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History Of The Jews In Kizlyar
The Jewish community in Kizlyar, located in the Russian Republic of Dagestan, primarily consisted of Mountain Jews, a distinct Jewish group with their own language and customs, originating from the Caucasus region. Some Ashkenazi Jews also lived in Kizlyar, and they were the ones who mostly went into exile.Ilya KarpenkoДжууры в стране гор.''Lechaim.'' July 2007. Jews have lived in Kizlyar since the times of the Russian Empire.Kizlyar. ''Jews Encyclopedia.'' July 9, 2009. History Russian empire * In 1869, 35 Jews lived in Kizlyar.Historical information.''Federation of Jewish Communities of Russia.'' [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hebrew Language
Hebrew (; ''ʿÎbrit'') is a Northwest Semitic language within the Afroasiatic language family. A regional dialect of the Canaanite languages, it was natively spoken by the Israelites and remained in regular use as a first language until after 200 CE and as the liturgical language of Judaism (since the Second Temple period) and Samaritanism. The language was revived as a spoken language in the 19th century, and is the only successful large-scale example of linguistic revival. It is the only Canaanite language, as well as one of only two Northwest Semitic languages, with the other being Aramaic, still spoken today. The earliest examples of written Paleo-Hebrew date back to the 10th century BCE. Nearly all of the Hebrew Bible is written in Biblical Hebrew, with much of its present form in the dialect that scholars believe flourished around the 6th century BCE, during the time of the Babylonian captivity. For this reason, Hebrew has been referred to by Jews as '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Language
Russian is an East Slavic languages, East Slavic language belonging to the Balto-Slavic languages, Balto-Slavic branch of the Indo-European languages, Indo-European language family. It is one of the four extant East Slavic languages, and is the native language of the Russians. It was the ''de facto'' and ''de jure'' De facto#National languages, official language of the former Soviet Union.1977 Soviet Constitution, Constitution and Fundamental Law of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, 1977: Section II, Chapter 6, Article 36 Russian has remained an official language of the Russia, Russian Federation, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan, and is still commonly used as a lingua franca in Ukraine, Moldova, the Caucasus, Central Asia, and to a lesser extent in the Baltic states and Russian language in Israel, Israel. Russian has over 253 million total speakers worldwide. It is the List of languages by number of speakers in Europe, most spoken native language in Eur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Racketeering
Racketeering is a type of organized crime in which the perpetrators set up a coercion, coercive, fraud, fraudulent, extortionary, or otherwise illegal coordinated scheme or operation (a "racket") to repeatedly or consistently collect a profit. The term "racketeering" was coined by the Employers' Association of Greater Chicago, Employers' Association of Chicago in June 1927 in a statement about the influence of organized crime in the International Brotherhood of Teamsters, Teamsters Union.David Witwer, "'The Most Racketeer-Ridden Union in America': The Problem of Corruption in the Teamsters Union During the 1930s", in ''Corrupt Histories'', Emmanuel Kreike and William Chester Jordan, eds., University of Rochester Press, 2004. Specifically, a racket was defined by this coinage as being a service that calls forth its own demand, and would not have been needed otherwise. Narrowly, it means coercion, coercive or fraud, fraudulent business practices; broadly, it can mean any criminal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shabbat
Shabbat (, , or ; , , ) or the Sabbath (), also called Shabbos (, ) by Ashkenazi Hebrew, Ashkenazim, is Judaism's day of rest on the seventh day of the seven-day week, week—i.e., Friday prayer, Friday–Saturday. On this day, religious Jews remember the biblical stories describing the Genesis creation narrative, creation of the heaven and earth in six days and the redemption from slavery and the Exodus from Egypt. Since the Hebrew calendar, Jewish religious calendar counts days from sunset to sunset, Shabbat begins in the evening of what on the civil calendar is Friday. Shabbat observance entails refraining from 39 Melachot, work activities, often with shomer Shabbat, great rigor, and engaging in restful activities to honor the day. Judaism's traditional position is that the unbroken seventh-day Shabbat originated among the Jewish people, as their first and most sacred institution. Variations upon Shabbat are widespread in Judaism and, with adaptations, throughout the Abraham ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
KOMZET
Komzet (, ) was the ''Committee for the Settlement of Toiling Jews on the Land'' (some English sources use the word "working" instead of "toiling") in the Soviet Union. The primary goal of the Komzet was to provide work for the unemployed agricultural Jewish population of the country. Function The Komzet was a government committee whose function was to contribute and distribute the land for new kolkhozes. A complementary public society, the OZET was established in order to assist in moving settlers to a new location, housebuilding, irrigation, training, providing them with cattle and agricultural tools, education, medical and cultural services. The funds were to be provided by private donations, charities and lotteries. History In 1924–1926, the Komzet helped to create several Jewish kolkhozes in various regions, most notably in Crimea, Ukraine and Stavropol region. In 1927, following a failed attempt to establish Jewish autonomy in Crimea, the Birsko-Bidzhansky regio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
OZET
OZET ( romanised: Obshchestvo zemleustroystva yevreyskikh trudyashchikhsya, Yiddish: געזעלשאפט פאר איינארדענען ארבעטנדיקע יידן אויף ערד אין פ.ס.ס.ר romanised: ''Gezelshaft far aynordnen oyf Erd arbetnidke Yidin in F.S.S.R'') was the public Society for Settling Toiling Jews on the Land in the Soviet Union in the period from 1925 to 1938. Some English sources use the word "Working" instead of "Toiling". Background The principal sources of livelihood of the Jews in the Russian Empire were trade and small crafts. After the October Revolution, the Russian Civil War and instability and devastation that followed, these traditional occupations withered. Dictatorship of proletariat, War Communism and command economy were accompanied by persecution of those deemed class enemies or exploiters. As a result, in the early 1920s more than a third of the Jewish population of the USSR were officially counted as '' lishenets'', disenfranchi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kalinino (Dagestan)
Kalinino () is a village in the Kizlyarsky region of Dagestan. It is named after Mikhail Kalinin. It is part of the Bolsheareshevsky rural settlement. Geography The settlement is located on the bank of the Kuruterek canal, 9 km southeast of the center of the rural settlement - Bolshaya Areshevka and 32 km northeast of the city of Kizlyar. History The village was founded in 1927 to provide land for land-poor peasants from Mountain Jews. The Larinsky village council was created, consisting of two settlers named after Shchors (now renamed Kalinin) and later renamed Larinskoye (currently does not exist). The socio-cultural disorder of the village, as well as the lack of water in it, led to the fact that most of the population subsequently left it. In 1929, Mountain Jews moved to the village of Aglobi, to state farms in the city of Derbent, and 50 Russia Germans families moved into the village. They organized the "Landbauer" collective farm in the village. Population A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Larinskoye (Dagestan)
Larinskoye () is an abandoned village in the Kizlyarsky region of Dagestan. The center of the former Larinsky village council, which also included the village named after Mykola Shchors (now renamed Mikhail Kalinin). The village was named after the first chairman of OZET,Mike KleinGo East, Young Jew, Go East September 23, 2020 Yuri Larin. Geography The area where the village was located is designated on topographic maps as the “Larinskoe tract.” It was located 5 km south of the village of Kalinino (Dagestan), Kalinino and 8 km east of the village of Malaya Areshevka, on the Kizlyar-Caspian canal. History In 1927, the Committee for Land Management of Working Jews of Dagestan (prototype of OZET) was created under the Dagestan Central Executive Committee. In the same year, in the Kizlyar Cantons of the Soviet Union, canton, the committee created the Larinskoye village council, which consisted of two resettlement villages named after Larin and named after Mykola Shchors Myko ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Izba
An izba ( rus, изба́, p=ɪzˈba, a=Ru-изба.ogg) is a traditional Russian countryside dwelling. Often a log house, it forms the living quarters of a conventional Russian farmstead. It is generally built close to the road and inside a Yard (land), yard, which also encloses a kitchen garden, hay shed, and barn within a simple woven stick Agricultural fencing, fence. Traditional, old-style izba construction involved the use of simple tools, such as ropes, axes, knives, and spades. Nails were not generally used, as metal was relatively expensive, and neither were saws a common construction tool. Both interior and exterior are of split pine tree trunks, the gap between is traditionally filled with river clay, not unlike the North American log cabin. The dominant building material of Russian vernacular architecture, and material culture generally, for centuries was wood. Specifically houses were made from locally-cut rough-hewn logs, with little or no stone, metal, or glass. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kizlyarsky District
Kizlyarsky District () is an administrativeLaw #16 and municipalLaw #6 district (raion), one of the forty-one in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia. It is located in the north of the republic. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Kizlyar (which is not administratively a part of the district).Law #16 As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 67,287. Administrative and municipal status Within the framework of administrative divisions, Kizlyarsky District is one of the forty-one in the republic. It is divided into nineteen selsoviets, comprising eighty-four rural localities. The town of Kizlyar serves as its administrative center An administrative centre is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune, is located. In countries with French as the administrative language, such as Belgiu ..., despite being incorporated separately as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dessiatin
A dessiatin or desyatina () is an archaic, rudimentary measure of area used in tsarist Russia for land measurement. A dessiatin is equal to 2,400 square sazhens and is approximately equivalent to 2.702 English acres, 10,925 square metres, or 1.09 hectare. See also *Historical Russian units of measurement Historical Russian units of measurement were standardized and used in the Russian Empire and after the Russian Revolution of 1917, Russian Revolution, but were abandoned after 21 July 1925, when the Soviet Union adopted the metric system. The Obs ... Units of area Obsolete units of measurement {{Measurement-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soviet Union
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet Union, it dissolved in 1991. During its existence, it was the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country by area, extending across Time in Russia, eleven time zones and sharing Geography of the Soviet Union#Borders and neighbors, borders with twelve countries, and the List of countries and dependencies by population, third-most populous country. An overall successor to the Russian Empire, it was nominally organized as a federal union of Republics of the Soviet Union, national republics, the largest and most populous of which was the Russian SFSR. In practice, Government of the Soviet Union, its government and Economy of the Soviet Union, economy were Soviet-type economic planning, highly centralized. As a one-party state go ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
