language, third most widespread official language after English and French, one of six official languages of the United Nations, and the Sacred language, liturgical language of Islam. Arabic is widely taught in schools and universities around the wo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isaac Ibn Mar Saul
Isaac ( ; ; ; ; ; ) is one of the three patriarchs of the Israelites and an important figure in the Abrahamic religions, including Judaism, Christianity, Islam, and the Baháʼí Faith. Isaac first appears in the Torah, in which he is the son of Abraham and Sarah, the father of Jacob and Esau, and the grandfather of the twelve tribes of Israel. Isaac's name means "he will laugh", reflecting the laughter, in disbelief, of Abraham and Sarah, when told by God that they would have a child., He is the only patriarch whose name was not changed, and the only one who did not move out of Canaan. According to the narrative, he died aged 180, the longest-lived of the three patriarchs. Recent scholarship has discussed the possibility that Isaac could have originally been an ancestor from the Beersheba region who was venerated at a sanctuary. Etymology The anglicized name "Isaac" is a transliteration of the Hebrew name () which literally means "He laughs/will laugh". Ugaritic texts datin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lucena, Córdoba
Lucena () is a municipality of Spain belonging to the province of Córdoba, in the autonomous community of Andalusia. It is the second-most populated municipality in the province. A major Jewish centre from the 9th to the 12th centuries, Lucena was remarked for having a Jewish-majority population. Geography Lucena is located in the transition zone between the ''campiña'' in the Guadalquivir Depression and the Subbaetic system, at an altitude above mean sea level slightly below 500 meters. The Subbaetic system include neighboring subranges such as the sierras of Cabra, Carcabuey, Pollos, Horconera, and Rute. History Despite claims of association with earlier locations (such as ancient ''Erisana''), Lucena did not enter historical record until the period of Islamic rule. It was first mentioned in a 853 '' responsum'' which described Lucena (''Alisana''), then part of the Emirate of Córdoba, as "a city of many Jews" with "no Gentile in its midst". The city then belonged to th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Umayyad State Of Córdoba
The Emirate of Córdoba, and from 929, the Caliphate of Córdoba, was an Arab Islamic state ruled by the Umayyad dynasty from 756 to 1031. Its territory comprised most of the Iberian Peninsula (known to Muslims as al-Andalus), the Balearic Islands, and parts of North Africa, with its capital in Córdoba (at the time ''Qurṭubah''). From 756 it was ruled as an emirate until Abd al-Rahman III adopted the title of caliph in 929. The state was founded by Abd al-Rahman I, an Umayyad prince who fled the defeat and persecution of the Umayyad clan amid the Abbasid revolution. The polity then flourished for the best part of three centuries, before disintegrating in the early 11th century during the Fitna of al-Andalus, a civil war between the descendants of caliph Hisham II and the successors of his '' hajib'' (court official), Almanzor. In 1031, after years of infighting, the caliphate collapsed and fractured into a number of independent Muslim ''taifa'' (kingdoms). The period was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kunya (Arabic)
A () is a teknonym in an Arabic name, the name of an adult derived from their eldest son. A kunya is used as a component of an Arabic name, a type of epithet. Literally it refers to the bearer's first-born son or daughter, and this is the usual case. But it may instead have hypothetical or metaphorical references: an example would be Abu Hurayra, “father of the kitten”, the invariable name used for one of the companions of Muhammad who was known for his pet cat. Use of a kunya implies a familiar but respectful setting. A kunya is expressed by the use of '' abū'' (father) or '' umm'' (mother) in a genitive construction, i.e. "father of" or "mother of" as an honorific in place of or alongside given names in the Arab world and the Islamic world more generally. Medieval Jewish names generally had stock kunyas referencing the biblical eponym and not any relative. Those named Abraham received "abu Ishaq", those named Jacob, "abu Yusuf," and so on. In some cases the word ''ab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joseph Derenbourg
Joseph Derenbourg, or Joseph Naftali Derenburg (21 August 1811 – 29 July 1895) was a Franco-German orientalist. He was born in Mainz (then French-controlled), as a youngest son of the lawyer Jacob Derenburg. According to the 1911 ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', "He was a considerable force in the educational revival of Jewish education in France." He made great contributions to the knowledge of Saadia, and planned a complete edition of Saadia's works in Arabic and French. A large part of this work appeared during his lifetime. He also wrote an ''Essai sur l'histoire et la géographie de la Palestine'' (Paris, 1867). This was an original contribution to the history of the Jews and Judaism in the time of Christ, and has been much used by later writers on the subject (e.g., by Emil Schürer). He also published in collaboration with his son Hartwig Derenbourg, ''Opuscules et traités d'Abou-l-Walid'' (with translation, 1880); ''Deux Versions hebraïques du livre de Kalilah et ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giulio Bartolocci
Giulio Bartolocci (1 April 1613 – 19 October 1687) was an Italian Cistercian Hebrew scholar and author of the four-volume ''Bibliotheca Magna Rabbinica.'' Life He was born at Celleno and became the a pupil of a baptized Jew, Giovanni Battista, who instructed him in Hebrew. On completing his studies, Bartolocci entered the Cistercian order. It was from Battista that Bartolocci obtained his knowledge of Hebrew and rabbinical literature. He was appointed, in 1651, professor of Hebrew and Rabbinics at the Collegium Neophytorum at Rome, and "Scriptor Hebraicus" at the Vatican Library. It was in the Vatican, and with the assistance of Battista, that Bartolocci received his preparation for the work that was to give him lasting fame in the world of Jewish bibliography; and it was at the Vatican and its subsidiary libraries that he obtained his chief materials. In 1675 he began in Rome the publication of ''Bibliotheca Magna Rabbinica'', a bibliography, in Latin and Hebrew, of He ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gedaliah Ibn Yahya Ben Joseph
Gedaliah ibn Yahya ben Joseph (; – 1587) was a 16th-century Italian Talmudist of the prominent Yahya family chiefly known for his chronology of the Bible and Jewish history up to his own time, ''The Chain of Oral Tradition'' (). Biography Born in Imola, Italy, the son of Joseph ibn Yahya ben Solomon and Abigail. In his early years he studied in Ferrara, later settling down in Rovigo, where he remained until 1562 when the burning of the Talmud took place in Italy. Following this he briefly lived in Salonica, moving back to Imola in 1567. He was later expelled with other Jews by Pope Pius V, and suffering a loss of 10,000 gold pieces, he went to Pesaro, and thence to Ferrara, where he remained till 1575. During the ensuing eight years he led a wandering life, and finally settled in Alexandria, which perhaps is where he died in 1587. Another theory "indicates that Gedaliah did not die in Alexandria, Egypt, but in Alessandria, a town sixty to seventy miles northwest of Genoa, Ita ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abraham Ibn Daud
Abraham ibn Daud (; ) was a Spanish-Jewish astronomer, historian and philosopher; born in Córdoba, Spain about 1110; who was said to have been killed for his religious beliefs in Toledo, Spain, about 1180. He is sometimes known by the abbreviation Rabad I or Ravad I or Ravaad I or Ra'avad I. His maternal grandfather was Isaac Albalia. Some scholars believe he was the Arabic-into-Latin translator known as ''Avendauth''. Works His chronicle, a work written in Hebrew in 1161 under the title of ''Sefer ha-Qabbalah'' (; some manuscripts give the title as ''Seder ha-Qabbalah'', i.e. the "Order of Tradition"), in which he fiercely attacked the contentions of Karaism and justified Rabbinic Judaism by the establishment of a chain of traditions from Moses to his own time, is replete with valuable general information, especially relating to the time of the Geonim and to the history of the Jews in Spain. In his book he attempted to explain how the pre-Inquisition Spanish Jewish communi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
