|
I. Howard Marshall
Ian Howard Marshall (12 January 1934 – 12 December 2015) was a Scottish New Testament scholar. He was Professor of New Testament Exegesis at the University of Aberdeen, Scotland. He was formerly the chair of the Tyndale Fellowship for Biblical and Theological Research; he was also president of the British New Testament Society and chair of the Fellowship of European Evangelical Theologians. Marshall identified as an Evangelical Methodist. He was the author of numerous publications, including 2005 Gold Medallion Book Award winner '' New Testament Theology''. Biography Personal life Marshall was born on 12 January 1934. He was the son of Ernest Ewart Marshall and Ethel Marshall (née Curran). Marshall married Joyce Elizabeth Proudfoot in 1961 and had four children. She died in 1996. In 2011, Marshall married Dr. Maureen Wing Sheung Yeung, former president of Evangel Seminary, Hong Kong. Marshall died of pancreatic cancer in 2015. Education * DD, Asbury University * MA, B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Aberdeen
The University of Aberdeen (abbreviated ''Aberd.'' in List of post-nominal letters (United Kingdom), post-nominals; ) is a public university, public research university in Aberdeen, Scotland. It was founded in 1495 when William Elphinstone, Bishop of Aberdeen and Chancellor of Scotland, petitioned Pope Alexander VI on behalf of James IV, King of Scots to establish King's College, Aberdeen, King's College, making it one of Scotland's four Ancient universities of Scotland, ancient universities and the List of oldest universities in continuous operation, fifth-oldest university in the English-speaking world. Along with the universities of University of St Andrews, St Andrews, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, and University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, the university was part of the Scottish Enlightenment during the 18th century. The university as it is currently constituted was formed in 1860 by a merger between King's College, Aberdeen, King's College and Marischal College, a second un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acts Of The Apostles
The Acts of the Apostles (, ''Práxeis Apostólōn''; ) is the fifth book of the New Testament; it tells of the founding of the Christian Church and the spread of The gospel, its message to the Roman Empire. Acts and the Gospel of Luke make up a two-part work, Luke–Acts, by the same anonymous author. Traditionally, the author is believed to be Luke the Evangelist, a doctor who travelled with Paul the Apostle. It is usually dated to around 80–90 AD, although some scholars suggest 110–120 AD.Tyson, Joseph B., (April 2011)"When and Why Was the Acts of the Apostles Written?" in: The Bible and Interpretation: "...A growing number of scholars prefer a late date for the composition of Acts, i.e., c. 110–120 CE. Three factors support such a date. First, Acts seems to be unknown before the last half of the second century. Second, compelling arguments can be made that the author of Acts was acquainted with some materials written by Josephus, who completed his Antiquities of the J ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apostasy In Christianity
Apostasy in Christianity is the abandonment or renunciation of Christianity by someone who formerly was a Christian. The term apostasy comes from the Greek word ''apostasia'' (" ἀποστασία") meaning "rebellion", "state of apostasy", "abandonment", or "defection". It has been described as "a willful falling away from, or rebellion against, Christianity. Apostasy is the rejection of Christ by one who has been a Christian. …" "Apostasy is a theological category describing those who have voluntarily and consciously abandoned their faith in the God of the covenant, who manifests himself most completely in Jesus Christ." "Apostasy is the antonym of conversion; it is deconversion."Paul W. Barnett, ''Dictionary of the Later New Testament and its Developments,'' "Apostasy," 73. B. J. Oropeza, who has written one of the most exhaustive studies on the phenomenon of apostasy in the New Testament (3 Volumes, 793 pages), "uncovered several factors that result in apostasy."Oropeza, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Penal Substitution
Penal substitution, also called penal substitutionary atonement and especially in older writings forensic theory,Vincent Taylor (theologian), Vincent Taylor, ''The Cross of Christ'' (London: Macmillan & Co, 1956), pp. 71–72: '...the ''four main types'', which have persisted throughout the centuries. The oldest theory is the ''Ransom Theory''...It held sway for a thousand years. ... The ''Forensic Theory'' is that of the Reformers and their successors.' is a theory of the Atonement in Christianity, atonement within Protestantism, Protestant Christian theology, which declares that Christ, voluntarily submitting to God the Father's plan, was punished (penalized) in the place of (substitution) sinners, thus Atonement (satisfaction view), satisfying the demands of justice and propitiation, so God can justly forgive sins making us at one with God (atonement). It began with the German Reformation leader Martin Luther and continued to develop within the Calvinism, Calvinist traditionJ. I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unlimited Atonement
Unlimited atonement (sometimes called general atonement or universal atonement) is a doctrine in Protestant Christianity that states Jesus died as a propitiation for the benefit of all humans without exception. It is normally associated with Amyraldism (four-point Calvinism), as well as Arminianism and other non-Calvinist traditions. It is a doctrine distinct from other elements of the Calvinist acronym TULIP and is contrary to the Calvinist doctrine of limited atonement. A doctrinal issue that divides Christians is the question of the extent of the atonement. This question typically goes as follows: "Did Christ bear the sins of the elect alone on the cross, or did his death expiate the sins of all human beings?" Those who take this view read scriptures such as John 3:16; ; ; ; to say that the Bible teaches ''unlimited'' atonement. Historical background In response to the Remonstrants' Five articles of Remonstrance, the Synod of Dort published the Canons of Dort whi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jacobus Arminius
Jacobus Arminius (; Dutch language, Dutch: ''Jakob Hermanszoon'' ; 10 October 1560 – 19 October 1609) was a Dutch Reformed Christianity, Reformed minister and Christian theology, theologian during the Protestant Reformation period whose views became the basis of Arminianism and the Dutch Remonstrants, Remonstrant movement. He served from 1603 as professor in theology at the University of Leiden and wrote many books and treatises on theology. Following his death, his challenge to the Reformed standard, the ''Belgic Confession'', provoked ample discussion at the Synod of Dort, which crafted the five points of Calvinism in response to Arminius's teaching. Early life Jakob Hermanszoon was born in 1559 or 1560 in Oudewater, Utrecht (province), Utrecht, Netherlands. He became an orphan while still young. His father Herman, a manufacturer of weapons, died, leaving his wife a widow with small children. He never knew his father, and his mother was killed during the Siege of Oudewat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arminianism
Arminianism is a movement of Protestantism initiated in the early 17th century, based on the theological ideas of the Dutch Reformed theologian Jacobus Arminius and his historic supporters known as Remonstrants. Dutch Arminianism was originally articulated in the '' Remonstrance'' (1610), a theological statement submitted to the States General of the Netherlands. This expressed an attempt to moderate the doctrines of Calvinism related to its interpretation of predestination. Classical Arminianism, to which Arminius is the main contributor, and Wesleyan Arminianism, to which John Wesley is the main contributor, are the two main schools of thought. Central Arminian beliefs are that God's prevenient grace, which prepares regeneration, is universal and that His grace, allowing regeneration and ongoing sanctification, is resistible. Many Christian denominations have been influenced by Arminian views, notably the Baptists in the 17th century, the Methodists in the 18th centu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henry Chadwick (theologian)
Henry Chadwick (23 June 1920 – 17 June 2008) was a British academic, theologian and Church of England priest. A former dean of Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford – and as such, head of Christ Church, Oxford – he also served as master of Peterhouse, Cambridge. A leading historian of the early church, Chadwick was appointed Regius Professor at both the universities of Oxford and Cambridge. He was a noted supporter of improved relations with the Catholic Church, and a leading member of the Anglican–Roman Catholic International Commission. An accomplished musician, having studied music to degree level, he took a leading part in the revision and updating of hymnals widely used within Anglicanism, chairing the board of the publisher Hymns Ancient & Modern Ltd. for 20 years. Family and early life Born in Bromley, Kent, Chadwick was the son of a barrister (who died when Chadwick was five) and a music-loving mother. He had a number of accomplished siblings: Sir John Chadwick se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
George Albert Wells
George Albert Wells (22 May 1926 – 23 January 2017) was an English scholar who served as Professor of German at Birkbeck, University of London. After writing books about famous European intellectuals, such as Johann Gottfried Herder and Franz Grillparzer, he turned to the study of the historicity of Jesus, starting with his book ''The Jesus of the Early Christians'' in 1971. He is best known as an advocate of the thesis that Jesus is essentially a mythical rather than a historical figure, a theory that was pioneered by German biblical scholars such as Bruno Bauer and Arthur Drews. From the late 1990s, Wells said that the hypothetical Q document, which is proposed as a source used in some of the gospels, may "contain a core of reminiscences" of an itinerant Galilean miracle-worker/ Cynic-sage type preacher. This new stance has been interpreted as Wells changing his position to accept the existence of a historical Jesus. In 2003, Wells stated that he disagreed with Rober ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Evidence
Evidence is anything presented as proof of an assertion. Evidence may also refer to: * Scientific evidence * Evidence (law), which governs testimony and exhibits presented in a case Music Artists * Evidence (musician) (born 1976), a member of hip hop group Dilated Peoples * The Evidence (band), a progressive-punk power-trio from Canada Albums * ''Evidence'' (Steve Lacy album), 1962 * ''Evidence'' (Mal Waldron album), 1988 * ''Evidence'' (Vincent Herring album), 1991 * ''Evidence'' (The Angels album), 1994 * ''Evidence'', an album by Karmacoda, 2003 * ''Evidence'' (Prime Circle album), 2012 Songs * "Evidence" (Faith No More song), 1995 * "Evidence" (Josh Baldwin song), 2020 * "Evidence" (Mia Wray song), 2022 * "Evidence", a song by Everlife from the 2004 album ''Everlife'' * "Evidence", a song by Marilyn Manson from the 2007 album ''Eat Me, Drink Me'' * "Evidence", a song by Tara MacLean from the 1995 album ''Silence'' * "Evidence", a song by Thelonious Monk from the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christ Myth Theory
The Christ myth theory, also known as the Jesus myth theory, Jesus mythicism, or the Jesus ahistoricity theory, is the fringe view that the story of Jesus is a work of mythology with no historical substance. Alternatively, in terms given by Bart Ehrman paraphrasing Earl Doherty, it is the view that "the historical Jesus did not exist. Or if he did, he had virtually nothing to do with the Origins of Christianity, founding of Christianity." The mainstream scholarly consensus, developed in the Quest for the historical Jesus, three quests for the historical Jesus, holds that there was a historical Jesus of Nazareth who lived in first-century AD Roman Judea,"He certainly existed, as virtually every competent scholar of antiquity, Christian or non-Christian, agrees, based on certain and clear evidence." B. Ehrman, 2011 ''Forged : writing in the name of God'' . p. 256-257 but his Baptism of Jesus, baptism and Crucifixion of Jesus, crucifixion are the only facts of his life about w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The New Testament In The Original Greek
''The New Testament in the Original Greek'' is a Greek-language version of the New Testament published in 1881. It is also known as the Westcott and Hort text, after its editors Brooke Foss Westcott (1825–1901) and Fenton John Anthony Hort (1828–1892). Textual scholars use the abbreviations "WH" or "WHNU".BibleGateway.com1881 Westcott-Hort New Testament (WHNU) accessed 26 June 2021 It is a critical text, compiled from some of the oldest New Testament fragments and texts that had been discovered at the time. Westcott and Hort state: "t isour belief that even among the numerous unquestionably spurious readings of the New Testament there are no signs of deliberate falsification of the text for dogmatic purposes." They find that without orthographic differences, doubtful textual variants exist only in one sixtieth of the whole New Testament (with most of them being comparatively trivial variations), with the substantial variations forming hardly more than one thousandth of the ent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
