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Human Rights In Lebanon
Human Rights in Lebanon refers to the state of human rights in Lebanon, which were considered to be on par with global standards in 2004. Some believed to be criminals and terrorists are said to be detained without charge for both short and long periods of time. Freedom of speech and of the press are ensured to the citizens by the Lebanese laws which protect the freedom of each citizen. Palestinians living in Lebanon are heavily deprived of basic civil rights. They cannot own homes or land, and are barred from becoming lawyers, engineers and doctors. However, the Lebanese government has reduced the number of restricted jobs and created a national dialogue committee for the issue. During the Arab Spring, Lebanon experienced major protests and sectarian violence, but avoided the large-scale political upheaval seen in many parts of the Arab world. In January 2015, the Economist Intelligence Unit released a report stating that Lebanon ranked second in the Middle East and 98th out ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Internal Security Forces
The Internal Security Forces (; ; abbreviated ISF) are the national police and gendarmerie of Lebanon. Modern police were established in Lebanon in 1861, with the creation of a gendarmerie force. In April 2005, Ashraf Rifi became head of the ISF, replacing Ali Al Hajj. Rifi then started to recruit younger members to become part of Lebanese Intelligence. His term ended in April 2013, and he was replaced by Roger Salem, and Ibrahim Basbouss subsequently. On March 8, 2017, the Lebanese Cabinet appointed Imad Othman as the ISF director general. He took command the following day. The number of ISF personnel reached 100,000 by 2000 and grew to over 131,000 by 2013. The ISF National Day in Lebanon is on the 9th of June. Missions Their missions include : * Maintaining public order. * Highway patrol. * Counter-terrorism. Organization The ISF organization includes: * The Ministry of the interior * Inspector-General * Directorate General of Internal Security Forces ** Staff ** Territ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Monitor
Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Monitor (commonly known as Euro-Med Monitor and sometimes as Euro-Med HRM) is an independent, nonprofit organization for the protection of human rights. Richard Falk, the former United Nations Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Palestinian territories occupied since 1967, serves as the chairman of the Board of Trustees of the Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Monitor. Foundation Euro-Mediterranean Human Right Monitor was founded by Ramy Abdu in November 2011 in Geneva, where it maintains its headquarters. Objectives According to the organisation, its main objective is to raise awareness about human rights law in Europe and the Mediterranean-North Africa area and to influence the international community to take action against human rights violators. Management Ramy Abdu, the founder of Euro-Med Monitor, serves as the chairman of the organisation. Euro-Med Monitor's strategic direction is guided by its Board of Trust ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Satanic Verses
''The Satanic Verses'' is the fourth novel from the Indian-British writer Salman Rushdie. First published in September 1988, the book was inspired by the life of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. As with his previous books, Rushdie used magical realism and relied on contemporary events and people to create his characters. The title refers to the Satanic Verses, a group of Quranic verses about three pagan Meccan goddesses: Allāt, Al-Uzza, and Manāt. The part of the story that deals with the satanic verses was based on accounts from the historians al-Waqidi and al-Tabari. The book was a 1988 Booker Prize finalist (losing to Peter Carey's '' Oscar and Lucinda''), and won the 1988 Whitbread Award for novel of the year. Timothy Brennan called the work "the most ambitious novel yet published to deal with the immigrant experience in Britain". The book and its perceived blasphemy motivated Islamic extremist bombings, killings, and riots and sparked a debate about censorship ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Da Vinci Code
''The Da Vinci Code'' is a 2003 mystery thriller novel by Dan Brown. It is “the best-selling American novel of all time.” Brown's second novel to include the character Robert Langdon—the first was his 2000 novel '' Angels & Demons''—''The Da Vinci Code'' follows symbologist Langdon and cryptologist Sophie Neveu after a murder in the Louvre Museum in Paris entangles them in a dispute between the Priory of Sion and Opus Dei over the possibility of Jesus and Mary Magdalene having had a child together. The novel explores an alternative religious history, whose central plot point is that the Merovingian kings of France were descended from the bloodline of Jesus Christ and Mary Magdalene, ideas derived from Clive Prince's '' The Templar Revelation'' (1997) and books by Margaret Starbird. The book also refers to '' The Holy Blood and the Holy Grail'' (1982), although Brown stated that it was not used as research material. ''The Da Vinci Code'' provoked a popular inter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Schindler's List
''Schindler's List'' is a 1993 American epic historical drama film directed and produced by Steven Spielberg and written by Steven Zaillian. It is based on the historical novel '' Schindler's Ark'' (1982) by Thomas Keneally. The film follows Oskar Schindler, a German industrialist who saved more than a thousand mostly Polish–Jewish refugees from the Holocaust by employing them in his factories during World War II. It stars Liam Neeson as Schindler, Ralph Fiennes as SS officer Amon Göth, and Ben Kingsley as Schindler's Jewish accountant Itzhak Stern. Ideas for a film about the '' Schindlerjuden'' (Schindler Jews) were proposed as early as 1963. Poldek Pfefferberg, one of the ''Schindlerjuden'', made it his life's mission to tell Schindler's story. Spielberg became interested when executive Sidney Sheinberg sent him a book review of ''Schindler's Ark''. Universal Pictures bought the rights to the novel, but Spielberg, unsure if he was ready to make a film about the Ho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1982 Lebanon War
The 1982 Lebanon War, also called the Second Israeli invasion of Lebanon, began on 6 June 1982, when Israel invaded southern Lebanon. The invasion followed a series of attacks and counter-attacks between the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) operating in southern Lebanon and the Israel Defense Forces, Israeli military, which had caused civilian casualties on both sides of the border. The Israeli military operation, codenamed Operation Peace for Galilee, was launched after gunmen from the Abu Nidal Organization attempted to assassinate Shlomo Argov, Israel's ambassador to the United Kingdom. Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin blamed the PLO, using the incident as a ''casus belli''. It was the second invasion of Lebanon by Israel, following the 1978 South Lebanon conflict. The Israelis sought to end Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon, Palestinian attacks from Lebanon, destroy the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) in the country, and install a pro-Israel Leban ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Waltz With Bashir
''Waltz with Bashir'' (, translit. ''Vals Im Bashir'') is a 2008 adult animated war documentary film written, produced, and directed by Ari Folman. It depicts Folman's search for lost memories of his experience as a soldier during the 1982 Lebanon War and the Sabra and Shatila massacre. It was the first Israeli feature-length animated film released theatrically since '' Joseph the Dreamer'' in 1962. The film premiered at the 2008 Cannes Film Festival, where it competed for the Palme d'Or. Subsequently, it received wide acclaim from critics and audiences alike, with particular praise given to its themes, animation, direction, story, Max Richter's score, and Nili Feller's editing, although it drew criticism from Arab countries. It is considered a groundbreaking achievement for adult animated films, particularly its use of visualized cutout animation in documentary and personal reflection that explores the psychological and physical damage of war, setting it apart from mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cedar Revolution
The Cedar Revolution (), also known as the Independence uprising (), was a chain of demonstrations in Lebanon (especially in the capital Beirut) triggered by the assassination of former Lebanese Prime Minister Rafic Hariri. The popular movement was remarkable for its avoidance of violence, peaceful approach, and its total reliance on methods of civil resistance. The primary goals of the activists were the withdrawal of the Syrian troops which had occupied Lebanon since 1976, the replacement of a government heavily influenced by Syrian interests by more independent leadership, the establishment of an international commission to investigate the assassination of Prime Minister Hariri, the resignation of security officials to ensure the success of the plan, and the organization of free parliamentary elections. More generally, the demonstrators demanded the end of the Syrian influence in Lebanese politics. At the start of the demonstrations, Syria had a force of roughly 14,000 so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raymond Azar
Raymond Azar (; born 1953) was the head of the Lebanese military intelligence. Early life and education Raymond Azar was born into a Maronite Christianity in Lebanon, Maronite family in the mostly Christian village of Machmouche in 1953. He studied to be a priest before joining the Lebanese army, army. Career Azar was appointed to head of military intelligence in 1998 when Emile Lahoud was elected president. He was at this post at the time of Hariri assassination. Controversy Raymond Azar fell under suspicion of playing a role in the 2005 assassination of Rafiq Hariri a former prime minister of Lebanon. Mehlis report, The Mehlis report included a witness as indicating that Azar, like Mustafa Hamdan, provided logistical support for the assassination. He and other three generals including Jamil Al Sayyed were arrested on 30 August 2005. They were held in Roumieh prison, northeast of Beirut from 2005 to April 2009. It is argued that first loyalty of all four generals was to Syria ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ali Al Hajj
Ali Al Hajj (; born 1955) is a former major general and ex-director general of the Lebanese Internal Security Forces. Early life Hajj was born into a Muslim Sunni family based in northern Lebanon in 1955. Career Hajj was in charge of government protection for Rafik Hariri from 1992 to 1998. He was removed from his post when Hariri discovered Hajj was also working for Syrian intelligence. He was appointed the director general of the Lebanese internal security forces in 2004 by Interior Minister Suleiman Frangieh. He stepped aside on 22 April 2005 and was replaced by Ashraf Rifi. He was one of seven pro-Syrian officials whose resignations had been requested by the Lebanese opposition after the assassination of Hariri. Controversy The first UN team investigating the Hariri assassination led by Irish deputy Garda Commissioner Peter Fitzgerald discovered that the wreckage of Hariri's six-car motorcade had been removed from the crime scene at midnight on 14 February 2005. It was fur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mustafa Hamdan
Mustafa Hamdan (or Mustapha Hamdan), (; born 1955) is a retired Lebanese army general and head of the presidential guard, and head of Al-Mourabitoun movement. Career Mustafa Hamdan was tasked with protecting army commander Émile Lahoud in 1990. He was appointed head of the Republican Guard in 1998. He is known to be a close aide-de-camp to Lebanese President Émile Lahoud and Michel Aoun. Controversy On 30 August 2005, Hamdan was arrested along with three other Lebanese generals during the investigation of the assassination of former Lebanese Prime Minister Rafik Hariri, who was killed on 14 February 2005 in a massive explosion targeting his motorcade near downtown Beirut. The other generals arrested were Jamil al Sayyed, Ali Al Hajj and Raymond Azar. The 19 October 2005 Mehlis report stated Hamdan told a witness: "We are going to send him on a trip -- bye, bye Hariri." It also quoted a witness saying that Hamdan had provided logistical support. Hamdan and other generals ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
