Hyrcanus (other)
Hyrcanus may refer to * John Hyrcanus, Jewish High Priest, 134–104 BCE * Hyrcanus II, King of Judea, 67–66 BCE * Eliezer ben Hurcanus or Hyrcanus, prominent sage in Judea in the 1st and 2nd centuries CE * Hyrcanus, the son of Tobias, one of the Jewish Tobiads of the 2nd century BCE See also *Hyrcania (other) Hyrcania or Hyrkania may refer to : ;Geography *Hyrcania, a historical region south-east of the Caspian Sea in modern-day Iran ** Hyrcanian civilization ** Hyrcanian Ocean, the Caspian Sea **Hyrcanian forests, a large forest zone on the southern ...

John Hyrcanus
John Hyrcanus (; ; ) was a Hasmonean (Maccabee, Maccabean) leader and Jewish High Priest of Israel of the 2nd century BCE (born 164 BCE, reigned from 134 BCE until he died in 104 BCE). In rabbinic literature he is often referred to as ''Yoḥanan Cohen Gadol'' (), "John the High Priest". Name Josephus explains in ''The Jewish War'' that John was also known as "Hyrcanus" but does not explain the reason behind this name. The only other primary sources—the Books of the Maccabees—never used this name for John. The single occurrence of the name ''Hyrcanus'' in 2 Maccabees 3:11 refers to a man to whom some of the money in the Temple belonged during the c. 178 BCE visit of Heliodorus (minister), Heliodorus. The reason for the name is disputed amongst biblical scholars, with a variety of reasons proposed: * Familial origin in the region of Hyrcania on the Caspian Sea * A Greek regnal name, which would have represented closer ties with the Hellenistic period, Hellenistic culture agai ...
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Hyrcanus II
John Hyrcanus II (, ''Yohanan Hurqanos''; died 30 BCE), a member of the Hasmonean dynasty, was for a long time the Jewish High Priest in the 1st century BCE. He was also briefly King of Judea 67–66 BCE and then the ethnarch (ruler) of Judea, probably over the period 47–40 BCE. Accession Hyrcanus was the eldest son of Alexander Jannaeus, King and High Priest, and Alexandra Salome. After the death of Alexander in 76 BCE, his widow succeeded to the rule of Judea and installed her elder son Hyrcanus as High Priest. Alexander had numerous conflicts with the Pharisees. However, Hyrcanus was supported by the Pharisees, especially later in his tenure. When Salome died in 67 BCE, she named Hyrcanus as her successor as ruler of Judea as well, but soon he and his younger brother, Aristobulus II, began fighting over who had the right to the throne. Deposition Hyrcanus had scarcely reigned three months when Aristobulus II rose in rebellion. Hyrcanus advanced against him at t ...
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Eliezer Ben Hurcanus
Eliezer ben Hurcanus (or Hyrcanus) () was one of the most prominent Judean ''tannaitic'' Sages of 1st- and 2nd-century Judaism, a disciple of Rabban Yohanan ben Zakkai, Avot of Rabbi Natan 14:5 and a colleague of Gamaliel II (whose sister, Ima Shalom, he married) and Joshua ben Hananiah.''Pirkei Abot'' 2:8 He is the sixth most frequently mentioned Sage in the Mishnah. Biography Introduction to Torah Hyrcanus was a member of the Jewish priestly class, the '' kohanim''. His earlier years are known only through legend; it may be inferred that he was somewhat older when a desire to study Torah first compelled him—contrary to the wishes of his father—to desert his regular occupation and depart for Jerusalem to devote himself to his studies. In Jerusalem, he entered the academy of Rabban Yochanan ben Zakkai and for years studied diligently despite having to cope with great privations. It was said that sometimes, days elapsed during which he went without eating. Ben Zakka ...
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Tobiads
The Tobiads were a Jewish dynasty in Ammon with origins possibly rooted in the First Temple Period, both literary and archaeological evidence point to their prominence during the rule of the Ptolemaic dynasty and at the beginning of the Hasmonean period. They were philhellene, supporters of Hellenistic Judaism, in the early years of the 2nd century BCE. What is known about the Tobiads is a combination of references in the Zenon Papyri, accounts of Josephus (''Antiquities of the Jews'' xii. 160-236) and the Books of Maccabees. These are supplemented by biblical references, the letters from Nimrud, the Lachish letters, and archaeological remains of the Tobiad estate in Iraq al-Amir. History The Tobiad family, most probably named after their ancestor bearing the name Tuvia (Tobias) ("God is my good" or "Good is my God"), a name which remained in the family by papponymy and patronymy for several hundred years, received its noble status possibly during the First Temple P ...
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