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Hospers
John Hospers (June 9, 1918 – June 12, 2011) was an American philosopher and political activist. Hospers was interested in Objectivism, and was once a friend of the philosopher Ayn Rand, though she later broke with him. In 1972, Hospers became the first presidential candidate of the Libertarian Party, and was the only minor party candidate to receive an electoral vote in that year's U.S. presidential election. Background John Hospers was born to a Dutch-American family in Pella, Iowa, on June 9, 1918, the son of Dena Helena (Verhey) and John De Gelder Hospers. He graduated from Central College in 1939 before earning an MA in English from the University of Iowa in 1942 and a PhD in philosophy from Columbia University in 1946. He conducted research, wrote, and taught in areas of philosophy, including aesthetics and ethics. He taught philosophy at the University of Minnesota, Brooklyn College, California State College Los Angeles (1966–1968) and at the University of Souther ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1972 United States Presidential Election
Presidential elections were held in the United States on November 7, 1972. Incumbent Republican President Richard Nixon and Vice President Spiro Agnew defeated Democratic Senator George McGovern and former Ambassador Sargent Shriver in a landslide victory. With 60.7% of the popular vote, Richard Nixon won the largest share of the popular vote for the Republican Party in any presidential election. Nixon swept aside challenges from two Republican representatives in the Republican primaries to win renomination. McGovern, who had played a significant role in changing the Democratic nomination system after the 1968 U.S. presidential election, mobilized the anti-Vietnam War movement and other liberal supporters to win the Democratic nomination. Among the candidates he defeated were early front-runner Edmund Muskie, 1968 nominee Hubert Humphrey, governor George Wallace, and representative Shirley Chisholm. Nixon emphasized the strong economy and his success in forei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Libertarian Party (United States)
The Libertarian Party (LP) is a Political parties in the United States, political party in the United States. It promotes civil liberties, non-interventionism, Laissez-faire capitalism, ''laissez-faire'' capitalism, and Limited government, limiting the size and scope of government. The world's first explicitly libertarian party, it was conceived in August 1971 at meetings in the home of David Nolan (libertarian), David F. Nolan in Westminster, Colorado, and was officially formed on December 11, 1971, in Colorado Springs, Colorado, Colorado Springs. The organizers of the party drew inspiration from the works and ideas of the prominent Austrian school economist Murray Rothbard. The founding of the party was prompted in part due to concerns about the Presidency of Richard Nixon, Nixon administration's wage and price controls, the Vietnam War, Conscription in the United States#Vietnam War, conscription, and the introduction of fiat money. The party generally supports "personal libert ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pella, Iowa
Pella is a city in Marion County, Iowa, United States, with a population of 10,464 at the time of the 2020 U.S. Census. Founded by immigrants from the Netherlands, it is forty miles southeast of Des Moines. Pella is the home of Central College, as well as several manufacturing companies, including Pella Corporation and Vermeer Manufacturing Company. History In 1847, 800 Dutch immigrants led by Dominee ( Minister) Hendrik "Henry" P. Scholte settled the area known as Pella. The name "Pella" is a reference to Pella of the Decapolis, where the Christians of Jerusalem had found refuge during the Roman–Jewish war of 70; the name was selected because the Dominee and his followers sought religious freedom as well. Pella was the childhood home of Wyatt Earp, whose father Nicholas Porter Earp had settled on a farm near Pella. His brothers Warren and Morgan were born in Pella. On July 19, 2018, a destructive EF3 tornado struck the Vermeer manufacturing plant in the city. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brooklyn College
Brooklyn College is a public university in Brooklyn in New York City, United States. It is part of the City University of New York system and enrolls nearly 14,000 students on a campus in the Midwood and Flatbush sections of Brooklyn as of fall 2023. New York City's first public coeducational liberal arts college, the college was formed in 1930 by the merger of the Brooklyn branches of Hunter College (centered in Manhattan), then a women's college, and of the City College of New York (also Manhattan), then a men's college. Once tuition-free, the city's 1975 fiscal crisis ended the free tuition policy. The college also consolidated to its main campus. Prominent alumni of Brooklyn College include US senators, federal judges, US financial chairmen, Olympians, CEOs, and recipients of Academy Awards, Emmy Awards, Pulitzer Prizes, and Nobel Prizes. College history Early decades Brooklyn College was founded in 1930. That year, as directed by the New York City Board of Higher Educati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central College (Pella, Iowa)
Central College is a private college in Pella, Iowa, United States. Affiliated with the Reformed Church in America, the college was founded in 1853 and has been accredited by the Higher Learning Commission or its predecessor since 1942. Central has a student body of approximately 1,100 undergraduates. and more than 70 academic programs. History The Baptist Convention of Iowa founded Central University of Iowa in 1853 and it officially opened on October 8, 1854. The first class totaled 37 people. Central was a Baptist institution until 1916, when it was transferred to the control of the Reformed Church in America. Since 1886, Iowa Baptists had shifted their post-secondary education interests to Des Moines College, and hoped to reduce Central to a feeder school. The college was called Central University of Iowa (CUI), at least until 1991. It was renamed "Central College" in 1994. It was home to local radio station 89.1 KCUI-FM and the award-winning newspaper “The Ray.” ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minor Party
A minor party is a political party that plays a smaller (in some cases much smaller, even insignificant in comparison) role than a major party in a country's politics and elections. The difference between minor and major parties can be so great that the membership total, donations, and the candidates that they are able to produce or attract are very distinct. Some of the minor parties play almost no role in a country's politics because of their low recognition, vote and donations. Minor parties often receive very small numbers of votes at an election (to the point of losing any candidate nomination deposit). The method of voting can also assist or hinder a minor party's chances. For example, in an election for more than one member, the proportional representation method of voting can be advantageous to a minor party as can preference allocation from one or both of the major parties. A minor party that follows the direction/directive of some other major parties is called a bloc pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ayn Rand
Alice O'Connor (born Alisa Zinovyevna Rosenbaum; , 1905March 6, 1982), better known by her pen name Ayn Rand (), was a Russian-born American writer and philosopher. She is known for her fiction and for developing a philosophical system which she named ''Objectivism''. Born and educated in Russia, she moved to the United States in 1926. After two early novels that were initially unsuccessful and two Broadway theatre, Broadway plays, Rand achieved fame with her 1943 novel ''The Fountainhead''. In 1957, she published her best-selling work, the novel ''Atlas Shrugged''. Afterward, until her death in 1982, she turned to non-fiction to promote her philosophy, publishing her own Objectivist periodicals, periodicals and releasing several collections of essays. Rand advocated reason and rejected faith and religion. She supported Rational egoism, rational and ethical egoism as opposed to Altruism (ethics), altruism and hedonism. In politics, she condemned the initiation of force as immor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Objectivism
Objectivism is a philosophical system named and developed by Russian-American writer and philosopher Ayn Rand. She described it as "the concept of man as a heroic being, with his own happiness as the moral purpose of his life, with productive achievement as his noblest activity, and reason as his only absolute"."About the Author" in Rand first expressed Objectivism in her fiction, most notably ''The Fountainhead'' (1943) and ''Atlas Shrugged'' (1957), and later in non-fiction essays and books. Leonard Peikoff, a professional philosopher and Rand's designated intellectual heir, later gave it a more formal structure. Peikoff characterizes Objectivism as a "closed system" insofar as its "fundamental principles" were set out by Rand and are not subject to change. However, he stated that "new implications, applications and integrations can always be discovered". Objectivism's main tenets are that reality exists independently of consciousness, that human beings have direct contact ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central College (Iowa)
Central College is a private college in Pella, Iowa, United States. Affiliated with the Reformed Church in America, the college was founded in 1853 and has been accredited by the Higher Learning Commission or its predecessor since 1942. Central has a student body of approximately 1,100 undergraduates. and more than 70 academic programs. History The Baptist Convention of Iowa founded Central University of Iowa in 1853 and it officially opened on October 8, 1854. The first class totaled 37 people. Central was a Baptist institution until 1916, when it was transferred to the control of the Reformed Church in America. Since 1886, Iowa Baptists had shifted their post-secondary education interests to Des Moines College, and hoped to reduce Central to a feeder school. The college was called Central University of Iowa (CUI), at least until 1991. It was renamed "Central College" in 1994. It was home to local radio station 89.1 KCUI-FM and the award-winning newspaper “The Ray.” ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Letters Of Ayn Rand
''Letters of Ayn Rand'' is a book derived from the letters of the novelist and philosopher Ayn Rand. It was published in 1995, 13 years after Rand's death. It was edited by Michael Berliner with the approval of Rand's estate. Background When Rand died in 1982, the materials in her estate included copies of over 2000 letters written by her between 1926 and 1981. Berliner selected "approximately 35 to 40 percent of the total" for publication. He also edited the letters to remove "less interesting material", such as opening and closing statements or apologies by Rand for not writing someone sooner after they had written her. Discussing the letters in the context of a later controversy over the editing of Rand's published journals, historian Jennifer Burns affirmed that Berliner had only omitted material rather than changed the content. The hardcover edition of ''Letters of Ayn Rand'' was published by Dutton in 1995. A paperback edition was published by Plume in 1997. Contents Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Netherland Institute
The New Netherland Institute (formerly Friends of the New Netherland Project) is a non-profit organization created to support the translation and publication of 17th-century Dutch documents from the period of the Dutch colonization of New Netherland. This effort began when the New Netherland Project was established in 1974 by the New York State Library The New York State Library is a research library in Albany, New York, United States. It was established in 1818 to serve the state government of New York and is part of the New York State Education Department. The library is one of the large ... and the Holland Society of New York. As of 2013, it has translated over 7,000 pages of documents. The institute also supports the New Netherland Research Center, which opened in 2010 at the New York State Library. One of the primary goals of the Project is to make documentary evidence from the Dutch colony available to American scholars who are unable to read seventeenth-century Du ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
