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Howard T. Ricketts
Howard Taylor Ricketts (February 9, 1871 – May 3, 1910) was an American pathologist after whom the family Rickettsiaceae and the order Rickettsiales are named. He was born in Findlay, Ohio. In the early part of his career, Ricketts undertook research at Northwestern University on blastomycosis. He later worked in the Bitterroot Valley of Montana and at the University of Chicago on Rocky Mountain spotted fever. This early pathology, entomology and epidemiology research in Hamilton, Montana led to the eventual formation of the Rocky Mountain Laboratories there. While in Montana, Ricketts and his assistant discovered that the vector that carried the pathogen for Rocky Mountain spotted fever is a tick, the Rocky Mountain wood tick ('' Dermacentor andersoni''; some other species of ticks, such as the American dog or wood tick, '' Dermacentor variabilis'', also are vectors). It was not at once clear what kind of organism the pathogen was; eventually it was named '' Rickettsia' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Findlay, Ohio
Findlay ( ) is a city in Hancock County, Ohio, United States, and its county seat. The second-largest city in Northwest Ohio, Findlay lies about 40 miles (64 km) south of Toledo, Ohio, Toledo. Its population was 40,313 at the 2020 United States census, 2020 census. The principal city of the Micropolitan statistical area, Findlay micropolitan area, it is home to the University of Findlay and the headquarters of Fortune 100, ''Fortune'' 100 company Marathon Petroleum. History In the War of 1812, Colonel James Findlay (Cincinnati mayor), James Findlay of Cincinnati built a road and a stockade to transport and shelter troops in the Great Black Swamp region. This stockade was named Fort Findlay in his honor. At the conclusion of the war, the community of Findlay was born. The first town lots were laid out in 1821 by future Ohio Governor Joseph Vance (Ohio politician), Joseph Vance and Elnathan Corry. Before the American Civil War, Civil War, Findlay was a stop for Slavery in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vector (epidemiology)
In epidemiology, a disease vector is any living agent that carries and transmits an infectious pathogen such as a parasite or microbe, to another living organism. Agents regarded as vectors are mostly blood-sucking (Hematophagy, hematophagous) arthropods such as mosquitoes. The first major discovery of a disease vector came from Ronald Ross in 1897, who discovered the malaria pathogen when he dissected the stomach tissue of a mosquito. Arthropods Arthropods form a major group of pathogen vectors with mosquitoes, Fly, flies, Sandfly, sand flies, lice, fleas, ticks, and mites transmitting a huge number of pathogens. Many such vectors are haematophagous, which feed on blood at some or all stages of their lives. When the insects and ticks feed on blood, the pathogen enters the blood stream of the host. This can happen in different ways. The ''Anopheles'' mosquito, a vector for malaria, filariasis, and various arthropod-borne-viruses (arboviruses), inserts its delicate mouthpart under ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
American Pathologists
American(s) may refer to: * American, something of, from, or related to the United States of America, commonly known as the "United States" or "America" ** Americans, citizens and nationals of the United States of America ** American ancestry, people who self-identify their ancestry as "American" ** American English, the set of varieties of the English language native to the United States ** Native Americans in the United States, indigenous peoples of the United States * American, something of, from, or related to the Americas, also known as "America" ** Indigenous peoples of the Americas * American (word), for analysis and history of the meanings in various contexts Organizations * American Airlines, U.S.-based airline headquartered in Fort Worth, Texas * American Athletic Conference, an American college athletic conference * American Recordings (record label), a record label that was previously known as Def American * American University, in Washington, D.C. Sports teams S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maurice Hilleman
Maurice Ralph Hilleman (August 30, 1919 – April 11, 2005) was a leading American microbiologist who specialized in vaccinology and developed over 40 vaccines, an unparalleled record of productivity. According to one estimate, his vaccines save nearly eight million lives each year. He has been described as one of the most influential vaccinologists ever. He has been called the "father of modern vaccines". Robert Gallo called Hilleman "the most successful vaccinologist in history". He has been described by some researchers as having saved more lives than any other scientist in the 20th century. Of the 14 vaccines routinely recommended in American vaccine schedules, Hilleman and his team developed eight: those for measles, mumps, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, chickenpox, ''Neisseria meningitidis'', ''Streptococcus pneumoniae'' and ''Haemophilus influenzae'' bacteria. During the influenza pandemic in Southern China, his vaccine is believed to have saved hundreds of thousands of l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gail Monroe Dack
Gail Monroe Dack (March 4, 1901, Belvidere, Illinois – June 21, 1976, Kane County, Illinois) was an American physician and professor of bacteriology, known as a leading expert on food-borne illnesses. Biography Gail M. Dack graduated in 1918 from Elgin High School and in 1922 with a B.S. from the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. He graduated in 1927 with a Ph.D. from the University of Chicago and in 1933 with an M.D. from the University of Chicago Medical School (now named the Pritzker School of Medicine). In the University of Chicago's department of bacteriology, he was from 1925 to 1929 an instructor, from 1929 to 1937 an assistant professor, from 1937 to 1946 an associate professor, from 1946 to 1966 a full professor, and then a professor emeritus in retirement. From 1946 to 1966 he was also the director of the University of Chicago's Food Research Institute. From 1952 to 1953 he chaired the National Research Council Committee on Foods. In a classic 1930 paper, Dac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sara Elizabeth Branham
Sara Elizabeth Branham Matthews (1888–1962) was an American microbiologist and physician best known for her research into the isolation and treatment of ''Neisseria meningitidis'', a causative organism of meningitis. Biography Branham was born July 25, 1888, in Oxford, Georgia to mother Sarah ("Sallie") Stone and father Junius Branham. Although education of women was not commonplace at the time, members of Sara Branham's family were firm believers in the value of education for women. Following in the footsteps of her mother (Amanda Stone Branham, 1885 graduate) and grandmother (Elizabeth Flournoy Stone, 1840 graduate), she attended Wesleyan College in Macon, Georgia and graduated with a B.S. degree in biology in 1907 as a third generation alumna. She was a member of Alpha Delta Pi. With few professional opportunities offered to women with an education then, she became a schoolteacher, working for ten years in Georgia's public school system in Sparta, Decatur, and finally at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lauretta Bender
Lauretta Bender (August 9, 1897 – January 4, 1987) was an American child Neuropsychiatry, neuropsychiatrist known for developing the Bender-Gestalt Test, a psychological test designed to evaluate Motor coordination, visual-motor Maturationism, maturation in children. First published by Bender in 1938, the test became widely used for assessing children's Neurology, neurological function and screening for developmental disorders. She performed research in the areas of autism spectrum disorders in children, suicide and violence. She was one of the first researchers to suggest that mental disorders in children might have a neurological basis, rather than attributing them to the child's bad behavior or poor upbringing. Early life Bender was born in Butte, Montana, to parents John Oscar and Katherine Irvine Bender. Bender had a difficult time in school when she was young and had to repeat the first grade three times. She often reversed her letters when reading and writing which led p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Julian Herman Lewis
Julian Herman Lewis (May 26, 1891 – March 6, 1989) was an American pathologist. The son of a freed slave, Lewis became the first African-American associate professor at the University of Chicago in 1922. His research interests included racial differences in relation to medicine and immunology. He earned a Guggenheim Fellowship for research in immunology in 1926. Lewis's research on race culminated in the 1942 publication of ''The Biology of the Negro'', a lengthy text summarizing the scientific literature on the demographic, anatomical, physiological and biochemical characteristics of the black population. While Lewis was deeply interested in biological differences between the races, he argued against the viewpoint that black people were biologically inferior. The book, though well reviewed, sold poorly, and Lewis published no further works after 1943. Early life and education Lewis was born on May 26, 1891, in Shawneetown, Illinois, to John Calhoun Lewis, a freed slave, and C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russell Morse Wilder
Russell Morse Wilder Sr. (November 24, 1885 – December 16, 1959) was an American physician, diabetologist, epileptologist, and medical researcher, known as one of the originators of the ketogenic ("classic keto") diet as a therapy for both epilepsy and diabetes. He coined the term "ketogenic diet." He was also among the first American physicians to use insulin for patients with diabetes. Biography At the University of Chicago he graduated with a B.S. in 1907 and with a Ph.D. in pathology in 1911. At Rush Medical College he was an instructor from 1909 to 1910 in pathology and anatomy and graduated there in 1911 with an M.D. (Rush Medical College was affiliated with the University of Chicago until 1942.) During his undergraduate study he spent a year at Heidelberg University. As a medical student, he went to Mexico City in December 1909 with the physician and medical researcher Howard Taylor Ricketts to study typhus fever in the Valley of Mexico. Ricketts died of the disease on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Murinae
The Old World rats and mice, part of the subfamily Murinae in the family Muridae, comprise at least 519 species. Members of this subfamily are called murines. In terms of species richness, this subfamily is larger than all mammal families except the Cricetidae and Muridae, and is larger than all mammal orders except the bats and the remainder of the rodents. Description The Murinae are native to Africa, Europe, Asia, and Australia. They are terrestrial placental mammals. They have also been introduced to all continents except Antarctica, and are serious pest animals. This is particularly true in island communities where they have contributed to the endangerment and extinction of many native animals. Two prominent murine species have become vital laboratory animals: the brown rat and house mouse are both used as medical subjects. The murines have a distinctive molar pattern that involves three rows of cusps instead of two, the primitive pattern seen most frequently ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rickettsia Rickettsii
''Rickettsia rickettsii'' is a Gram-negative, intracellular, cocco-bacillus bacterium that was first discovered in 1902. Having a reduced genome, the bacterium harvests nutrients from its host cell to carry out respiration, making it an organo-heterotroph. Maintenance of its genome is carried out through vertical gene transfer where specialization of the bacterium allows it to shuttle host sugars directly into its TCA cycle. Other characteristics of the bacteria include membrane proteins that are useful in the identification of ''R. rickettsii'' strains and useful in targeting from antibiotics. A capsule encircling the bacterium allows for attachment to host cells and additionally acts as a defense mechanism for resisting phagocytosis. Varying strains of ''R. rickettsii'' have different genotypes and phenotypes that alter the pathogenicity, virulence, and the appearance of the bacteria. ''R. rickettsii'' is the causative agent of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever and is transferre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rickettsia
''Rickettsia'' is a genus of nonmotile, gram-negative, nonspore-forming, highly pleomorphic bacteria that may occur in the forms of cocci (0.1 μm in diameter), bacilli (1–4 μm long), or threads (up to about 10 μm long). The genus was named after Howard Taylor Ricketts in honor of his pioneering work on tick-borne spotted fever. Properly, ''Rickettsia'' is the name of a single genus, but the informal term "rickettsia", plural "rickettsias," usually not capitalised, commonly applies to any members of the order Rickettsiales. Being obligate intracellular bacteria, rickettsias depend on entry, growth, and replication within the cytoplasm of living eukaryotic host cells (typically endothelial cells). Accordingly, ''Rickettsia'' species cannot grow in artificial nutrient culture; they must be grown either in tissue or embryo cultures. Mostly chicken embryos are used, following a method developed by Ernest William Goodpasture and his colleagues at Vanderbilt University i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
