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Hypsizygus
''Hypsizygus'' is a small genus of fungi that are widely distributed in north temperate regions. The genus was circumscribed by Rolf Singer in 1947. The common name for ''Hypsizygus ulmarius'' is the elm oyster mushroom. The genus contains the species '' H. tessellatus'', one of the shimeji mushrooms in Japanese cuisine. The ITS DNA barcode DNA barcoding is a method of species identification using a short section of DNA from a specific gene or genes. The premise of DNA barcoding is that by comparison with a reference library of such DNA sections (also called "sequences"), an indiv ... of these morphospecies are close enough to be considered the same species. References Lyophyllaceae Agaricales genera Taxa named by Rolf Singer {{Agaricales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hypsizygus Ulmarius
''Hypsizygus ulmarius'', also known as the elm oyster mushroom, and less commonly as the elm leech, elm ''Pleurotus'', is an edible fungus. It has often been confused with oyster mushrooms in the '' Pleurotus'' genus but can be differentiated easily as the gills are either not decurrent or not deeply decurrent. While not quite as common as true oyster mushrooms, they have a wide range globally in temperate forests. The mushrooms and vegetative hyphae of this species have been studied in recent years for their potential benefits to human health, and mycoremediation. Taxonomy and phylogeny The taxonomic name of ''H. ulmarius'' means both “high up” (''Hypsi''-) and “yoke” (-''zygus''), referring to where the mushroom can be found attached to its host tree. The species name refers to elm (''Ulmus'' spp.), a tree the fungus commonly grows on. This species was first described in 1791 as ''Agaricus ulmarius'' by Jean Baptiste Francois Pierre Bulliard, a French physician and b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hypsizygus Marmoreus
''Hypsizygus tessulatus'', the beech mushroom, is an edible mushroom native to East Asia. It is cultivated locally in temperate climates in Europe, North America and Australia and sold fresh in super markets. In nature, these are gilled mushrooms that grow on wood. Most often the mushroom is found on beech trees, hence the common name. Cultivated versions are often small and thin in appearance and popular in many nations across the world. Two commercial variations, both originating from Japan, are known: * ''Buna-shimeji'' ( :ja:ブナシメジ), wild type brown coloration. Known as brown beech mushroom, beech mushroom, brown clamshell mushroom; * ''Bunapi-shimeji'' ( :ja:ブナピー) is a white UV-induced mutant of the former, known as white beech mushroom, white clamshell mushroom. The original strain is registered by Hokto Corporation. This fungus may be confused with '' Hypsizygus ulmarius'', which grows on elm. A radical alternative view based on ITS DNA barcoding is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hypsizygus Ligustri
''Hypsizygus'' is a small genus of fungi that are widely distributed in north temperate regions. The genus was circumscribed by Rolf Singer in 1947. The common name for ''Hypsizygus ulmarius'' is the elm oyster mushroom. The genus contains the species '' H. tessellatus'', one of the shimeji ''Shimeji'' ( Japanese: , or ) is a group of edible mushrooms native to East Asia, but also found in northern Europe. ''Hon-shimeji (Lyophyllum shimeji'') is a mycorrhizal fungus and difficult to cultivate. Other species are saprotrophs, an ... mushrooms in Japanese cuisine. The ITS DNA barcode of these morphospecies are close enough to be considered the same species. References Lyophyllaceae Agaricales genera Taxa named by Rolf Singer {{Agaricales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shimeji
''Shimeji'' ( Japanese: , or ) is a group of edible mushrooms native to East Asia, but also found in northern Europe. ''Hon-shimeji (Lyophyllum shimeji'') is a mycorrhizal fungus and difficult to cultivate. Other species are saprotrophs, and ''buna-shimeji'' ('' Hypsizygus tesselatus'') is now widely cultivated. ''Shimeji'' is rich in umami-tasting compounds such as guanylic acid, glutamic acid, and aspartic acid. Species Several species are sold as ''shimeji'' mushrooms. All are saprotrophic except ''Lyophyllum shimeji''. ;Mycorrhizal * ''Hon-shimeji'' (), ''Lyophyllum shimeji'' :The cultivation methods have been patented by several groups, such as Takara Bio and Yamasa, and the cultivated ''hon-shimeji'' is available from several manufacturers in Japan. ;Saprotrophic * ''Buna-shimeji'' (, lit. beech shimeji), '' Hypsizygus tessellatus'', also known in English as the brown beech or brown clamshell mushroom :''Hypsizygus marmoreus'' is a synonym of ''Hypsizygus tessel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lyophyllaceae
The Lyophyllaceae is a family of fungi in the order Agaricales. A 2008 estimate indicated eight genera and 157 species; , the Catalog of Life lists 13 genera in the family. Lyophyllaceae was circumscribed by mycologist Walter Jülich in 1981. Some species are popular as edible fungi, such as the brown beech mushroom '' Hypsizygus tessellatus'' and ''Lyophyllum shimeji''. Genera The family currently includes the following genera: *''Asterophora'' *''Blastosporella'' *''Calocybe'' *'' Calocybella'' *''Gerhardtia'' *'' Hypsizygus'' *''Lyophyllopsis'' *'' Lyophyllum'' *''Myochromella'' *''Ossicaulis'' *'' Rugosomyces'' *''Sagaranella'' *'' Tephrocybe'' *'' Tephrocybella'' *''Termitomyces'' *'' Termitosphaera'' See also *List of Agaricales families The Agaricales are an order of fungi in the class Agaricomycetes (division Basidiomycota). It is the largest group of mushroom-forming fungi, and includes more than 400 genera and over 13,000 species. Molecular phylogenetics analyses ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rolf Singer
Rolf Singer (June 23, 1906 – January 18, 1994) was a German-born mycologist and one of the most important taxonomists of gilled mushrooms (agarics) in the 20th century. After receiving his Ph.D. at the University of Vienna in 1931 he worked in Munich. By 1933, however, Singer left Germany for Vienna due to the political deterioration in Germany. There he met his wife, Martha Singer. From Vienna, Singer and his wife went to Barcelona, Spain, where Singer was appointed assistant professor at the Autonomous University of Barcelona. Persecution by the Spanish authorities on behalf of the German government forced Singer to leave Spain for France in 1934. After a fellowship at the Museum d'Histoire Naturelle in Paris, Singer again moved, this time to Leningrad, where he was Senior Scientific Expert at the Botanical Garden of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. During his time at the Academy, Singer made many expeditions to Siberia, the Altai Mountains, and Karelia. In 1941, Sin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean Baptiste François Pierre Bulliard
Jean Baptiste François Pierre Bulliard (also Pierre Bulliard; 24 November 1752, in Aubepierre-sur-Aube Haute-Marne – 26 September 1793, in Paris) was a French physician and botanist. Bulliard studied in Langres, where he became interested in natural history, and afterwards a position was obtained for him in the abbey in Clairvaux and later he moved to Paris where he study medicine. There he also practiced as a physician. He tutored the son of General Claude Dupin (1686-1769). He was an able draughtsman and also learnt to engrave. He invented a way of printing natural history plates in colour and used the method in his own publications. In 1779 he commenced a work on the poisonous plants of France. It was seized by the police on the grounds that it was a dangerous work. Bulliard's ''Dictionnaire Elémentaire de Botanique'' (1783) contributed to the spreading and consolidation of botanical terminology and the Linné system. It was especially important in the area of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus. :E.g. '' Panthera leo'' (lion) and '' Panthera onca'' (jaguar) are two species within the genus ''Panthera''. ''Panthera'' is a genus within the family Felidae. The composition of a genus is determined by taxonomists. The standards for genus classification are not strictly codified, so different authorities often produce different classifications for genera. There are some general practices used, however, including the idea that a newly defined genus should fulfill these three criteria to be descriptively useful: # monophyly – all descendants of an ancestral taxon are grouped together (i.e. phylogenetic analysis should c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fungi
A fungus (plural, : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of Eukaryote, eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and Mold (fungus), molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a Kingdom (biology), kingdom, separately from the other eukaryotic kingdoms, which by one traditional classification include Plantae, Animalia, Protozoa, and Chromista. A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Fungi, like animals, are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesize. Growth is their means of motility, mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water. Fungi are the principal decomposers in ecological systems. These and other differences place fungi in a single gro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Temperate
In geography, the temperate climates of Earth occur in the middle latitudes (23.5° to 66.5° N/S of Equator), which span between the tropics and the polar regions of Earth. These zones generally have wider temperature ranges throughout the year and more distinct seasonal changes compared to tropical climates, where such variations are often small and usually only have precipitation changes. In temperate climates, not only do latitudinal positions influence temperature changes, but sea currents, prevailing wind direction, continentality (how large a landmass is) and altitude also shape temperate climates. The Köppen climate classification defines a climate as "temperate" C, when the mean temperature is above but below in the coldest month to account for the persistency of frost. However, other climate classifications set the minimum at . Zones and climates The north temperate zone extends from the Tropic of Cancer (approximately 23.5° north latitude) to the Arctic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DNA Barcode
DNA barcoding is a method of species identification using a short section of DNA from a specific gene or genes. The premise of DNA barcoding is that by comparison with a reference library of such DNA sections (also called "sequences"), an individual sequence can be used to uniquely identify an organism to species, just as a supermarket scanner uses the familiar black stripes of the UPC barcode to identify an item in its stock against its reference database. These "barcodes" are sometimes used in an effort to identify unknown species or parts of an organism, simply to catalog as many taxa as possible, or to compare with traditional taxonomy in an effort to determine species boundaries. Different gene regions are used to identify the different organismal groups using barcoding. The most commonly used barcode region for animals and some protists is a portion of the cytochrome ''c'' oxidase I (COI or COX1) gene, found in mitochondrial DNA. Other genes suitable for DNA barcoding ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
