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Iași Prison
Iași Prison is a prison located in Iași, Romania. From the mid-19th century until 1950, the main prison in Iași was located in the former monastic cells at Galata Monastery. The site was chosen because of its walls, seven meters high and crenellated. In the late 1920s, the military section from Galata was moved to the present prison building, which had been a grain and feed deposit. Prior to the 1944 coup d'état, both common criminals and political prisoners were held at Galata. Corneliu Zelea Codreanu spent seven months there in 1924–1925, awaiting trial for murder. Several other Iron Guard members were detained there, including Ion Moța. They complained about conditions inside: poor food, dirt, damp walls, cold and a wide variety of insects. Cadres of the banned Romanian Communist Party held there include Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej, Ion Niculi and Ilie Pintilie.Muraru, pp. 337-39 Between 1946 and 1948, twenty-four prisoners escaped, after which the number dropped sharply. M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iași
Iași ( , , ; also known by other #Etymology and names, alternative names), also referred to mostly historically as Jassy ( , ), is the Cities in Romania, third largest city in Romania and the seat of Iași County. Located in the historical region of Western Moldavia, Moldavia, it has traditionally been one of the leading centres of Romanian social, cultural, academic and artistic life. The city was the capital of the Principality of Moldavia from 1564 to 1859, then of the United Principalities from 1859 to 1862, and the capital of Kingdom of Romania, Romania from 1916 to 1918. Known as the Cultural Capital of Romania Iași is a symbol of Romanian history. Historian Nicolae Iorga stated that "there should be no Romanian who does not know of it". Still referred to as "The Moldavian Capital", Iași is the main economic and business centre of Romania's Moldavian region. In December 2018, Iași was officially declared the Historical Capital of Romania. At the 2021 Romanian censu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Securitate
The Department of State Security (), commonly known as the Securitate (, ), was the secret police agency of the Socialist Republic of Romania. It was founded on 30 August 1948 from the '' Siguranța'' with help and direction from the Soviet MGB. The Securitate was, in proportion to Romania's population, one of the largest secret police forces in the Eastern bloc. The first budget of the Securitate in 1948 stipulated a number of 4,641 positions, of which 3,549 were filled by February 1949: 64% were workers, 4% peasants, 28% clerks, 2% persons of unspecified origin, and 2% intellectuals. By 1951, the Securitate's staff had increased fivefold, while in January 1956, the Securitate had 25,468 employees.Cristian Troncota"Securitatea: Începuturile", Magazin Istoric, 1998 At its height, the Securitate employed some 15,000 agents and almost half a million informants for a country with a population of 23 million by 1989. The Securitate under Nicolae Ceaușescu was one of the most br ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polirom
Polirom or Editura Polirom ("Polirom" Publishing House) is a Romanian publishing house with a tradition of publishing classics of international literature and also various titles in the fields of social sciences, such as psychology, sociology, and anthropology. The company was founded in February 1995 in Iași. The first title published by Polirom was ''For Europe'', by Adrian Marino. As of 2023, Polirom has published about 8,300 titles, in over 60 series and collections, amounting to 13 million copies in all. The editorial profile includes both fiction (35%) and nonfiction (65%). In 2008, the company published 700 new titles, in a range of over 70 collections ranging from self-help to modern classics such as Robert Musil's ''The Man Without Qualities'' and from textbooks to "chick lit". [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Romanian Anti-communist Resistance Movement
The Romanian anti-communist resistance movement began in 1944 as Soviet troops entered Romania and was active from the late 1940s to the mid-1950s, with isolated individual fighters remaining at large until the early 1960s. Armed resistance was the first and most structured form of resistance against the Romanian People's Republic, which in turn regarded the fighters as "bandits". It was not until the overthrow of Nicolae Ceaușescu in late 1989 that details about what was called "anti-communist armed resistance" were made public. It was only then that the public learned about the several small armed groups, which sometimes termed themselves "hajduks", that had taken refuge in the Carpathian Mountains, where some hid for ten years from authorities. The last fighter was eliminated in the mountains of Banat in 1962. The Romanian resistance was one of the longest lasting armed movements in the former Eastern Bloc. Some academics argue that the extent and influence of the movement ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antonie Plămădeală
Antonie Plămădeală (; 17 November 1926 in Stolniceni, Lăpușna County, Bessarabia, Kingdom of Romania – 29 August 2005 in Sibiu) was a high-level hierarch of the Romanian Orthodox Church The Romanian Orthodox Church (ROC; , ), or Romanian Patriarchate, is an autocephalous Eastern Orthodox church in full communion with other Eastern Orthodox Christian denomination, Christian churches, and one of the nine patriarchates in the East ..., the Orthodox Metropolitan of Transylvania (1982–2005). Born Leonida Plămădeală, he received the name of Antonie when he was tonsured a monk in 1948. He was friends with the Romanian philosopher Constantin Noica, and spoke at his funeral. References Romanian Orthodox metropolitan bishops Honorary members of the Romanian Academy People from Hîncești District 1926 births 2005 deaths {{Romania-bio-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Corneliu Baba
Corneliu Baba (; 18 November 1906, Craiova – 28 December 1997) was a Romanian painter, primarily a portraitist, but also known as a genre painter and an illustrator of books. Early life Having first studied under his father, the academic painter Gheorghe Baba, Baba studied briefly at the National School of Fine Arts in Bucharest, but did not receive a degree. His first public exhibition was in 1934 in the spa town of Băile Herculane; this led to his studying later that year under Nicolae Tonitza in Iași, finally receiving a diploma in Fine Arts from the Iași Academy of Fine Arts in 1938, where he was named assistant to the Chair of Painting in 1939 and a Professor of Painting in 1946. Shortly after his 1948 official debut with a painting called ''The Chess Player'' at the Art Salon in Bucharest, he was arrested and briefly imprisoned in Galata Prison in Iași. The following year he was suspended without explanation from his faculty position and moved from Iași to Buchar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suceava Prison
Suceava Prison was a prison located in Suceava, Romania. The prison dates to 1880, during the Austro-Hungarian period, and occupied the same building as the courthouse. A chapel was once located in the middle of the prison. Prisoners took part in services, and in 1941-1944 were joined by Iron Guard detainees, many of whom were priests. From 1944 to 1948, priests from outside the prison were brought in to officiate. In 1948, the new communist regime closed the chapel. The room was used as storage space for prisoners until 1955, thereafter for guards. Until 1941, prisoners were housed on the ground and two upper floors. That year, isolation cells were opened in the basement; these were sealed in 1945. Until 1944, the prison held common criminals, Iron Guardists and, on the second floor, sympathizers of the banned Romanian Communist Party. Beginning in 1945, the common criminals held at Suceava were those considered dangerous, such as murderers. The building's architecture made escape ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Botoșani Prison
Botoșani Prison () is a prison located in Botoșani, Romania. History Old building A house of correction first existed in Botoșani as early as 1832. The first dedicated prison was established in 1879 near the courthouse. Built of brick on a stone foundation, it was originally a ''boyar'' residence. It had a capacity of 359 detainees, with an average of around 300. Until 1944, common criminals with sentences of up to six months were held there. Peasants arrested during the 1907 revolt were also sent there. According to a 1967 text, food was scarce and conditions harsh, including corporal punishment and shackles for prisoners working outside the walls. Members of the Iron Guard served time at Botoșani, including several who were executed in September 1939, following the assassination of Armand Călinescu; their skeletons were discovered in 1963.Muraru, pp. 151-56 From 1944 to 1952, under the nascent communist regime, Botoșani held political prisoners and common criminals; only ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ilie Pintilie
Ilie Pintilie (1903 – 10 November 1940) was a Romanian communist railroad worker and activist of the Romanian Communist Party (PCR). Born in Iași, Pintilie joined the labour movement as an apprentice at the CFR workrooms in Nicolina-Iași, and became a member of the then-outlawed PCR in 1926. In February 1933, as the Grivița Strike unfolded in Bucharest, he took part in organising railway strikes elsewhere (particularly in Iași and Pașcani) as a member of the national action committee. Between 1934 and 1937 he undertook important tasks in the leadership of CFR unions and was an active member of the anti-war movement, writing numerous articles in left-wing newspapers and magazines. In 1936 he became a member of the Central Committee of the PCR. Arrested, tried and sent to prison several times for his activities, he was detained at Galata (Iași), Suceava, and Jilava prisons before being sent to Doftana Prison. There, as an ethnic Romanian and a worker, he was the only ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Galata Monastery
The Galata Monastery () is a Romanian Orthodox monastery for nuns, founded at the end of the sixteenth century by Moldavian Voivode Petru Șchiopul, in the west of Iași, Romania. The monastery is located on the top of Galata Hill and can be easily observed from different locations of Iași. The church, surrounded by walls with loopholes and provided with a bell tower at the entrance, looks like a fortress, often serving as a place of defense and sometimes as a royal residence. Near the church on the hill are places that provide panoramic views over the city. The Galata Monastery is listed in the National Register of Historic Monuments and consists of the following four buildings: * Church "Resurrection" – dating from the period 1582–1583. * Prince's Palace – dating back to 1726–1728. * The bell tower – dating back to 1584. * The fortified wall – dating from 1584. History Galata from the Valley (Galata din Vale) Before building the existing monastery, Voivode ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ion Niculi
Ion Niculi (January 25, 1887 – July 31, 1979), Romanian communist politician, served as vice president of the Presidium of the Romanian People's Republic (1947–1948). Underground activist Niculi was born in Iași to a working-class family. Early on he started as an apprentice, then becoming a typographer. Starting in 1912 he actively joined the labour movement, participating in many work-related actions by Iași typographers and textile workers. In 1921, he joined the newly founded Romanian Communist Party (PCR), that was banned in 1924. Between 1923 and 1931, he served as secretary of the local workers' commission in Iași, affiliated with the General Council of Unitary Romanian Trade Unions. In this capacity, he represented Iași workers at congresses in Sibiu, Cluj, and Timișoara. Between 1925 and 1933, he was active in the Workers and Peasants' Bloc, as well as in other organisations founded and run by the PCR. He had an important role in the demonstrations at the I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej
Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej (; 8 November 1901 – 19 March 1965) was a Romanian politician. He was the first Socialist Republic of Romania, Communist leader of Romania from 1947 to 1965, serving as first secretary of the Romanian Communist Party (ultimately "Romanian Workers' Party", PMR) from 1944 to 1954 and from 1955 to 1965, and as the first Communist Prime Minister of Romania from 1952 to 1955. Born in Bârlad (1901), Gheorghiu-Dej was involved in the communist movement's activities from the early 1930s. Upon the outbreak of World War II in Europe, he was imprisoned by Ion Antonescu's regime in the Târgu Jiu internment camp, and escaped only in August 1944. After the forces of King of Romania, King Michael I of Romania, Michael ousted Antonescu and had him arrested for war crimes, Gheorghiu-Dej together with prime-minister Petru Groza pressured the King into abdicating in December 1947, marking the onset of out-and-out Communist rule in Romania. Under his rule, Romania was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
