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Homayoon Hariri
Nasir al-Din Muhammad (6 March 1508 – 27 January 1556), commonly known by his regnal name Humayun (), was the second Mughal emperor, who ruled over territory in what is now Eastern Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Northern India, and Pakistan from 1530 to 1540 and again from 1555 to his death in 1556. At the time of his death, the Mughal Empire spanned almost one million square kilometers. On 26 December 1530, Humayun succeeded his father Babur to the throne of Delhi as ruler of the Mughal territories in the Indian subcontinent. Humayun was an inexperienced ruler when he came to power at the age of 22. His half-brother Kamran Mirza inherited Kabul and Kandahar, the northernmost parts of their father's empire; the two half-brothers became bitter rivals. Early in his reign, Humayun lost his entire empire to Sher Shah Suri but regained it 15 years later with Safavid aid. His return from Persia was accompanied by a large retinue of Persian noblemen, signaling an important change in Mug ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tāj-i 'Izzat
The ''Tāj-i 'Izzat'' ("Crown of Power and Glory") was a particular type of Mughal Empire headdress, characteristic of the court of Humayun (1508–1556), son and successor of Babur, and invented by Humayun himself. The headdress was created by Humayun in 1532 (939 AH), two years after his first accession as Mughal Emperor. The ''Tāj-i 'Izzat'' was discontinued early in the reign of his son Akbar I. In creating the ''Tāj-i 'Izzat'', it is thought that Humayun probably tried to emulate and rival the Persian '' Taj-i Haydari'', created by the Safavids as a symbol of their Sufi organization. The creation of the ''Tāj-i 'Izzat'' may have been a reaction to Babur's allegiance to the Safavids, and part of Humayun's attempt to create a spiritual system that could rival that of the Safavids. File:Contemporary portrait of Humayun (painted in Kabul, in 1550-55) Enhanced.jpg, Contemporary life-time portrait of Humayun, painted in Kabul, in 1550-55 File:Humayun attendants, with Tāj-i 'I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Delhi
Delhi, officially the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi, is a city and a union territory of India containing New Delhi, the capital of India. Straddling the Yamuna river, but spread chiefly to the west, or beyond its Bank (geography), right bank, Delhi shares borders with the state of Uttar Pradesh in the east and with the state of Haryana in the remaining directions. Delhi became a union territory on 1 November 1956 and the NCT in 1995. The NCT covers an area of . According to the 2011 census, Delhi's city proper population was over 11 million, while the NCT's population was about 16.8 million. The topography of the medieval fort Purana Qila on the banks of the river Yamuna matches the literary description of the citadel Indraprastha in the Sanskrit epic ''Mahabharata''; however, excavations in the area have revealed no signs of an ancient built environment. From the early 13th century until the mid-19th century, Delhi was the capital of two major empires, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mughal–Rajput Wars
The Mughal–Rajput wars were a series of battles between various Rajput Kingdoms and Dynasties with the Mughal Empire. The conflict originated with the invasion of India by Timurid King Babur, to which the most powerful Rajput state, Kingdom of Mewar under Rana Sanga, offered staunch resistance. The conflicts went on since 1526 for over 200 years. The conflict can broadly be divided into three phases: 1526 to 1556, which was indecisive; the second happened between 1556 and 1679, largely in Mughal favour; and third between 1679 and 1799, a period marked by Rajput dominance. The primary reason of the war was the expansionist policy of Mughal Empire which was initially opposed. However, later supported by most Rajput kingdoms due to the destructive war led out by Rajput Emperor Rao Maldeo Rathore of Marwar against his fellow Rajputs, which left most of the Rajput Kingdoms weak and prone to attack by Islam, which was used by Mughal Emperor Akbar to ally himself with most of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mughal Army
The army of the Mughal Empire was the force by which the Mughal emperors established their empire in the 16th century and expanded it to its greatest extent at the beginning of the 18th century. Although its origins, like the Mughals themselves, were in the cavalry-based armies of central Asia, its essential form and structure was established by the empire's third emperor, Akbar. The regular forces were mainly recruited and fielded by '' Mansabdar'' officers. During the 17th century, the Mughal empire possessed the largest military on earth, with its strength numbering 911,400-4,039,097 infantry and 342,696 cavalry. Alternatively, according to the census by Abul Fazl, the size of the army was roughly about 4.4 million, with less than half a million trained as cavalry; and modern India historians suggest there were 26 million personnel. The Mughals were considered a dominant military force in India, employing their superior engineering to military affairs and logistic mastery. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islam
Islam is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the Quran, and the teachings of Muhammad. Adherents of Islam are called Muslims, who are estimated to number Islam by country, 2 billion worldwide and are the world's Major religious groups, second-largest religious population after Christians. Muslims believe that Islam is the complete and universal version of a Fitra, primordial faith that was revealed many times through earlier Prophets and messengers in Islam, prophets and messengers, including Adam in Islam, Adam, Noah in Islam, Noah, Abraham in Islam, Abraham, Moses in Islam, Moses, and Jesus in Islam, Jesus. Muslims consider the Quran to be the verbatim word of God in Islam, God and the unaltered, final revelation. Alongside the Quran, Muslims also believe in previous Islamic holy books, revelations, such as the Torah in Islam, Tawrat (the Torah), the Zabur (Psalms), and the Gospel in Islam, Injil (Gospel). They believe that Muhammad in Islam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maham Begum
Maham Begum or Mahim Begum (d. 16 April 1534) was the empress consort of the Mughal Empire from 21 April 1526 to 26 December 1530 as the third wife and chief consort of Babur, the founder of the Mughal Empire and the first Mughal emperor. She was the mother of Babur's eldest surviving son and eventual successor, Humayun. She was the first recipient of the imperial title Padshah Begum, a formal designation of being the first lady of the Mughal court. Maham Begum is also frequently mentioned in the ''Humayun-nama'' by her adoptive daughter Gulbadan Begum, who refers to her as "lady" and "my Lady" (''aka'' and ''akam'', respectively). Family and lineage Contemporary records give no specific information regarding Maham Begum's parentage. Babur's autobiography, the ''Baburnama'', makes little mention of their wedding and says nothing about Maham's family. However, there is evidence to suggest that a certain Khwaja Muhammad Ali (referred to as "uncle" by Gulbadan) was Maham's brot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Timurid Dynasty
The Timurid dynasty, self-designated as Gurkani (), was the ruling dynasty of the Timurid Empire (1370–1507). It was a Sunni Islam, Sunni Muslim dynasty or Barlās clan of Turco-Mongol originB.F. Manz, ''"Tīmūr Lang"'', in Encyclopaedia of Islam, Online Edition, 2006''Encyclopædia Britannica'',Timurid Dynasty, Online Academic Edition, 2007. (Quotation: "Turkic-Mongol" dynasty descended from the conqueror Timur (Tamerlane), renowned for its brilliant revival of artistic and intellectual life in Iran and Central Asia. ... Trading and artistic communities were brought into the capital city of Herat, where a library was founded, and the capital became the centre of a renewed and artistically brilliant Persian culture.") descended from the warlord Timur (also known as Tamerlane). The word "Gurkani" derives from "Gurkan", a Persianized form of the Mongolian word "Kuragan" meaning "son-in-law". This was an honorific title used by the dynasty as the Timurids were in-laws of the line ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mughal Dynasty
The Mughal dynasty () or the House of Babur (), was a Central Asian dynasty of Turco-Mongol tradition, Turco-Mongol origin that ruled large parts of the Indian subcontinent from the early 16th to the 19th century. The dynasty was a cadet branch of the Timurid dynasty, which had ruled in parts of Central Asia and Iran in the 14th and 15th centuries. The Mughals originated as a branch of the Central Asian Timurid dynasty, Timurid Dynasty which belonged to the Barlas, Barlas tribe, which was a branch of the Borjigin Clan. Babur (1483–1530), the founder of the Mughal dynasty, was a direct descendant of the Asian conqueror Timur, Timur (Tamerlane) through his father and Mongol emperor Genghis Khan through his mother. Many of the later Mughal emperors had significant Indian and Persian ancestry through marriage alliances. During much of the Empire's history, the emperor functioned as the absolute Head of State, Head of government and Head of the military, while during its declinin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sakina Banu Begum
Sakina Banu Begum (died 25 August 1604) was a Mughal princess and a daughter of Mughal emperor Humayun. Life Sakina Banu Begum was the daughter of Emperor Humayun, and his wife Mah Chuchak Begum. Her siblings included, Mirza Muhammad Hakim, Farrukh Fal Mirza, Bakht-un-Nissa Begum, and Amina Banu Begum. Sakina Banu Begum was married to Shah Ghazi Khan, the cousin of Naqib Khan Qazvini, a personal friend of Akbar. His uncle Qazi Isa had long served as the Qadi of Iran, came to India and was taken into government service. In 1573, after his death, Naqib Khan reported to Akbar that he had left his daughter to him. Akbar went to Naqib's house and married her. Thus, two of his cousins were married into the imperial family. In 1578, Sakina Banu Begum was sent to Kabul, before Akbar's second march on the city. Her brother at that point seemed to have conducted negotiations with the Abdulkhairi Uzbek of the Marwa-un-nahr and with the Safavids, who treated him as a sovereign ruler as wel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mirza Muhammad Hakim
Shahzada Mirza Muhammad Hakim (29 April 1553 – 10 October 1585), sometimes known simply as Mirza Hakim, was the third son of the Mughal emperor Humayun. He ruled Kabul in Afghanistan, and often conflicted with his elder brother, Emperor Akbar, who he later on mended ways with. He was the son of Mah Chuchak Begum. Mirza Hakim was the ruler of Kabul, and was practically independent, although supposed to owe fealty to the Mughal emperor. Invasion of Afghanistan As per the ''Tabakat-i-Akbari'' of Nizamuddin Ahmad, Mughal Emperor Akbar had dispatched Mirza Hakim, who was a staunch adherent of the missionary-minded Naqshbandi Sufi order, against the "infidels" of Katawar in 1582. Hakim was a semi-independent governor of Kabul. The ''Sifat-nama-yi Darviš Muhammad Hān-i Ğāzī'' of Kadi Muhammad Salim who accompanied the expedition mentions its details. The ''Sifat-nama'' gives Mirza Muhammad Hakim the epithet of '' Darviš Khan Gazi''. Mirza Muhammad Darvish Khan Gazi's religi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bakht-un-Nissa Begum
Bakht-un-Nissa Begum ( 1547 – 2 June 1608) was a Mughal princess and a daughter of the Mughal emperor Humayun. Birth Bakht-un-Nissa Begum was born in 1547 in Badakhshan. Her mother was Mah Chuchak Begum. On the night of her birth Humayun had a dream, and it occurred to him that she be named ''Bakht-un-Nissa'' (). Her siblings included Mirza Muhammad Hakim, Farrukh Fal Mirza, Sakina Banu Begum, and Amina Banu Begum. Marriages Shah Abdul Ma'ali During Mah Chuchak Begum's rule at Kabul, Shah Abdul Ma'ali, who belonged to the family of the great Sayyids of Termez, who had escaped from the prison at Lahore, arrived at Kabul and approached her for refuge. Mah Chuchak welcomed him, was generous to him and gave her daughter Bakht-un-Nissa Begum's hand in marriage to him. However, soon Abdul Ma'ali grew tired of the dominating and interfering ways of Mah Chuchak. He wanted Kabul for himself. So he killed Mah Chuchak in 1564. Hakim Mirza was rescued by Sulaiman Mirza of Badakshan, who def ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bakshi Banu Begum
Bakshi Banu Begum (; born September 1540—died 1596) was a Mughal princess and was the second daughter of Emperor Humayun and his consort Gunwar Bibi. Bakshi Banu was thus the older half-sister of the Mughal Emperor Akbar. Early life Bakshi Banu Begum was born in September 1540 in Delhi. Her mother was Bibi Gunwar. Gulbadan Begum noted in 'Humayunama' that during Gunwar's pregnancy everyone said, 'a son will be born'. In 1543, she was part of the large group of Humayun loyalists who fell into the hands of Askari Mirza, Humayun's half-brother; her infant half-brother Akbar (born in 1542) was also part of the party. In the depth of the winter of 1545, she was sent with Akbar from Qandahar to Kabul by the orders of her uncle, Askari Mirza; the two children were escorted by their attendants and foster mothers. Betrothal to Ibrahim Mirza In 1550, at the age of ten, Bakshi Banu was betrothed by her father to Ibrahim Mirza, eldest son of Sulaiman Shah Mirza, Governor of Badakhshan, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
