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Hodna Mountains
The Hodna Mountains (, ) are a mountain massif in northeastern Algeria. It rises on the northern side of the Hodna natural region in the M'Sila Province, near the town of Maadid around 200 km southeast of Algiers. These mountains are one of the ranges of the Saharan Atlas, part of the Atlas Mountain System. Geography and vegetation The Hodna Mountain ridge is located south of Kabylie. It sits at a parallel latitude in a roughly east–west direction between the Bibans in the northwest and the Belezma Range in the east. The highest peak, at 1,902 meters, is the Djebel Tachrirt; another important summit is 1,659 m high. This mountain is a part of an important religious pilgrimage of some native tribes of Algerians. Djebel Guetiane, both located in the easternmost range of the Hodna chain already in Batna Province, towards the transition zone with the Aurès Mountains. The Maadid Range, the Kiyāna Range and the 'Aqqār Range are other subranges of the Hodna Mountains. The Hod ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beni Hammad Fort
Qal'at Bani Hammad (), also known as Qal'a Bani Hammad or Qal'at of the Beni Hammad (among other variants), is a fortified palatine city in Algeria. Now in ruins, in the 11th century, it served as the first capital of the Hammadid dynasty. It is in the Hodna Mountains northeast of M'Sila, at an elevation of , and receives abundant water from the surrounding mountains. The site is near the town of Maadid (aka Maadhid), about southeast of Algiers, in the Maghreb. In 1980, it was inscribed as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO under the name Al Qal'a of Beni Hammad, and described as "an authentic picture of a fortified Muslim city". The town includes a long line of walls. Inside the walls are four residential complexes, and the largest mosque built in Algeria after that of Mansurah. It is similar in design to the Grand Mosque of Kairouan, with a tall minaret, . Excavations have brought to light numerous terracotta, jewels, coins and ceramics testifying to the high level of civi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Belezma Range
The Belezma Range, also transliterated as Belzma (), is a prolongation of the Aurès Mountains, at the confluence of the Tell Atlas and the Saharan Atlas in northeastern Algeria. It is separated from the main Aurès Range by the Batna, Algeria, Batna-El Kantara basin. Geography and vegetation The ridge is roughly aligned in an E-W direction. It is located at the western end of the Aurès Range, with the Hodna Mountains to the west. The highest peak, at , is the Djebel Refâa. Other important peaks are high Djebel Tichaou and Djebel Touggourt (meaning 'Cedar Peak'). The Belezma Range has one of the most important natural Atlas Cedar forests of Algeria. It is qualified as a 'dry facies' pure forest owing to its location and the influence of the large deserts nearby, being located only north of the El Kantara gorges, and there has been a high mortality of the trees in recent times. The Belezma mountains have been traditionally inhabited by the ''Houaras'' Chaoui people. There is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sousse
Sousse, Sūsah , or Soussa (, ), is a city in Tunisia, capital of the Sousse Governorate. Located south of the capital Tunis, the city has 271,428 inhabitants (2014). Sousse is in the central-east of the country, on the Gulf of Hammamet, which is a part of the Mediterranean Sea. Its economy is based on transport equipment, processed food, olive oil, textiles, and tourism. It is home to the Université de Sousse. Toponymy ''Sousse'' and ''Soussa'' are both French spellings of the Arabic name ''Sūsa''. The present city has also grown to include the ruins of Hadrumetum, which had Hadrumetum#Names, many names in several languages during classical antiquity, antiquity.Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World, Gazeteer, page 511, Map 33 Theveste-Hadrumetum, Compiled by R.B. Hitchner, 1997, in file BATL033_.PDF iB_ATLAS.ZIP froPrinceton University Press , Subjects, [http://press.princeton.edu/catalogs/subjects/arc.html Archaeology and Ancient History , Barrington Atlas of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abu Yazid
Abū Yazīd Makhlad ibn Kaydād Dajjal (; – 19 August 947), was a member of the Ibadi sect. He opposed the Ismaili Shia rule of the Fatimids in North Africa and sought to restore Ibadi dominance in the region. Known as the Man on the Donkey () due to his humble means of transport, Abu Yazid led a rebellion against the Fatimid Caliphate in Ifriqiya (modern Tunisia and eastern Algeria) starting in 944, rallying various Berber tribes and disaffected groups against the Fatimids. His forces initially achieved significant victories, even threatening the Fatimid capital of Mahdia, al-Mahdiyya. Abu Yazid conquered Kairouan for a time, but was eventually driven back and defeated by the Fatimid caliph al-Mansur bi-Nasr Allah in 947, Abu Yazid escaped following a siege, but was wounded and captured. He died of his wounds several days later. Early life Abu Yazid's father Kaydad was a Zenata Berbers, Berber from Taqyus or Tozeur in the district of Chott el Djerid, then still known by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
UNESCO
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO ) is a List of specialized agencies of the United Nations, specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) with the aim of promoting world peace and International security, security through international cooperation in education, arts, sciences and culture. It has 194 Member states of UNESCO, member states and 12 associate members, as well as partners in the Non-governmental organization, non-governmental, Intergovernmental organization, intergovernmental and private sector. Headquartered in Paris, France, UNESCO has 53 regional field offices and 199 National Commissions for UNESCO, national commissions. UNESCO was founded in 1945 as the successor to the League of Nations' International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation.English summary). UNESCO's founding mission, which was shaped by the events of World War II, is to advance peace, sustainable development and human rights by facilitating collaboratio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World Heritage Site
World Heritage Sites are landmarks and areas with legal protection under an treaty, international treaty administered by UNESCO for having cultural, historical, or scientific significance. The sites are judged to contain "cultural and natural heritage around the world considered to be of outstanding value to humanity". To be selected, a World Heritage Site is nominated by its host country and determined by the UNESCO's World Heritage Committee to be a unique landmark which is geographically and historically identifiable, having a special cultural or physical significance, and to be under a sufficient system of legal protection. World Heritage Sites might be ancient ruins or historical structures, buildings, cities, deserts, forests, islands, lakes, monuments, mountains or wilderness areas, and others. A World Heritage Site may signify a remarkable accomplishment of humankind and serve as evidence of humanity's intellectual history on the planet, or it might be a place of grea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grand Mosque Of Kairouan
The Great Mosque of Kairouan (), also known as the Mosque of Uqba (), is a mosque situated in the World Heritage Site, UNESCO World Heritage town of Kairouan, Tunisia and is one of the largest Islamic monuments in North Africa. Established by the Arab general Uqba ibn Nafi in the year 50 Islamic calendar , AH (670 C.E.) at the founding of the city of Kairouan, the mosque occupies an area of over . It is one of the oldest places of worship in the Muslim world, Islamic world, and is a model for all later mosques in the Maghreb.''Great Mosque of Kairouan'' (discoverislamicart.org) Its perimeter, of about , contains a hypostyle prayer hall, a marble-paved courtyard and a square minaret. In addition to its spiritual prestige, the Mosque of Uqba is on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mansoura, Tlemcen
Mansourah ( - „victorious“) is a town and commune in Tlemcen Province in Northwestern Algeria. The town is the seat of Mansourah District. Population According to the 2008 census the town has population of 49,007 inhabitants and totally its commune has 49,150 inhabitants. The town is effectively a suburb of the provincial capital Tlemcen. Mansourah and Tlemcen form together an intercommunal urban agglomeration with 173,531 inhabitants. History The settlement was founded by the Marinids in 1303 AD as a fortified base for their siege of Tlemcen. The site quickly grew into a large city with tens of thousands of inhabitants. Landmarks The main landmark of Mansourah is the Tlemcen National Park with the ruins of the fortified city and the Mansourah Mosque Mansourah Mosque () is a ruined historic mosque in the city of Mansourah, Algeria, dates back to the Marinid dynasty. It consists of a part of the Mansourah Castle. The excavation has revealed regarding the design of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hammadid
The Hammadid dynasty (), also known as the Hammadid Emirate or the Kingdom of Bejaia, was a medieval Islamic kingdom in the central Maghreb, encompassing what is now Algeria. It was established at the beginning of the 11th century when Hammad ibn Buluggin declared himself emir, thus splitting the Zirid domains into two separate dynasties. Under the reign of Emir Al Nasir, the emirate briefly became the most important state in the Maghreb, and reached its greatest territorial extent, stretching from Tlemcen in the west to Tunis in the east, and from the Mediterranean Sea in the north to the desert oasis of Ouargla and Oued Righ in the south. While they briefly controlled the principality of Fez in the west and cities like Sfax, Kairouan, Laribus, and Tripoli to the east. At first, Hammad built a fortified city that would serve as the capital for his newly declared kingdom. Later, upon the arrival of the Arabic Banu Hilal tribes, the capital would be replaced by another ci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Talweg
In geography, hydrography, and fluvial geomorphology, a thalweg or talweg () is the line or curve of lowest elevation within a valley or watercourse. Normally only the horizontal position of the curve is considered (as viewed on a map); the corresponding vertical position is represented in a '' stream profile''. Under international law, a thalweg is instead taken to be the middle of the primary navigable channel of a waterway which is the default legal presumption for the boundary between entities such as states. Thalwegs can have local proprietorial and administrative significance because their formerly somewhat shifting position, reliant on renewed soundings, now more fixed as described internationally, is part of centuries-old custom and practice in some jurisdictions. In some jurisdictions and between some states the median line (between banks) is the preferred boundary presumption as may extend from estuaries. Also being easy to map, drawing "turning points" are the solutio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xerophile
A xerophile () is an extremophilic organism that can grow and reproduce in conditions with a low availability of water, also known as water activity. Physics Water activity, a thermodynamical value denoted , is defined as the partial water vapor pressure in equilibrium with the substance relative to (divided by) the (partial) vapor pressure of pure water at the same temperature: a_w \equiv \frac The thermodynamical water activity is thus equal to the relative humidity (RH), and the chemical activity of pure water is equal to one: When the atmosphere above a substance, or a solution, is undersaturated in water vapor , its water activity is lower than one. Xerophiles are "xerotolerant", meaning tolerant of dry conditions. They can often survive in environments with water activity below 0.8; above which is typical for most life on Earth. Typically xerotolerance is used with respect to matrix drying, where a substance has a low water concentration. These environments incl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boutaleb, Algeria
Boutaleb is a town and commune in Setif Province in north-eastern Algeria. The city contains is an Arab tribe (Ahl Boutaleb) from the Ayad, a branch of the Banu Hilal The Banu Hilal () was a confederation of Arab tribes from the Najd region of the central Arabian Peninsula that emigrated to the Maghreb region of North Africa in the 11th century. They ruled the Najd, and campaigned in the borderlands between I .... References Communes of Sétif Province Sétif Province {{Sétif-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
