|
Ibn Abi Layla
Muhammad ibn Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Layla (; 693 – 765), also known as Ibn Abi Layla, was an early Muslim jurist who served as the ''qadi'' (judge) of Kufa from until his death. Considered to be one of the leading figures of the ''ahl al-ra'y'', he was a contemporary of fellow Kufan jurist Abu Hanifa, the eponym of the Hanafi school of law. Biography Ibn Abi Layla was born in 693 to a scholarly family. His father, Abd al-Rahman, who died when Ibn Abi Layla was young, was a prominent Kufan '' tabi'i'' who fought alongside Ali at the Battle of the Camel and participated in the revolt of Ibn al-Ash'ath; his grandfather, Abu Layla, was a companion of Muhammad. Ibn Abi Layla's principal teachers of ''fiqh'' were al-Sha'bi and , and for some time he audited the lectures of Ata ibn Abi Rabah. He was appointed as the ''qadi'' of Kufa by the Umayyads, although exactly when is uncertain; 733 and 741 have been suggested as possible years. His students included al-Kisa'i, Waki' ibn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qadi
A qadi (; ) is the magistrate or judge of a Sharia court, who also exercises extrajudicial functions such as mediation, guardianship over orphans and minors, and supervision and auditing of public works. History The term '' was in use from the time of Muhammad during the early history of Islam, and remained the term used for judges throughout Islamic history and the period of the caliphates. While the and played the role in elucidation of the principles of Islamic jurisprudence () and the Islamic law (), the qadi remained the key person ensuring the establishment of justice on the basis of these very laws and rules. Thus, the qadi was chosen from amongst those who had mastered the sciences of jurisprudence and law. The office of qadi continued to be a very important one in every principality of the caliphates and sultanates of the various Muslim empires over the centuries. The rulers appointed a qadi in every region, town, and village for judicial and administrative cont ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Companions Of The Prophet
The Companions of the Prophet () were the Muslim disciples and followers of the Islamic prophet Muhammad who saw or met him during his lifetime. The companions played a major role in Muslim battles, society, hadith narration, and governance during and after the life of Muhammad. The era of the companions began following the death of Muhammad in 632 CE, and ended in 110 AH (728 CE) when the last companion Abu al-Tufayl died. Later Islamic scholars accepted their testimony of the words and deeds of Muhammad, the occasions on which the Quran was revealed and other important matters in Islamic history and practice. The testimony of the companions, as it was passed down through trusted chains of narrators ('' asānīd''), was the basis of the developing Islamic tradition. From the traditions (''hadith'') of the life of Muhammad and his companions are drawn the Muslim way of life (''sunnah''), the code of conduct (''sharia'') it requires, and Islamic jurisprudence (''fiqh''). ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
693 Births
__NOTOC__ Year 693 ( DCXCIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 693 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Europe * Sisebert, archbishop of Toledo, leads a rebellion against King Ergica of the Visigoths. He plans to assassinate Ergica and his wife Liuvigoto but fails, and is defrocked and excommunicated. * April 25 – Sixteenth Council of Toledo: Ergica calls for a council of the church to deal with the security of the kingship. The rebels are anathematised and the '' Forum ludicum'' is modified. Britain * King Oshere of Hwicce (sub-kingdom of Mercia) dies after a 13-year reign. He is succeeded by his four sons as apparent joint-kings: Æthelberht, Æthelheard, Æthelweard and Æthelric. * King Ine of Wessex establishes his West Saxon "Law of Codes", to regain authority in his kingdo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
8th-century Arab People
The 8th century is the period from 701 (represented by the Roman numerals DCCI) through 800 (DCCC) in accordance with the Julian Calendar. In the historiography of Europe the phrase the long 8th century is sometimes used to refer to the period of circa AD 660–820. The coast of North Africa and the Iberian Peninsula quickly came under Islamic Arab domination. The westward expansion of the Umayyad Empire was famously halted at the siege of Constantinople by the Byzantine Empire and the Battle of Tours by the Franks. The tide of Arab conquest came to an end in the middle of the 8th century.Roberts, J., '' History of the World'', Penguin, 1994. In Europe, late in the century, the Vikings, seafaring peoples from Scandinavia, begin raiding the coasts of Europe and the Mediterranean, and go on to found several important kingdoms. In Asia, the Pala Empire is founded in Bengal. The Tang dynasty reaches its pinnacle under Chinese Emperor Xuanzong. The Nara period begins in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harald Motzki
Harald Motzki (1948–2019) was a German-trained Islamic scholar who wrote on the transmission of hadith. He received his doctorate in Islamic Studies in 1978 from the University of Bonn. He was a professor of Islamic Studies at Nijmegen University (Radboud Universitet Nijmegen) in the Netherlands. Motzki had been called by fellow scholar of Islam, Christopher Melchert, "the undisputed dean of hadith studies". Motzki died on February 8, 2019. See also *Islamic scholars In Islam, the ''ulama'' ( ; also spelled ''ulema''; ; singular ; feminine singular , plural ) are scholars of Islamic doctrine and law. They are considered the guardians, transmitters, and interpreters of religious knowledge in Islam. "Ulama ... * History of Hadith References Bibliography *''Reconstruction of a Source of Ibn Isḥāq’s Life of The Prophet and Early Qurʾān Exegesis'' (2017), Georgias Press. *''Analyzing Muslim Traditions: Studies in Legal, Exegetical and Maghazi Hadith'' (2009) ith N ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hadith
Hadith is the Arabic word for a 'report' or an 'account f an event and refers to the Islamic oral tradition of anecdotes containing the purported words, actions, and the silent approvals of the Islamic prophet Muhammad or his immediate circle ( companions in Sunni Islam, Ahl al-Bayt in Shiite Islam). Each hadith is associated with a chain of narrators ()—a lineage of people who reportedly heard and repeated the hadith from which the source of the hadith can be traced. The authentication of hadith became a significant discipline, focusing on the ''isnad'' (chain of narrators) and '' matn'' (main text of the report). This process aimed to address contradictions and questionable statements within certain narrations. Beginning one or two centuries after Muhammad's death, Islamic scholars, known as muhaddiths, compiled hadith into distinct collections that survive in the historical works of writers from the second and third centuries of the Muslim era ( 700−1000 CE). For ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abu Yusuf
Ya'qub ibn Ibrahim al-Ansari (), better known as Abu Yusuf () (729–798) was an Islamic jurist, as well as a student of Abu Hanifa (d.767) and Malik ibn Anas (d.795), who helped spread the influence of the Hanafi school of Islamic law, and was notable for having introduced the Maliki-like position of Urf being a valid source of sunnah, that could overrule literary traditions. Biography Abu Yusuf lived in Kufa and Baghdad, in what is now Iraq, during the 8th century. His genealogy has been traced back to Sa'd ibn Habta, a youth in Medina in the time of the Prophet, and his birth date is estimated based on the date of his death to be around 113/729CE. Based on anecdotal stories, Abu Yusuf was raised poor but with a ferocious appetite for knowledge. His mother disapproved of his academic desires, insisting that he master some trade (the art of tailoring, according to some source) so as to help make ends meet. While it cannot be fully verified, stories suggest that he complie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Shafi'i
Al-Shafi'i (; ;767–820 CE) was a Muslim scholar, jurist, muhaddith, traditionist, theologian, ascetic, and eponym of the Shafi'i school of Sunni Islamic jurisprudence. He is known to be the first to write a book upon the principles of Islamic jurisprudence, having authored one of the earliest work on the subject: '' al-Risala''. His legacy and teaching on the matter provided it with a systematic form, thereby "fundamentally influencing the succeeding generations which are under his direct and obvious impact," and "beginning a new phase of the development of legal theory." Being born in Gaza, Palestine, to the Banu Muttalib clan of the Quraysh tribe, he relocated at the age of two and was raised in Mecca. He later resided in Medina, Yemen, Baghdad in Iraq, and Egypt, and also served as a judge for some time in Najran. Introduction The biography of al-Shafi'i is difficult to trace. It was said Dawud al-Zahiri (d. 884 CE) was the first to write one, but the work ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sufyan Ibn ʽUyaynah
Abū Muḥammad Sufyān ibn ʽUyaynah ibn Maymūn al-Hilālī al-Kūfī () (725 – ) was a prominent eighth-century Islamic religious scholar from Mecca. He was from the third generation of Islam referred to as the Tabi' al-Tabi'in, "the followers of the followers". He specialized in the field of hadith and Tafsir, Quran exegesis and was described by al-Dhahabi as Shaykh al-Islām, Shaykh al-Islam—a preeminent Islamic authority. Some of his students achieved much renown in their own right, establishing Madhhab, schools of thought that have survived until the present. Biography Ibn ʽUyaynah's father, ʽUyaynah ibn Abī ʻImrān, was originally from Kufa in present day Iraq where he was a governor for Khālid ibn ʻAbdillāh al-Qasrī. However, when al-Qasrī was removed from his position his successor sought out his governors causing ʽUyaynah to flee to Mecca where he then settled. Ibn ʽUyaynah was born in the year 725-6 CE/107 AH. He was the client (mawla, ''mawlā'') of M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Waki' Ibn Al-Jarrah
Abū Sufyān Wakīʿ ibn al-Jarrāḥ ibn Malīḥ al-Ruʾāsī al-Kilābī al-Kufī (745/47–812) was a prominent hadith scholar based in Kufa. He was one of the principal teachers of the major Sunni Muslim jurist Ahmad ibn Hanbal. Origins Waki was born in Kufa, or in the village of Ustuwa near Nishapur, in 128/129 AH (745–747 CE). His father al-Jarrah ibn Malih belonged to the Ubayd ibn Ru'as clan of the Banu Kilab tribe and was born in Soghdia, while his mother, a daughter of Amra ibn Shaddad ibn Thawr of the same clan, was born in Bukhara; the Ubayd ibn Ru'as had been settled in Kufa following the Muslim conquest of Iraq in the 630s. The family was well off and al-Jarrah was the supervisor of the ''bayt al-darb'' (mint) at Rayy, before being appointed head of the ''bayt al-mal'' (treasury) in Baghdad under the Abbasid caliph Harun al-Rashid (). Career Schooled in the Islamic religious sciences, especially the hadith (traditions attributed to the Islamic prophet Muhammad), W ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Kisa'i
Al-Kisā’ī () Abū al-Ḥasan ‘Alī ibn Ḥamzah ibn ‘Abd Allāh ibn ‘Uthman (), called Bahman ibn Fīrūz (), surnamed Abū ‘Abd Allāh (), and Abū al-Ḥasan ‘Alī ibn Hamzah of al-Kūfah ( d. ca. 804 or 812) was preceptor to the sons of caliph Hārūn al-Rashīd and one of the ‘Seven Readers’ of the seven canonical Qira'at.Muhammad Ghoniem and MSM SaifullahThe Ten Readers & Their Transmitters (c) Islamic Awareness. Updated January 8, 2002; accessed April 11, 2016. He was a Persian and founded the Kufi school of Arabic grammar, the rival philology school to the Basri school founded by Sibawayh. Life A Persian born in al-Kūfah, he learned grammar from al-Ru’āsī and a group of other scholars. It is said that al-Kisā’ī took this moniker from the particular kind of mantle he wore called a kisā’. Al-Kisā’ī entered the court of the Abbāsid caliph Hārūn al-Rashīd at Baghdād as tutor to the two princes, al-Ma’mūn and al-Amīn. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
İslâm Ansiklopedisi
The (İA) () is a Turkish academic encyclopedia for Islamic studies published by Presidency of Religious Affairs. History The decision to begin the encyclopedia project was made at the 1st Turkish Publications Congress in Ankara on 2–5 May 1939. In response to this Congress, the Turkish Minister of National Education Hasan Âli Yücel sent a letter dated 9 May 1939 to the rector of Istanbul University requesting that the Encyclopaedia of Islam be translated into Turkish. The project was initially led by , Dean of the Faculty of Letters of Istanbul University, but soon Abdülhak Adnan Adıvar was appointed leader of the project. The first fascicle of the Encyclopedia of Islam was published in December 1940. The project's first headquarters was in the Institute of Turkology's building, later used as the Istanbul University Professors' House. The headquarters was moved to Seyyid Hasan Pasha Madrasa in 1947. The encyclopedia was completed in 1987. Relationship with ''Ency ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
