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Huayqueriana
''Huayqueriana'' is an extinct genus of South American litoptern, related to ''Macrauchenia'', and belonging to the same family, Macraucheniidae. It was formerly known as ''Macrauchenidia latidens'', described in 1939 by Cabrera, but redefined as ''Huayqueriana'' in 2016 based on the earlier name convention of Rovereto 1914.Forasiepi et al., 2016, p.11Cabrera (A.), 1939. "Sobre vertebrados fósiles del Plioceno del Adolfo Alsina". ''Revista Museo de La Plata'', II (n. Serie), Paleont.: 3–35. The genus is named after the Huayquerías Formation and the eponymous Huayquerian South American land mammal age defined at the formation. Classification Cladogram based in the Phylogenetics, phylogenetic analysis published by Schmidt ''et al''., 2014, showing the position of ''Huayqueriana'': References Bibliography * Macraucheniids Miocene mammals of South America Huayquerian, Neogene Argentina Fossils of Argentina Cerro Azul Formation Fossil taxa described in 1914 Pre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Macraucheniidae
Macraucheniidae is a family in the extinct South American ungulate order Litopterna, that resembled camelids. They had three functional digits on the fore and hind feet, as well as elongate necks. The family is generally divided up into two subfamilies, Cramaucheniinae (which may be paraphyletic) and Macraucheniinae. The family shows retraction of the nasal region, most extremely to the top of the skull in derived macraucheniine taxa like ''Macrauchenia.'' which has been interpreted to have supported a probsocis, perhaps like that of a saiga antelope to filter dust, or a moose-like prehensile lip. The earliest unambiguous members of the family date to the late Oligocene The Oligocene ( ) is a geologic epoch (geology), epoch of the Paleogene Geologic time scale, Period that extends from about 33.9 million to 23 million years before the present ( to ). As with other older geologic periods, the rock beds that defin ... around 30 million years ago. '' Polymorphis'' from the Eoce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Promacrauchenia
''Promacrauchenia'' is an extinct genus of macraucheniids that lived during the Late Miocene to Late Pliocene epochs of what is now Argentina and Bolivia. It belongs to the subfamily Macraucheniinae, which also includes ''Huayqueriana'', ''Macrauchenia'', and ''Xenorhinotherium.'' Fossils of this genus have been found in the Ituzaingó, Andalhuala, and Cerro Azul Formation The Cerro Azul Formation (), also described as Epecuén Formation, is a formation (geology), geological formation of Late Miocene (Tortonian, or Huayquerian in the South American land mammal age, SALMA classification) age in the Colorado Basin, Arg ...s of Argentina. Classification The genus ''Promacrauchenia'' was first described by Florentino Ameghino in 1904, on the basis of fossils found in Patagonia in lower Pliocene deposits and which Ameghino himself, years earlier, had described as a species of ''Macrauchenia'', as ''M. antiqua'' . In addition to the type species, ''Promacrauchenia'' ''antiqua'', ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Macraucheniinae
Macraucheniidae is a family in the extinct South American ungulate order Litopterna, that resembled camelids. They had three functional digits on the fore and hind feet, as well as elongate necks. The family is generally divided up into two subfamilies, Cramaucheniinae (which may be paraphyletic) and Macraucheniinae. The family shows retraction of the nasal region, most extremely to the top of the skull in derived macraucheniine taxa like ''Macrauchenia.'' which has been interpreted to have supported a probsocis, perhaps like that of a saiga antelope to filter dust, or a moose-like prehensile lip. The earliest unambiguous members of the family date to the late Oligocene around 30 million years ago. '' Polymorphis'' from the Eocene has historically been placed as a macraucheniid, but this has been doubted. Most early representatives had a body masses in the range of , though some like ''Llullataruca'' were as small as , and the last representatives of the family from the Pleistoc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Huayquerías Formation
The Huayquerías Formation () is a Miocene, Late Miocene list of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Argentina, fossiliferous formation (geology), geological formation of the Frontal Cordillera and Cuyo Basin of Argentina. The formation outcrop, crops out in the central Mendoza Province. The formation, with a maximum thickness of , comprises reddish mudstones with thin beds of tuffs and sandstones, deposited in a fluvial, depositional environment, environment. The tuff in the formation is dated to 5.84 ± 0.41 Ma, placing it in the Huayquerian South American land mammal age, SALMA, the age named after the formation by Kraglievitch in 1934. The formation has provided fossils of the Procyonidae, procyonid ''Cyonasua, Cyonasua pascuali'' and the Litopterna, litoptern ''Huayqueriana, Huayqueriana cristata'', named after the formation. Description The Huayqueriás Formation, present in the Frontal Cordillera and the neighboring Cuyo Basin, was described in 1934 by Kraglievitch as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pternoconius
''Pternoconius'' is an extinct genus of macraucheniid litoptern from the Late Oligocene and Early Miocene of Argentina. Fossils of this genus have been found in the Sarmiento Formation of Argentina. Etymology The genus name, ''Pternoconius'', is a near-anagram of the closely related genus ''Coniopternium''. The species name refers to the similarity of the Eocene genus '' Polymorphis''. Species ''Pternoconius tournoueri'' In 1985, fossils found in the Early Miocene Colhué Huapí Member of the Sarmiento Formation were assigned to the genus under the name ''Pternoconius tournoueri'', consisting of a nearly complete hemimandible. ''Pternoconius bondi'' In 2016 a new species of macraucheniid litoptern was described coming from the Bajada del Diablo locality in the Sarmiento Formation, consisting of the anterior portion of the skull with the maxillary region, some fragments of nasal bones, a small portion of the left zygomatic process, and most of the upper dentition (i.e., ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xenorhinotherium
''Xenorhinotherium'' is an extinct genus of macraucheniine macraucheniids, native to northern South America during the Pleistocene and Holocene epoch, closely related to ''Macrauchenia'' of Patagonia. The type species is ''X. bahiense''.''Xenorhinotherium'' at .org Taxonomy Some authors have proposed that the genus ''Xenorhinotherium'' a synonym of ''Macrauchenia'', though this has not been widely accepted. The name ''Xenorhinotherium'' means "Strange-Nosed Beast" and ''bahiense'' refers to the Brazilian state of |
Cullinia
''Cullinia'' is an extinct genus of litoptern, an order of South American native ungulates that included horse-like and camel-like animals such as ''Macrauchenia''. It is only known from fragmentary remains. ''Cullinia levis'' is known from Chasicoan remains found in the Arroyo Chasicó Formation of Argentina, and remains from the Brazilian state of Acre and the Huayquerian Ituzaingó Formation have been assigned to ''Cullinia'' sp. . History and naming ''Cullinia'' was described in 1931 by Cabrera and Kraglievich, from MLP 29-IX-178, a holotype containing several fragmentary remains including a mandible and a metatarsal. In 1995, Bond and López add to the holotype other remains from the upper dentition. It was named from the Araucanian word "cullin", meaning "animal". Description ''Cullinia'' was a slender, small Macraucheniidae. It had proportionally larger metapodials than ''Theosodon'', and its first lower molar was absent. Classification Below is a phylogenetic tree ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cramauchenia
''Cramauchenia'' is an extinct genus of litoptern South American ungulate. ''Cramauchenia'' was named by Florentino Ameghino. The name has no literal translation. Instead, it is an anagram of the name of a related genus ''Macrauchenia''. This genus was initially discovered in the Sarmiento Formation in the Chubut Province, in Argentina, and later it was found in the Chichinales Formation in the Río Negro Province and the Cerro Bandera Formation in Neuquén, also in Argentina, in sediments assigned to the SALMA Colhuehuapian (in the Early Miocene), as well as the Agua de la Piedra Formation in Mendoza, in sediments dated to the Deseadan (during the Late Oligocene). In 1981 Soria made ''C. insolita'' a junior synonym of ''C. normalis''. A specimen of ''C. normalis'' was described in 2010 from Cabeza Blanca (Chubut, Argentina) in the Sarmiento Formation, in sediments assigned to the Deseadan SALMA (Upper Oligocene). Description This animal had an appearance vaguely similar to th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cerro Azul Formation
The Cerro Azul Formation (), also described as Epecuén Formation, is a formation (geology), geological formation of Late Miocene (Tortonian, or Huayquerian in the South American land mammal age, SALMA classification) age in the Colorado Basin, Argentina, Colorado Basin of the Buenos Aires Province, Buenos Aires and La Pampa Provinces in northeastern Argentina.Cerro Azul Formation in the Paleobiology DatabaseEpecuén Formation in the Paleobiology Database The fluvial and aeolian processes, aeolian siltstones, sandstones and tuffs of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Huayquerian
The Huayquerian () age is a period of geologic time (9.0–6.8 Ma) within the Late Miocene epoch of the Neogene, used more specifically within the SALMA classification. It follows the Chasicoan and precedes the Montehermosan age. Etymology The age is named after the Huayquerías Formation in the western Cuyo Basin of northwestern Argentina that was later dated to the Montehermosan The Montehermosan age is a period of geologic time (6.8–4.0 Mya (unit), Ma) within the Miocene and Pliocene epochs of the Neogene used more specifically with South American Land Mammal Ages. It follows the Huayquerian and precedes the Chapadmalal .... The most complete Huayquerian fauna is found in the Cerro Azul Formation, in Buenos Aires Province also referred to as Epecuén Formation. Formations Fossil content Correlations Notes and references Notes References Bibliography ;Huayquerías Formation * * ;Andalhuala Formation * ;Camacho Formation * * * ;Cerro A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Litoptern
Litopterna (from "smooth heel") is an extinct order of South American native ungulates that lived from the Paleocene to the Pleistocene-Holocene around 62.5 million to 12,000 years ago (or possibly as late as 3,500 years ago), and were also present in Antarctica during the Eocene. They represent the second most diverse group of South American ungulates after Notoungulata. It is divided into nine families, with Proterotheriidae and Macraucheniidae being the most diverse and last surviving families. Diversity The body forms of many litopterns, notably in the limb and skull structure, are broadly similar to those of living ungulates, unlike other South American native ungulate groups, which are often strongly divergent from living ungulates. Paleocene and Eocene litopterns generally had small body masses, with '' Protolipterna'' ( Protolipternidae) estimated to have had a body mass of , though the Eocene sparnotheriodontids were considerably larger, with estimated body masses ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Macrauchenia
''Macrauchenia'' ("long llama", based on the now-invalid llama genus, ''Auchenia'', from Greek "big neck") is an extinct genus of large ungulate native to South America from the Pliocene or Middle Pleistocene to the end of the Late Pleistocene. It is a member of the extinct order Litopterna, a group of South American native ungulates distinct from the two orders which contain all living ungulates which had been present in South America since the early Cenozoic, over 60 million years ago, prior to the arrival of living ungulates in South America around 2.5 million years ago as part of the Great American Interchange. The bodyform of ''Macrauchenia'' has been described as similar to a camel, being one of the largest-known litopterns, with an estimated body mass of around 1 tonne. The genus gives its name to its family, Macraucheniidae, which like ''Macrauchenia'' typically had long necks and three-toed feet, as well as a retracted nasal region, which in ''Macrauchenia'' manifests as t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
