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Hymenochaetales
The Hymenochaetales are an order of fungi in the class Agaricomycetes. The order in its current sense is based on molecular research and not on any unifying morphological characteristics. According to one 2008 estimate, the Hymenochaetales contain around 600 species worldwide, mostly corticioid fungi and poroid fungi, but also including several clavarioid fungi and agarics. Species of economic importance include wood decay fungi in the genera '' Phellinus'' and ''Inonotus'' sensu lato, some of which may cause losses in forestry. Therapeutic properties are claimed for '' Inonotus obliquus'' ("chaga") and '' Phellinus linteus'', both of which are now commercially marketed. Taxonomy History The order was proposed in 1977 to recognize the family Hymenochaetaceae at a higher taxonomic rank. As originally conceived, species within the Hymenochaetales had several morphological features in common, notably brown or brownish basidiocarps (fruit bodies) that turn black in alkali, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agaricomycetes
The Agaricomycetes are a class of fungi in the division Basidiomycota. The taxon is roughly identical to that defined for the Homobasidiomycetes (alternatively called holobasidiomycetes) by Hibbett & Thorn, with the inclusion of Auriculariales and Sebacinales. It includes not only mushroom-forming fungi, but also most species placed in the deprecated taxa Gasteromycetes and Homobasidiomycetes. Within the subdivision Agaricomycotina, which already excludes the smut and rust fungi, the Agaricomycetes can be further defined by the exclusion of the classes Tremellomycetes and Dacrymycetes, which are generally considered to be jelly fungi. However, a few former "jelly fungi", such as '' Auricularia'', are classified in the Agaricomycetes. According to a 2008 estimate, Agaricomycetes include 17 orders, 100 families, 1147 genera, and about 21000 species. Modern molecular phylogenetic analyses have been since used to help define several new orders in the Agaricomycetes: Amyl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phellinus Linteus
''Tropicoporus linteus'' is a tropical American mushroom. Its former name ''Phellinus linteus'' is applied wider, including to an East Asian mushroom. Taxonomy ''Polyporus linteus'' was named by Miles Joseph Berkeley and Moses Ashley Curtis and first reported with specimen from Nicaragua in 1860. ''Phellinus linteus'' was a rename by Shu Chün Teng in 1963. It was renamed ''Tropicoporus linteus'' by Li-Wei Zhou and Yu-Cheng Dai in 2015. The following mushrooms are applied with the name ''Phellinus linteus'': Americas * ''Phellinus linteus'' per se, the tropical American species, now ''Tropicoporus linteus'' * In subtropical South America, ''Phellinus linteus'' on '' Cordia americana'' is actually '' Tropicoporus drechsleri''; specimens collected on other plant hosts require further studies. Asia * ''Phellinus linteus'' in East Asia Africa * ''Xanthochrous rudis'', an African species formerly regarded as a synonym of ''Phellinus linteus'', regained taxon independency and wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Schizoporaceae
Schizoporaceae are a family of fungi in the order Hymenochaetales. These are saprobic, and cause white rots of standing and fallen wood of coniferous and broadleaved trees. According to one 2008 estimate, the family contains 14 genera and 109 species. Genera *'' Alutaceodontia'' *'' Basidioradulum'' *'' Echinodia'' *'' Echinoporia'' *''Fibrodontia ''Fibrodontia'' is a genus of fungi in the Hydnodontaceae family. The widely distributed genus was circumscribed by Erast Parmasto in 1968. According to Index Fungorum, the type species In International_Code_of_Zoological_Nomenclature, zoolo ...'' *'' Lagarobasidium'' *'' Leucophellinus'' *'' Kneiffiella'' *'' Odontiopsis'' *'' Palifer'' *'' Paratrichaptum'' *'' Poriodontia'' *'' Rogersella'' *'' Schizopora'' *'' Xylodon'' References Hymenochaetales Basidiomycota families {{Agaricomycetes-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inonotus Tamaricis
''Inonotus tamaricis'' is a species of fungus in the family Hymenochaetaceae. A plant pathogen, it grows on dead and living ''Tamarix'' species, and is found in Southern Europe, North Africa, Syria and Senegal Senegal, officially the Republic of Senegal, is the westernmost country in West Africa, situated on the Atlantic Ocean coastline. It borders Mauritania to Mauritania–Senegal border, the north, Mali to Mali–Senegal border, the east, Guinea t ..., Southern Asia and east to China. References External links * Fungal tree pathogens and diseases tamaricis Fungi described in 1904 Fungi of Africa Fungi of Asia Fungi of Europe Fungus species {{fungus-tree-disease-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inonotus Obliquus
''Inonotus'' is a genus of fungi in the family Hymenochaetaceae. The genus, described by Petter Karsten Petter Adolf Karsten (16 February 1834 – 22 March 1917) was a Finnish mycologist, the foremost expert on the fungi of Finland in his day, and known in consequence as the "father of Finnish mycology". Karsten was born in Merimasku near Turku ... in 1879, is estimated to contain about 80 species '' sensu lato'' and 30 species '' sensu stricto'' (in the strict sense). The name comes from ''ino'' meaning ''fibrous'' and ''ot'' meaning ''ear''. Species *'' Inonotus acutus'' *'' Inonotus adnatus'' *'' Inonotus afromontanus'' *'' Inonotus albertinii'' *'' Inonotus amazonicus'' *'' Inonotus andersonii'' *'' Inonotus arizonicus'' *'' Inonotus australiensis'' *'' Inonotus austropusillus'' *'' Inonotus boninensis'' *'' Inonotus chihshanyenus'' *'' Inonotus chilanshanus'' *'' Inonotus chrysomarginatus'' *'' Inonotus clemensiae'' *'' Inonotus costaricensis'' *'' Inonotus crocitin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inonotus
''Inonotus'' is a genus of fungus, fungi in the family (biology), family Hymenochaetaceae. The genus, described by Petter Karsten in 1879, is estimated to contain about 80 species ''sensu lato'' and 30 species ''sensu stricto'' (in the strict sense). The name comes from ''ino'' meaning ''fibrous'' and ''ot'' meaning ''ear''. Species *''Inonotus acutus'' *''Inonotus adnatus'' *''Inonotus afromontanus'' *''Inonotus albertinii'' *''Inonotus amazonicus'' *''Inonotus andersonii'' *''Inonotus arizonicus'' *''Inonotus australiensis'' *''Inonotus austropusillus'' *''Inonotus boninensis'' *''Inonotus chihshanyenus'' *''Inonotus chilanshanus'' *''Inonotus chrysomarginatus'' *''Inonotus clemensiae'' *''Inonotus costaricensis'' *''Inonotus crocitinctus'' *''Inonotus cuticularis'' *''Inonotus dentatus'' *''Inonotus dentiporus'' *''Inonotus diverticuloseta'' *''Inonotus dryadeus'' *''Inonotus dryophilus'' *''Inonotus duostratosus'' *''Inonotus euphoriae'' *''Inonotus farlowii'' *''Inonotus fi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agarics
An agaric () is a type of fungal fruiting body characterized by the presence of a pileus (cap) that is clearly differentiated from the stipe (stalk), with lamellae (gills) on the underside of the pileus. It is a type of mushroom (or toadstool), the diverse group of agarics being lumped together as gilled mushrooms. "Agaric" can also refer more generally to any basidiomycete species characterized by an agaric-type fruiting body. Etymology Originally, agaric meant 'tree-fungus' (after Latin ''agaricum''); however, that changed with the Linnaean interpretation in 1753 when Linnaeus used the generic name ''Agaricus'' for gilled mushrooms. Taxonomy Most species of agarics belong to the order Agaricales in the subphylum Agaricomycotina. The exceptions, where agarics have evolved independently, feature largely in the orders Russulales, Boletales, Hymenochaetales, and several other groups of basidiomycetes. Old systems of classification placed all agarics in the Agaricales and som ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polypores
Polypores, also called bracket or shelf fungi, are a morphological group of basidiomycete-like gilled mushrooms and hydnoid fungi that form large fruiting bodies called conks, which are typically woody, circular, shelf- or bracket-shaped, with pores or tubes on the underside. Conks lie in a close planar grouping of separate or interconnected horizontal rows. Brackets can range from only a single row of a few caps, to dozens of rows of caps that can weigh several hundred pounds. They are mainly found on trees (living and dead) and coarse woody debris, and may resemble mushrooms. Some form annual fruiting bodies while others are perennial and grow larger year after year. Bracket fungi are typically tough and sturdy and produce their spores, called basidiospores, within the pores that typically make up the undersurface. Most polypores inhabit tree trunks or branches consuming the wood, but some soil-inhabiting species form mycorrhiza with trees. Polypores and the related cor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phellinus
''Phellinus'' is a genus of fungi in the family Hymenochaetaceae. Many species cause white rot. Fruit bodies, which are found growing on wood, are resupinate, sessile, and perennial. The flesh is tough and woody or cork-like, and brown in color. Clamp connections are absent, and the skeletal hyphae are yellowish-brown. The name ''Phellinus'' means ''cork''. The species ''Phellinus ellipsoideus'' (previously ''Fomitiporia ellipsoidea'') produced the largest ever fungal fruit body. ''Phellinus'' species produce a number of natural chemicals which are of interest to science. These include the natural phenol hispidin, bio-active styrylpyrones called phelligridins, and bio-active isolates called phellinins. Uses In Australia, Indigenous Australians have used ''Phellinus'' fruit bodies medicinally. The smoke from burning fruit bodies was inhaled by those with sore throats. Scrapings from slightly charred fruit bodies were drunk with water to treat coughing, sore throats, "ba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hymenochaetaceae
The ''Hymenochaetaceae'' are a family (biology), family of fungi in the order Hymenochaetales. The family contains several species that are implicated in many diseases of broad-leaved and coniferous trees, causing heart rot, canker and root diseases, and also Esca (grape disease), esca disease of grapevines. Genera The following genera are recognised in the family Hymenochaetaceae: *extinction, †''Appianoporites'' (Eocene) *''Arambarria'' *''Asterodon'' *''Aurificaria'' *''Botryodontia'' *''Clavariachaete'' *''Coltricia'' *''Coltriciella'' *''Coniferiporia'' *''Cyclomyces'' *''Cylindrosporus'' *''Deviodontia'' *''Dichochaete'' *''Erythromyces'' *''Fomes'' *''Fomitiporella'' *''Fomitiporia'' *''Fulvifomes'' *''Fulvoderma'' *''Fuscoporella'' *''Fuscoporia'' *''Hastodontia'' *''Hydnochaete'' *''Hydnoporia'' *''Hymenochaete'' *''Hymenochaetopsis'' *''Inocutis'' *''Inonotopsis'' *''Inonotus'' *''Meganotus'' *''Mensularia'' *''Mucronoporus'' *''Neomen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Molecular Phylogeny
Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to determine the processes by which diversity among species has been achieved. The result of a molecular phylogenetic analysis is expressed in a phylogenetic tree. Molecular phylogenetics is one aspect of molecular systematics, a broader term that also includes the use of molecular data in taxonomy and biogeography. Molecular phylogenetics and molecular evolution correlate. Molecular evolution is the process of selective changes (mutations) at a molecular level (genes, proteins, etc.) throughout various branches in the tree of life (evolution). Molecular phylogenetics makes inferences of the evolutionary relationships that arise due to molecular evolution and results in the construction of a phylogenetic tree. History The theoretical framew ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Basidiocarps
In fungi, a basidiocarp, basidiome, or basidioma () is the sporocarp of a basidiomycete, the multicellular structure on which the spore-producing hymenium is borne. Basidiocarps are characteristic of the hymenomycetes; rusts and smuts do not produce such structures. As with other sporocarps, epigeous (above-ground) basidiocarps that are visible to the naked eye (especially those with a more or less agaricoid morphology) are commonly referred to as mushrooms, while hypogeous (underground) basidiocarps are usually called false truffles. Structure All basidiocarps serve as the structure on which the hymenium is produced. Basidia are found on the surface of the hymenium, and the basidia ultimately produce spores. In its simplest form, a basidiocarp consists of an undifferentiated fruiting structure with a hymenium on the surface; such a structure is characteristic of many simple jelly and club fungi. In more complex basidiocarps, there is differentiation into a stipe, a p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
