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Hitfun
In Mandaean cosmology, Hiṭfun (written Mandaic: Hiṭpun) or Hiṭfon (Hiṭpon) () is a great dividing river separating the World of Darkness from the World of Light. It is mentioned in Hymn 25 of the third book of the '' Left Ginza''. The river of Hiṭfun is analogous to the river Styx in Greek mythology and Hubur in Mesopotamian mythology. It is also known as ''hapiqia mia'' or ''hafiqia mia'' (), which means "streams/springs of water" or "outflowing water." The water is fresh, and is located in a realm that is situated between Abatur's and Yushamin's realms. In Mandaean scriptures The '' Scroll of Abatur'' has many illustrations of boats ferrying souls across this river. According to the '' 1012 Questions'', masiqta rituals are needed to guide departed souls across the river and into the World of Light. In chapters 36, 51, and 55 of the ''Mandaean Book of John'', the river Kšaš is the river that the souls of the dead must cross in order to reach the World of Light. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sanzu River
The is a mythological river in Buddhism in Japan, Japanese Buddhist tradition similar to the Chinese mythology, Chinese concept of Diyu, Huang Quan (Yellow Springs), Indian religions, Indian concept of the Vaitarani (mythology), Vaitarani and Greek mythology, Greek concept of the Styx. Before reaching the afterlife, the souls of the deceased must cross the river by one of three crossing points: a bridge, a ford, or a stretch of deep, snake-infested waters. The weight of one's offenses while alive determines which path an individual must take. It is believed that a toll of six Japanese mon (currency), mon must be paid before a soul can cross the river, a belief reflected in Japanese funerals when the necessary fee is placed in the casket with the dead. The ''Sanzu River'' is popularly believed to be in Mount Osore, a suitably desolate and remote part of Aomori Prefecture in northern Japan. Similarly to the ''Sanzu-no-Kawa'', there is also the , a boundary by which the souls ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Styx
In Greek mythology, Styx (; ; lit. "Shuddering"), also called the River Styx, is a goddess and one of the rivers of the Greek Underworld. Her parents were the Titans Oceanus and Tethys, and she was the wife of the Titan Pallas and the mother of Zelus, Nike, Kratos, and Bia. She sided with Zeus in his war against the Titans, and because of this, to honor her, Zeus decreed that the solemn oaths of the gods be sworn by the water of Styx. Family According to the usual account, Styx was the eldest of the Oceanids, the many daughters of the Titan Oceanus, the great world-encircling river, and his sister-wife, the Titaness Tethys. However, according to the Roman mythographer Hyginus, she was the daughter of Nox ("Night", the Roman equivalent of Nyx) and Erebus (Darkness). She married the Titan Pallas and by him gave birth to the personifications Zelus (Glory, Emulation), Nike (Victory), Kratos (Strength, Dominion), and Bia (Force, Violence). The geographer Pausania ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hubur
Hubur (, Hu-bur) is a Sumerian term meaning "river", "watercourse" or "netherworld." It is usually the "river of the netherworld". Usage and meaning A connection to Tiamat has been suggested with parallels to her description as "Ummu-Hubur". Hubur is also referred to in the Enuma Elish as "mother sea Hubur, who fashions all things". The river Euphrates has been identified with Hubur as the source of fertility in Sumer. This Babylonian "river of creation" has been linked to the Hebrew "river of paradise". Gunkel and Zimmern suggested resemblance in expressions and a possible connection between the Sumerian river and that found in later literary tradition in the Book of Ezekiel () likely influencing imagery of the "River of Water of Life" in the Apocalypse (). They also noted a connection between the "Water of Life" in the legend of Adapa and a myth translated by A.H. Sayce called "An address to the river of creation". Delitzch has suggested the similar Sumerian word Habur prob ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vaitarna River (mythological)
The Vaitarani (), also called the Vaitarana, is a river in Indian religions. Described in the Garuda Purana and various other Hindu religious texts, the Vaitarani lies between the Earth and the infernal Naraka, the realm of Yama, the Hindu god of death. It is believed to be capable of purifying sins. The righteous are stated to see the river filled with nectar-like water, while the sinful see it filled with blood. The Vaitarani is similar to the Styx river in Greek mythology. It is associated with the ''Vaitarani Vrata'', observed on the eleventh day of the dark phase of the moon; the ''Krishna Paksha'' of '' Margashirsha'' in the Hindu calendar, wherein a cow is worshiped and donated, which is believed to take one across the dreaded river as mentioned in the Garuda Purana, verses 77–82. Hinduism Puranas The Garuda Purana states that the Vaitarani extends for over a hundred yojanas. It is stated to be filled with water and blood, and abounds with vultures and fish. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gjöll
Gjöll (Old Norse: ''Gjǫll'' ) is the river that separates the living from the dead in Norse mythology. It is one of the eleven rivers traditionally associated with the Élivágar, rivers that existed in Ginnungagap at the beginning of the world. According to Snorri Sturluson's ''Gylfaginning'', Gjöll originates from the wellspring Hvergelmir in Niflheim, flowing through Ginnungagap, and thence into the worlds of existence. Gjöll is the river that flows closest to the gate of the underworld. Within the Norse mythology, the dead must cross the Gjallarbrú, the bridge over Gjöll, to reach Hel. The bridge, which was guarded by Móðguðr, was crossed by Hermóðr during his quest to retrieve Baldr from the land of the dead. In ''Gylfaginning'', Gjöll is one of eleven rivers that rise from Hvergelmir. In the following chapter, these are called the Élivágar and are said to have flowed in Ginnungagap in primordial times. Gjöll has a parallel with similar mythological rive ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shahrat
In Mandaeism, ''Shahrat'' () is a ship or boat mentioned in the ''Scroll of Abatur''. ''Shahrat'' ferries souls from Tibil across the river Hitpun and into the house of Abatur. According to the Mandaean priest Brikha Nasoraia (2021), it is basically a " space-ship" traveling "faster than the speed of light" through ''ayar'' (ether) to higher realms. In ''Mandaean Book of John'' 55:60–61, the ship ferrying souls to the house of Abatur is described as follows. :I ( Hibil Ziwa) made a ship for the good, :a ferry of souls carrying them, :over to Abatur's house, :who gives them strength and truth from head to toe. See also *Hitfun *Solar barque in ancient Egyptian mythology *Charon In Greek mythology, Charon or Kharon ( ; ) is a psychopomp, the ferryman of the Greek underworld. He carries the souls of those who have been given funeral rites across the rivers Acheron and Styx, which separate the worlds of the living and ..., the ferryman of the underworld in Greek mytholog ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mandaean Scroll Of Abathur
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Mandean or Mandaean may refer to: * Mandaeism, a Gnostic religion * Mandaeans, the ethnoreligious group who follow the Gnostic religion * Mandean, the language family in West Africa known as the Mande languages See also * Mandaic (other), the variety of Aramaic and its alphabet used by the Mandaeans * Mande (other) Mande may refer to: * Mandé peoples of western Africa * Mande languages, their Niger-Congo languages * Manding languages, Manding, a term covering a subgroup of Mande peoples, and sometimes used for one of them, Mandinka people, Mandinka * Garo p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mandaean Book Of John
In Mandaeism, the Book of John () is a Mandaean holy book in Mandaic Aramaic which Mandaeans attribute to their prophet John the Baptist. The book contains accounts of John's life and miracles, as well as a number of polemical conversations with Jesus and tractates where Anush Uthra ( Enosh) performs miracles in the style of Jesus's deeds in Jerusalem. It was compiled around the 7th century A.D. shortly after the Muslim conquest of Persia from various texts, many of which were composed several centuries earlier. It was translated into English in its entirety for the first time by Gelbert & Lofts (2017) and Häberl & McGrath (2020). Translations A German translation, ''Das Johannesbuch der Mandäer'', was published by Mark Lidzbarski in 1915. Another German translation of chapters 18–33 (the "Yahya–Yuhana" chapters) was published by Gabriele Mayer in 2021. Charles G. Häberl and James F. McGrath published a full English translation of the Mandaean Book of John in 2020 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liminality
In anthropology, liminality () is the quality of ambiguity or disorientation that occurs in the middle stage of a rite of passage, when participants no longer hold their pre-ritual status but have not yet begun the transition to the status they will hold when the rite is complete. During a rite's liminal stage, participants "stand at the threshold" between their previous way of structuring their identity, time, or community, and a new way (which completing the rite establishes). The concept of liminality was first developed in the early twentieth century by folklorist Arnold van Gennep and later taken up by Victor Turner. More recently, usage of the term has broadened to describe political and cultural change as well as rites. During liminal periods of all kinds, social hierarchies may be reversed or temporarily dissolved, continuity of tradition may become uncertain, and future outcomes once taken for granted may be thrown into doubt. The dissolution of order during liminality ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yomotsu Hirasaka
In Japanese mythology, Yomotsu Hirasaka ( or ) is a slope or boundary between the world of the dead (Yomi) and the world of the living. Overview The myth, which holds that there is a boundary place between the realms where the living and the dead reside, is an idea that is shared by the Sanzu River and others, and can be found throughout the world. In Japanese mythology, Yomotsu Hirasaka is thought to be an impression from the stone structure of kofun and the road leading to the stone chamber that housed the coffin. In Kojiki, it appears twice in the upper part of the book, and there is a tradition that it is located at Ifuyasaka in Izumo Province. The word "hira" is said to mean "cliff". Places of connection Shimane Prefecture, Matsue City, Higashiizumo Town erected a stone monument in 1940 in Iya, Higashiizumo, Shimane as the place where Hiraizumi Hiraizaka was located. A huge stone, said to be the rock of Senbiki, is also placed at the site. Nearby is the Iya Shrine, wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Piriawis
In Mandaean cosmology, Piriawis (; sometimes also spelled Biriawiš Lidzbarski, Mark. 1920. ''Mandäische Liturgien''. Abhandlungen der Königlichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, phil.-hist. Klasse, NF 17.1. Berlin.), also known as the Yardna Rabba ( "Great Jordan River, Jordan"), is the sacred life-giving river (''yardna'') of the World of Light. It is the dmuta, heavenly counterpart of rivers on Earth (Tibil), which are considered by Mandaeans to be manifestations of the heavenly Piriawis. Shilmai and Nidbai are the two guardian uthras (celestial beings) watching over Piriawis. Qulasta prayers s:Translation:Qolasta/Prayer 13, 13 and s:Translation:Qolasta/Prayer 17, 17 mention Piriawis-Ziwa and Piriafil-Malaka together as uthras. Other names In Book 4 of the ''Right Ginza'', Sindiriawis is mentioned as "the great ''yardna'' of the Life" (). See also *Yardna *Ganga (goddess) in Hinduism *Siniawis, its corresponding opposite in the World of Darkness *Jordan River ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
