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Husain Faizkhanov
Husain Faizkhanovich Faizkhanov (, , ''Xösəyen Fəyezxan ulı Fəyezxanov''; 1823, Simbirsk Governorate – 29 August 1866) was a Tatar historian, philologist and teacher. For the Russians, Faizkhanov was an important orientalist and for Tatar nation the first professional historian and significant reformer of Islamic teaching. Faizkhanov was part of the Mishar Tatar ethnos. Faizkhanov lectured from 1854 at the Faculty of Oriental Languages of St. Petersburg University. Faizkhanov played a significant role in the studies of the epigraphy of the Kasimov Khanate. In 1860, Faizkhanov made exact copies of Kasimov's Tatar tombstones. He also found the tombstone of Uraz-Muhammad Khan. The materials acquired by Faizhanov were used by the famous orientalist V.V. Velyaminov-Zernov in his main work "Research of Kasimov kings and princes" (Исследование о касимовских царях и царевичах). Faizkhanov wrote a work in 1862 named ''Islah al-Madaris'' (“Scho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Simbirsk Governorate
Simbirsk Governorate () was an administrative-territorial unit ('' guberniya'') of the Russian Empire and the Russian SFSR, which existed from 1796 to 1928. Its administrative center was in the city of Simbirsk, renamed Ulyanovsk in 1924 (likewise, Simbirsk Governorate was named Ulyanovsk Governorate). History Ulyanovsk Governorate (1924–1928) By a decree of the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union of May 9, 1924, the city of Simbirsk has renamed Ulyanovsk, which included the volost, the uyezd, and the governorate itself. In 1925, the Alatyrsky uezd was transferred to the Chuvash ASSR and 4 uezds remained in the Ulyanovsk Governorate: Ardatovsk, Karsunsk, Syzransk, and Ulyanovsk Ulyanovsk,, , known as Simbirsk until 1924, is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, city and the administrative center of Ulyanovsk Oblast, Russia, located on the Volga River east of Moscow. Ulyanovsk has been the only Russian UNESCO Ci .... On January 6, 1926, by the d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Volga Tatars
The Volga Tatars or simply Tatars (; ) are a Turkic ethnic group native to the Volga-Ural region of western Russia. They are subdivided into various subgroups. Volga Tatars are the second-largest ethnic group in Russia after ethnic Russians. Most of them live in the republics of Tatarstan and Bashkortostan. Their native language is Tatar, a language of the Turkic language family. The predominant religion is Sunni Islam, followed by Orthodox Christianity. "Tatar" as an ethnonym owns a very long and complicated history and in the past was often used as an umbrella term for different Turkic and Mongolic tribes. Nowadays it mostly refers exclusively to Volga Tatars (known simply as "Tatars"; ''Tatarlar''), who became its "ultimate bearers" after the founding of Tatar ASSR (1920–1990; now ''Tatarstan''). The ethnogenesis of Volga-Ural Tatars is still debated, but their history is usually connected to the Kipchak-Tatars of Golden Horde (1242–1502), and also to its predec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mishar Tatars
The Mishar Tatars (endonyms: мишәрләр, мишәр татарлары, ''mişärlär, mişär tatarları''), previously known as the Meshcheryaki (мещеряки), are the second largest subgroup of the Volga Tatars, after the Kazan Tatars. Traditionally, they have inhabited the middle and western side of Volga, including the nowadays Mordovia, Tatarstan, Bashkortostan, Ryazan, Penza, Ulyanovsk, Orenburg, Nizhny Novgorod and Samara regions of Russia. Many have since relocated to Moscow. Mishars also comprise the majority of Finnish Tatars and Tatars living in other Nordic and Baltic countries. Mishars speak the western dialect of the Tatar language and like the Tatar majority, practice Sunni Islam. They have at least partially different ethnogenesis from the Kazan Tatars, though many differences have since disappeared. Different versions about their origin exist to this day, but most researchers connect their ancestors to the population of Golden Horde. The Mishar d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saint Petersburg State University
Saint Petersburg State University (SPBGU; ) is a public research university in Saint Petersburg, Russia, and one of the oldest and most prestigious universities in Russia. Founded in 1724 by a decree of Peter the Great, the university from the beginning has had a focus on fundamental research in science, engineering and humanities. During the Soviet period, it was known as Leningrad State University (). It was renamed after Andrei Zhdanov in 1948 and was officially called "Leningrad State University, named after A. A. Zhdanov and decorated with the Order of Lenin and the Order of the Red Banner of Labour." Zhdanov's was removed in 1989 and Leningrad in the name was officially replaced with Saint Petersburg in 1992. It is made up of 24 specialized faculties (departments) and institutes, the Academic Gymnasium, the Medical College, the College of Physical Culture and Sports, Economics and Technology. The university has two primary campuses: one on Vasilievsky Island and the ot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qasim Khanate
The Qasim Khanate (also called ''Qasimov'', ''Kasimov'', or ''Kasim''), also known as the Tsardom of Kasimov (), was a Tatar-ruled khanate which existed from 1452 until 1681 on the territory of the Russian state. It was located within modern-day Ryazan Oblast with its capital at Kasimov, in the middle course of the Oka River. It was initially in the sphere of influence of the Grand Principality of Moscow and then was dependent on the Tsardom of Russia. The khanate was established in the lands which Grand Prince Vasily II of Moscow () presented in 1452 to the Kazan prince Qasim Khan (), son of the first Kazan khan Olug Moxammat. History Origins The original populations were the Volga Finnic tribes of the Meshchyora, Muroma and Mordvins. The lands were originally under the influence of Kievan Rus' and Volga Bulgaria. Local tribes were tributaries of Russian princes. Later, the area was incorporated into Vladimir-Suzdal. In 1152, Grand Prince Yuri Dolgoruky founded Gorode ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jadid
The Jadid movement or Jadidism was an Turco-Islamic modernist political, religious, and cultural movement in the Russian Empire in the late 19th and early 20th century. They normally referred to themselves by the Tatar terms ''Taraqqiparvarlar'' ("progressives"), ''Ziyalilar'' ("intellectuals"), or simply ''Yäşlär/Yoshlar'' ("youth"). The Jadid movement advocated for an Islamic social and cultural reformation through the revival of pristine Islamic beliefs and teachings, while simultaneously engaging with modernity. Jadids maintained that Muslim peoples in Tsarist Russia had entered a period of moral and societal decay that could only be rectified by the acquisition of a new kind of knowledge and modernist, European-modeled cultural reform. Modern technologies of communication and transportation such as telegraph, printing press, postal system, and railways, as well as the spread of Islamic literature through print media such as periodicals, journals, newspapers, etc. pl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hajj
Hajj (; ; also spelled Hadj, Haj or Haji) is an annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabia, the holiest city for Muslims. Hajj is a mandatory religious duty for capable Muslims that must be carried out at least once in their lifetime by all adult Muslims who are physically and financially capable of undertaking the journey, and of supporting their family during their absence from home. In Islamic terminology, Hajj is a pilgrimage made to the Kaaba, the "House of Allah", in the sacred city of Mecca in Saudi Arabia. It is one of the Five Pillars of Islam, alongside (oath that one believes there is no god but Allah), (prayer), (almsgiving), and (fasting during Ramadan). The Hajj is an annual practice when Muslim brotherhood is on display and their solidarity with fellow Muslim people and submission to God (Allah) is fulfilled. The Hajj is taken by Muslims to cleanse their souls of all worldly sins, which connotes both the outward act of a journey after death and th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philologists From The Russian Empire
Philology () is the study of language in oral and written historical sources. It is the intersection of textual criticism, literary criticism, history, and linguistics with strong ties to etymology. Philology is also defined as the study of literary texts and oral and written records, the establishment of their authenticity and their original form, and the determination of their meaning. A person who pursues this kind of study is known as a philologist. In older usage, especially British, philology is more general, covering comparative and historical linguistics. Classical philology studies classical languages. Classical philology principally originated from the Library of Pergamum and the Library of Alexandria around the fourth century BC, continued by Greeks and Romans throughout the Roman and Byzantine Empire. It was eventually resumed by European scholars of the Renaissance, where it was soon joined by philologies of other European ( Romance, Germanic, Celtic, Slav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
19th-century Historians From The Russian Empire
The 19th century began on 1 January 1801 (represented by the Roman numerals MDCCCI), and ended on 31 December 1900 (MCM). It was the 9th century of the 2nd millennium. It was characterized by vast social upheaval. Slavery was Abolitionism, abolished in much of Europe and the Americas. The First Industrial Revolution, though it began in the late 18th century, expanded beyond its British homeland for the first time during the 19th century, particularly remaking the economies and societies of the Low Countries, France, the Rhineland, Northern Italy, and the Northeastern United States. A few decades later, the Second Industrial Revolution led to ever more massive urbanization and much higher levels of productivity, profit, and prosperity, a pattern that continued into the 20th century. The Catholic Church, in response to the growing influence and power of modernism, secularism and materialism, formed the First Vatican Council in the late 19th century to deal with such problems an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jadids
The Jadid movement or Jadidism was an Islamic modernism, Turco-Islamic modernist political, religious, and cultural movement in the Russian Empire in the late 19th and early 20th century. They normally referred to themselves by the Tatar language, Tatar terms ''Taraqqiparvarlar'' ("progressives"), ''Ziyalilar'' ("intellectuals"), or simply ''Yäşlär/Yoshlar'' ("youth"). The Jadid movement advocated for an Islamic social and cultural Islah, reformation through the Islamic revival, revival of pristine Islamic beliefs and teachings, while simultaneously Modernism, engaging with modernity. Jadids maintained that Muslim peoples in Tsarist Russia had entered a period of Decadence, moral and societal decay that could only be rectified by the acquisition of a new kind of knowledge and modernist, European-modeled cultural reform. Modern technology, Modern technologies of Modern communication, communication and transportation such as telegraph, printing press, postal system, and railways ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1823 Births
Events January–March * January 22 – By secret treaty signed at the Congress of Verona#Spanish Question, Congress of Verona, the Quintuple Alliance gives France a mandate to invade Spain for the purpose of restoring Ferdinand VII of Spain, Ferdinand VII (who has been captured by armed revolutionary liberals) as absolute monarch of the country. * January 23 – In Paviland Cave on the Gower Peninsula of Wales, William Buckland inspects the "Red Lady of Paviland", the first identification of a prehistoric (male) human burial (although Buckland dates it as Roman). * February 3 ** Jackson Male Academy, precursor of Union University, opens in Tennessee. ** Gioachino Rossini's opera ''Semiramide'' is first performed, at ''La Fenice'' in Venice. * February 10 – The first worldwide carnival parade takes place in Cologne, Kingdom of Prussia, Prussia. * February 11 – Carnival tragedy of 1823: About 110 boys are killed during a stampede at the Franciscan Church of St Mary of Je ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
