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History Of Train Automation
The history of automatic train operation includes key dates for system introductions of different Grade of Automation. The lower grades, such as the German Punktförmige Zugbeeinflussung introduced in 1934 have been available earlier. Higher grades, such as the driverless operation have been introduced almost only in case automated guideway transit. Prototypes The first North American automatic train stop system for the Boston Elevated Railway was introduced in 1901 by Union Switch and Signal, Union Switch and Signal Company. The first unmanned driving test on rail tracks was conducted in Berlin, Germany, in 1928 near the Krumme Lanke (Berlin U-Bahn), Krumme Lanke station. MP 51 MP 51, the first prototype of Paris' rubber-tyred metro, was fitted with GoA2 automatic train operation, ATO from the start. It operated a quiet 770 m shuttle service with sharp turns and steep grades on ''la voie navette'' of the Paris Métro with passengers from 13 April 1952 until 31 May 19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1967 Stock At Finsbury Park Station - Tompagenet
Events January * January 1 – Canada begins a year-long celebration of the 100th anniversary of Canadian Confederation, Confederation, featuring the Expo 67 World's Fair. * January 6 – Vietnam War: United States Marine Corps and Army of the Republic of Vietnam troops launch ''Operation Deckhouse Five'' in the Mekong Delta. * January 8 – Vietnam War: Operation Cedar Falls starts, in an attempt to eliminate the Iron Triangle (Vietnam), Iron Triangle. * January 13 – A military coup occurs in Togo under the leadership of Étienne Eyadema. * January 15 – Louis Leakey announces the discovery of pre-human fossils in Kenya; he names the species ''Proconsul nyanzae, Kenyapithecus africanus''. * January 23 ** In Munich, the trial begins of Wilhelm Harster, accused of the murder of 82,856 Jews (including Anne Frank) when he led German security police during the German occupation of the Netherlands. He is eventually sentenced to 15 years in prison. ** Milton Keynes in England is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Solar Cell
A solar cell, also known as a photovoltaic cell (PV cell), is an electronic device that converts the energy of light directly into electricity by means of the photovoltaic effect.Solar Cells chemistryexplained.com It is a type of photoelectric cell, a device whose electrical characteristics (such as Electric current, current, voltage, or Electrical resistance and conductance, resistance) vary when it is exposed to light. Individual solar cell devices are often the electrical building blocks of solar panel, photovoltaic modules, known colloquially as "solar panels". Almost all commercial PV cells consist of crystalline silicon, with a market share of 95%. Cadmium telluride thin-film solar cells account for the remainder. The common single-junction silicon solar cell can produce a maximum open-circuit voltage o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
District Line
The District line is a London Underground line running from in the east and Edgware Road tube station (Circle, District and Hammersmith & City lines), Edgware Road in the west to in west London, where it splits into multiple branches. One branch runs to in south-west London and a short branch, with a limited service, only runs for one stop to . The main route continues west from Earl's Court to after which it divides again into two western branches, to Richmond station (London), Richmond and . Printed in green on the Tube map, the line serves 60 stations (more than any other Underground line) over . It is the only Underground line to use a bridge to traverse the River Thames, crossing on both the Wimbledon and Richmond branches. The track and stations between and are shared with the Hammersmith & City line, and between and and on the Edgware Road branch they are shared with the Circle line (London Underground), Circle line. Some of the stations between and are shared ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Circle Line (London Underground)
The Circle line is a spiral-shaped London Underground line, running from Hammersmith in the west to Edgware Road and then looping around central London back to Edgware Road. The railway is below ground in the central section and on the loop east of Paddington. Unlike London's deep-level lines, the Circle line tunnels are just below the surface and are of similar size to those on British main lines. Printed in yellow on the Tube map, the line serves 36 stations, including most of London's main line termini. Almost all of the route, and all the stations, are shared with one or more of the three other sub-surface lines, namely the District, Hammersmith & City and Metropolitan lines. On the Circle and Hammersmith & City lines combined, over 141 million passenger journeys were recorded in 2019. The first section became operational in 1863 when the Metropolitan Railway opened the world's first underground line between Paddington and with wooden carriages and steam locomot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jubilee Line
The Jubilee line is a London Underground line that runs between in suburban north-west London and in east London, via the West End of London, West End, South Bank and London Docklands, Docklands. Opened in 1979, it is the newest line on the Underground network, although some sections of track date back to 1932 and some stations to 1879. The western section of the line between and was previously a branch of the Metropolitan line until 1939 and later a branch of the Bakerloo line until 1979, while the newly built line was completed in two major sections: initially in 1979 to , then in 1999 with Jubilee Line Extension, an extension to Stratford. The later stations are larger and have special Jubilee Line Extension#Design, safety features, both aspects being attempts to Future proofing, future-proof the line. Following the extension to east London, serving areas once poorly connected to the Underground, the line has seen a huge growth in passenger numbers and is the fourth-busi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Northern Line
The Northern line is a London Underground line that runs between North London and South London. It is printed in black on the Tube map. It carries more passengers per year than any other Underground linearound 340million in 2019making it the busiest tube line in London. The Northern line is unique on the network in having two different routes through Central London, two northern branches and two southern branches. Despite its name, it does not serve the northernmost stations on the Underground, though it does serve the southernmost station at Morden tube station, Morden, the terminus of one of the two southern branches. The line's northern termini, all in the London Borough of Barnet, are at and ; is the terminus of a single-station branch line off the High Barnet branch. The two main northern branches run south to join at where two routes, one via in the West End of London, West End and the other via in the City of London, City, continue and then join at in London Boroug ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Victoria Line
The Victoria line is a London Underground line that runs between in South London, and in the east, via the West End of London, West End. It is printed in light blue on the Tube map and is one of the only two lines on the network to run completely underground, the other being the Waterloo & City line. The line was constructed in the 1960s and was the first entirely new Underground line in London for 50 years. It was designed to reduce congestion on other lines, particularly the Piccadilly line and the branch of the Northern line. The first section, from Walthamstow Central to , opened in September 1968 and an extension to followed in December. The line was completed to London Victoria station, Victoria station in March 1969 and was opened by Queen Elizabeth II who rode a train from Green Park tube station, Green Park to Victoria. The southern extension to Brixton opened in 1971, and (the only station in the line without an interchange) was added in 1972. The Victoria line ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central Line (London Underground)
The Central line is a London Underground line that runs between or in the west, and or Hainault Loop, Woodford via Hainault in the north-east, via the West End of London, West End, City of London, the City, and the East End of London, East End. Printed in red on the Tube map, the line serves 49 stations over , making it the network's longest line. It is one of only two lines on the Underground network to cross the Greater London boundary, the other being the Metropolitan line. One of London's London Underground infrastructure#Sub-surface network and deep-level tube lines, deep-level railways traversing narrow tunnels, Central line trains are smaller than those on British main lines. The line was opened as the Central London Railway in 1900, crossing central London on an east–west axis along the central shopping street of Oxford Street to the financial centre of the City of London. It was later extended to the western suburb of Ealing. In the 1930s, plans were created to expa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hainault Tube Station
Hainault (, ) is a London Underground station in Hainault, in London, England. It is on the Hainault loop of the Central line, between Fairlop and Grange Hill stations. It is located in Travelcard Zone 4, and is home to one of the three Central line depots. History The station was opened on 1 May 1903 as part of the Great Eastern Railway's (GER) Fairlop Loop branch line from Woodford to Ilford. The line was designed to stimulate suburban growth, but Hainault station was closed on 1 October 1908 due to a lack of custom and did not reopen until 2 March 1930. In 1923, under the Railways Act 1921, the GER was merged with other railway companies to form the London and North Eastern Railway (LNER). As part of the 1935–1940 New Works Programme of the London Passenger Transport Board, the majority of the loop was transferred from the LNER to form the eastern extensions of the Central line. Although work commenced in 1938, it was suspended upon the outbreak of the Second World Wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Woodford Tube Station
Woodford is a London Underground station in the town of Woodford in the London Borough of Redbridge, East London. It is on the Central line between South Woodford and Buckhurst Hill stations, and is in Travelcard Zone 4. The station also acts as a terminus for the line via the Hainault loop and the next station via this loop is Roding Valley. History The station was originally opened on 22 August 1856 as part of the Eastern Counties Railway branch from Leyton to Loughton. Further alterations were carried out by the successor company, the Great Eastern Railway, including services to Ilford via the Fairlop Loop opened between Woodford and Newbury Park in 1903. After 1923 the station came under the control of the London & North Eastern Railway until transfer to the London Passenger Transport Board (LPTB) on 14 December 1947 as part of the extension of the Central line services of the London Underground. The station acted as a terminus of the Central line, with passengers trans ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
London Underground 1960 Stock
The London Underground 1960 Stock was a class of electric multiple unit for the London Underground Central line (London Underground), Central line. Twelve motor cars were supplied by Cravens, and pairs were made up to four cars by the addition of two converted London Underground Standard Stock, standard stock trailers. A production run of 338 motor cars was shelved, due to the time needed to assess the new features and the cost of converting the trailer cars. Some of the pre-1938 trailers were later replaced by London Underground 1938 Stock, 1938 stock trailers. The trains were used as a test-bed for automatic train operation, where control signals were picked up from the running rails, and all control of the moving train, apart from the initial command to start when leaving a station, was managed by a "black box" controller. The Woodford tube station, Woodford to Hainault tube station, Hainault section of the Central line was used for these tests, in preparation for the introduc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
