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Hot Blast
Hot blast is the preheated air blown into a blast furnace or other metallurgical process. This technology, which considerably reduces the fuel consumed, was one of the most important technologies developed during the Industrial Revolution. Hot blast also allowed higher furnace temperatures, which increased the capacity of furnaces. As first developed, it worked by alternately storing heat from the furnace flue gas in a firebrick-lined vessel with multiple chambers, then blowing combustion air through the hot chamber. This is known as regenerative heating. Hot blast was invented and patented for iron furnaces by James Beaumont Neilson in 1828 at Wilsontown Ironworks in Scotland, but was later applied in other contexts, including late bloomeries. Later the carbon monoxide in the flue gas was burned to provide additional heat. History Invention and spread James Beaumont Neilson, previously foreman at Glasgow gas works, invented the system of preheating the blast for a furna ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carrie Furnace No
Carrie may refer to: People * Carrie (name), a female given name and occasionally a surname Places in the United States * Carrie, Kentucky, an unincorporated community * Carrie, Virginia, an unincorporated community * Carrie Glacier, Olympic National Park, Washington Arts and entertainment * The Carrie (franchise), ''Carrie'' media franchise by Stephen King, starting with his debut novel, and its adaptations: ** Carrie (novel), ''Carrie'' (1974 novel) ** Carrie (1976 film), ''Carrie'' (1976 film) ** Carrie (musical), ''Carrie'' (1989 musical) ** Carrie (2002 film), ''Carrie'' (2002 film) ** Carrie (2013 film), ''Carrie'' (2013 film) * the title character of ''Sister Carrie'', a 1900 novel by Theodore Dreiser ** Carrie (1952 film), ''Carrie'' (1952 film), based on Dreiser's novel * one of the title characters of ''Carrie and Barry'', a BBC sitcom * Carrie (band), British based rock music band * Carrie (Cliff Richard song), "Carrie" (Cliff Richard song) (1980) * Carrie (Europe song ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coal
Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock, formed as rock strata called coal seams. Coal is mostly carbon with variable amounts of other Chemical element, elements, chiefly hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen. Coal is a type of fossil fuel, formed when dead plant matter decays into peat which is converted into coal by the heat and pressure of deep burial over millions of years. Vast deposits of coal originate in former wetlands called coal forests that covered much of the Earth's tropical land areas during the late Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian (geology), Pennsylvanian) and Permian times. Coal is used primarily as a fuel. While coal has been known and used for thousands of years, its usage was limited until the Industrial Revolution. With the invention of the steam engine, coal consumption increased. In 2020, coal supplied about a quarter of the world's primary energy and over a third of its Electricity generation, electricity. Some iron and steel-maki ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anthracite Iron
Anthracite iron or anthracite pig iron is iron extracted by the smelting together of anthracite coal and iron ore, that is using anthracite coal instead of charcoal in iron smelting. This was an important technical advance in the late-1830s, enabling a great acceleration of the Industrial Revolution in the United States and in Europe.Thomas, Samuel, History Unlike many seminal advances, the contributors, place and date of this epoch are well recorded within specific moments in the late 1830s. The first repeatable and reliably successful furnaces and smelts were managed by the same person in both the United Kingdom and the United States, in the principal control and supervision of ironmaster David Thomas, who began experimenting with attempts to use locally available Welsh anthracite deposits as early as 1820 soon after he became in charge at Yniscedewin Iron Works in Wales. Around this 1837-38 timeframe, experiments were also being made in Pennsylvania near Port Carbon and in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charcoal
Charcoal is a lightweight black carbon residue produced by strongly heating wood (or other animal and plant materials) in minimal oxygen to remove all water and volatile constituents. In the traditional version of this pyrolysis process, called charcoal burning, often by forming a charcoal kiln, the heat is supplied by burning part of the starting material itself, with a limited supply of oxygen. The material can also be heated in a closed retort. Modern charcoal briquettes used for outdoor cooking may contain many other additives, e.g. coal. The early history of wood charcoal production spans ancient times, rooted in the abundance of wood in various regions. The process typically involves stacking wood billets to form a conical pile, allowing air to enter through openings at the bottom, and igniting the pile gradually. Charcoal burners, skilled professionals tasked with managing the delicate operation, often lived in isolation to tend their wood piles . Throughout histo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anthracite
Anthracite, also known as hard coal and black coal, is a hard, compact variety of coal that has a lustre (mineralogy)#Submetallic lustre, submetallic lustre. It has the highest carbon content, the fewest impurities, and the highest energy density of all types of coal and is the highest Coal analysis#Coal classification by rank, ranking of coals. The Coal Region of Northeastern Pennsylvania in the United States has the largest known deposits of anthracite coal in the world with an estimated reserve of seven billion short ton, short tons. Coal in China, China accounts for the majority of global production; other producers include Coal in Russia, Russia, Coal in Ukraine, Ukraine, Coal in North Korea, North Korea, Coal in South Africa, South Africa, Coal in Vietnam, Vietnam, Coal in Australia, Australia, Coal in Canada, Canada, and the Coal mining in the United States, United States. Total production in 2020 was 615 million tons. Anthracite is the most metamorphism, metamorphosed ty ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lehigh Crane Iron Company
The Lehigh Crane Iron Company, later renamed Crane Iron Company, was a major ironmaking firm in the Lehigh Valley from its founding in 1839 until its sale in 1899. It was based in Catasauqua, Pennsylvania, and was founded by Josiah White and Erskine Hazard, who financed its development through their Lehigh Coal & Navigation Company, which promoted the then-novel technique of smelting iron ore with anthracite coal. This was an important cost and energy savings technique, credited with eliminating the need for either expensive charcoal or coke producing processes and transport costs that proved central to the acceleration of the American Industrial Revolution. The new company was named Crane in recognition of George Crane, a British foundry owner whose kind understanding and support backed their desire to hire away his foundry's long time superintendent, ironmaster David Thomas, who had achieved regular successes in employing the new hot blast process and successfully worked out ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lehigh Coal & Navigation Company
Lehigh Coal & Navigation Company was a mining and transportation company headquartered in Mauch Chunk, now known as Jim Thorpe, Pennsylvania. The company operated from 1818 until its dissolution in 1964 and played an early and influential role in the Industrial Revolution in the United States, American Industrial Revolution. The company ultimately encompassed source industries, transport, and manufacturing, making it the first vertical integration, vertically integrated company in the United States.Archer B. HulbertThe Paths of Inland Commerce, A Chronicle of Trail, Road, and Waterway, Vol. 21, Chronicles of America, The Chronicles of America Series. Editor: Allen Johnson (1921) History 18th century In 1791, a hunter named Philip Ginter discovered anthracite, anthracite coal on Pisgah Mountain near present-day Summit Hill, Pennsylvania close to the border Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, Schuylkill and Carbon County, Pennsylvania, Carbon counties. To verify this discovery, Phil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wales
Wales ( ) is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. It is bordered by the Irish Sea to the north and west, England to the England–Wales border, east, the Bristol Channel to the south, and the Celtic Sea to the south-west. , it had a population of 3.2 million. It has a total area of and over of Coastline of Wales, coastline. It is largely mountainous with its higher peaks in the north and central areas, including Snowdon (), its highest summit. The country lies within the Temperate climate, north temperate zone and has a changeable, Oceanic climate, maritime climate. Its capital and largest city is Cardiff. A distinct Culture of Wales, Welsh culture emerged among the Celtic Britons after the End of Roman rule in Britain, Roman withdrawal from Britain in the 5th century, and Wales was briefly united under Gruffudd ap Llywelyn in 1055. After over 200 years of war, the Conquest of Wales by Edward I, conquest of Wales by King Edward I o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
David Thomas (industrialist)
David Thomas (November 3, 1794 – June 20, 1882) was a native of Wales who was influential in the birth of the Industrial Revolution in the United States. Development of the hot blast David Thomas was born in Cadoxton, near Neath. He went to school at nearby Alltwen and at Neath, and worked on his father's farm before going into the iron industry. He married Elizabeth Hopkins in 1817. As an adult, he was widely regarded as one of the foremost ironmasters in the United Kingdom. It was while employed at the Yniscedwyn Works, in Ystradgynlais in the Swansea Valley, that he devised the process which would advance the Industrial Revolution. On February 5, 1837, Thomas used a hot blast to smelt iron ore and anthracite coal. The result was an easy method to produce anthracite iron, which revolutionized industry in the Swansea Valley. This type of iron had been patented by Edward Martin of Morriston, Wales in 1804. In 1839 he relocated to Pennsylvania, where the owners of the Leh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Open Hearth Furnace
An open-hearth furnace or open hearth furnace is any of several kinds of industrial Industrial furnace, furnace in which excess carbon and other impurities are burnt out of pig iron to Steelmaking, produce steel. Because steel is difficult to manufacture owing to its high melting point, normal fuels and furnaces were insufficient for mass production of steel, and the open-hearth type of furnace was one of several technologies developed in the nineteenth century to overcome this difficulty. Compared with the Bessemer process, which it displaced, its main advantages were that it did not Embrittlement, embrittle the steel from excessive nitrogen exposure, was easier to control, and permitted the melting and refining of large amounts of scrap, scrap iron and steel. The open-hearth furnace was first developed by German/British engineer Carl Wilhelm Siemens. In 1865, the French engineer Pierre-Émile Martin took out a licence from Siemens and first applied his regenerative furnace for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cowper Stove
A regenerative heat exchanger, or more commonly a regenerator, is a type of heat exchanger where heat from the hot fluid is intermittently stored in a thermal storage medium before it is transferred to the cold fluid. To accomplish this the hot fluid is brought into contact with the heat storage medium, then the fluid is displaced with the cold fluid, which absorbs the heat. In regenerative heat exchangers, the fluid on either side of the heat exchanger can be the same fluid. The fluid may go through an external processing step, and then it is flowed back through the heat exchanger in the opposite direction for further processing. Usually the application will use this process cyclically or repetitively. Regenerative heating was one of the most important technologies developed during the Industrial Revolution when it was used in the hot blast process on blast furnaces. It was later used in glass melting furnaces and steel making, to increase the efficiency of open hearth furnaces, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
