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History Of Political Catalanism
The history of Catalan nationalism, Catalan political nationalism, also referred to as Catalanism (), traces its origins to the early years of the Restoration (Spain), Bourbon Restoration in Spain following the failure of the Federalism, federalist system of the short-lived First Spanish Republic. However, its roots extend to the first half of the 19th century, driven by the cultural revival movement known as the ''Renaixença'' and opposition to the centralist model of the liberal Spanish state. Historian J. H. Elliott, John H. Elliott notes that the term "Catalanism," previously associated with cultural movements, began to take on significant political meaning during the Sexenio Democrático, Revolutionary Sexennium (1868–1874). Specifically, the term "Catalanist" emerged around 1870–1871, used by members of and the journal ' to signify ambitions beyond mere Regionalism (politics), regionalism. As a political movement, Catalanism solidified in the late 1880s. Origins of Pol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Senyera (Pl
The Senyera is a vexillological symbol based on the coat of arms of the Crown of Aragon, which consists of four red stripes on a yellow field. This coat of arms, often called ''bars of Aragon'', or simply ''"the four bars"'', historically represented the List of Aragonese monarchs, King of the Crown of Aragon. The senyera pattern is currently in the flag of four Spain, Spanish Autonomous Community, autonomous communities (Aragon, Catalonia, the Balearic Islands, and the Valencian Community), and is the flag of the historically Catalan-speaking city of Alghero (Catalan language, Catalan: ''L'Alguer'') in Sardinia, Italy. It is also used on the coat of arms of Spain, the coat of arms of the Pyrénées-Orientales department and of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, the flag of Roussillon, Capcir, Vallespir, and Provence in France, on the coat of arms of Andorra, and on the local flags of many municipalities belonging to these territories. The Senyera (sometimes together with the flag of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Evaristo Fernández De San Miguel
Evaristo José Fernández San Miguel y Valledor, Duke of San Miguel (26 October 1785–29 May 1862) was a Spanish soldier, politician and writer. He was a deputy in the Cortes Generales in the legislatures of 1841, 1846, 1854-1856. He was named Senator for life in 1851 and Captain General in 1856.. Feito Rodríguez, Honorio"Evaristo José Fernández San Miguel y Valledor." ''Diccionario Biográfico electrónico'' (''DB~e'').''Real Academia de la Historia''. Retrieved 30 December 2022. Military career After having studied Mathematics at the Real Instituto Asturiano in Gijón, and Humanities at Oviedo University,. Gil Novales, Alberto (2010)''Diccionario biográfico de España (1808-1833)'': A/F, pp. 1077-1079.Fundación Mapfre. Retrieved 31 December 2022. San Miguel joined the Army as a cadet in May 1805 in the Regimiento Primero de Voluntarios de Aragón, together with his brother Santos, who would later be promoted to lieutenant general. At the start of the Peninsular War, San ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
El Vapor, Año 1, No
EL, El or el may refer to: Arts and entertainment Fictional entities * El, a character from the manga series ''Shugo Chara!'' by Peach-Pit * Eleven (''Stranger Things'') (El), a fictional character in the TV series ''Stranger Things'' * El, family name of Kal-El (Superman) and his father Jor-El in the Superman dynasty * E.L. Faldt, character in the road comedy film ''Road Trip'' Music * Él Records, an independent record label from the UK founded by Mike Alway * ''Él ''(Lucerito album), a 1982 album by Lucerito * "Él", Spanish song by Rubén Blades from the album '' Caminando'' * "Él" (Lucía song), the Spanish entry performed by Lucía in the Eurovision Song Contest 1982 Other media * ''Él'', 1926 autobiographical novel by Mercedes Pinto * ''Él'' (film), a 1953 film by Luis Buñuel based on the 1926 novel * ''Él'' (visual novel), a 1991 Japanese adult visual novel * EL TV, an Azerbaijani regional television channel Companies and organizations * Estée Lauder Compan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
José Posada Herrera
José Posada Herrera (Llanes, Asturias, 31 March 1814 – 7 September 1885) was a Spanish jurist and politician, President of the Council of Ministers 1883–1884. He was a member of the Dynastic Left The Dynastic Left (, ID) was a Spanish political party founded in 1881 by elements from the Liberal Fusionist Party and the Democratic Progressive Party. Between 1884 and 1886 most of its members returned to the Liberal Fusionist Party, now reb ... party. He was also a senator in his own right from 1884 to 1885, and a deputy during various times from 1839 to 1881. References 1814 births 1885 deaths Prime ministers of Spain Knights of the Golden Fleece of Spain Presidents of the Congress of Deputies (Spain) {{Spain-politician-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Congress Of Deputies
The Congress of Deputies () is the lower house of the , Spain's legislative branch, the upper house being the Senate of Spain, Senate. The Congress meets in the Palacio de las Cortes, Madrid, Palace of the Parliament () in Madrid. Congress has 350 members elected from fifty-two Constituency, constituencies (the fifty Provinces of Spain, provinces and two Autonomous cities of Spain, autonomous cities) using closed list D'Hondt method, D'Hondt proportional representation. Deputies serve four-year terms. The presiding officer and speaker is the President of the Congress of Deputies, who is elected by the members at the first sitting of Congress after an election. The two principal bodies in Congress are Parliamentary group (Spain), parliamentary groups and committee, parliamentary committees (). All MPs are required to be members of a parliamentary group, the institutionalised form of political parties. Groups act with one voice represented by their spokesperson. In other words, th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liberal Union (Spain)
The Liberal Union () was a political party in Spain in the third quarter of the 19th century. It was founded by Leopoldo O'Donnell in 1858 with the intent of forging a compromise and taking a centrist position between the two forces that had hitherto dominated Spanish politics during the reign of Isabella II of Spain, Isabella II. On one side were the forces of conservative liberalism known as the ''doceañistas'', arrayed around the Moderate Party (Spain), Moderate Party. Among their leading figures were the queen mother Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies and General Ramón María Narváez. On the other were Radicalism (historical), radical liberal ''exaltados'' or ''veinteañistas'' arrayed around the Progressive Party (Spain), Progressive Party and the National Militia (Spain), National Militia. Among their leading figures was General Baldomero Espartero. Both parties had fought on the same side in the Carlist Wars, but they had also at times fought against one another, and el ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manuel Durán Y Bas
Manuel Durán y Bas (29 November 1823, Barcelona – 10 February 1907, Barcelona) was one of the leading Spanish jurists of his generation and served as Spanish Minister of Justice in 1899. Life Durán y Bas graduated with a doctorate in law from the University of Barcelona in 1852, was appointed to the chair of commercial law there in 1862 and served as the university's rector in 1896. As a renowned advocate, he represented the interests of the preeminent Catalan families and served on the boards of many academic and commercial institutions. In 1863, Durán y Bas was elected as a member of the Spanish Congress for the province of Barcelona and obtained reelection in 1865, 1879 and 1884. In 1886, he entered the Senate as a representative of the Barcelona Economic Society, and was named senator for life in 1891. From March 4 to October 25, 1899, he served as Minister of Justice in the cabinet of Francisco Silvela. Impact on Spanish law Durán y Bas adhered to Savigny's "histor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Víctor Balaguer I Cirera
Víctor Balaguer i Cirera (; 11 December 1824 – 14 January 1901) was a Spanish politician and author. A native of Barcelona, Catalonia, he was educated at the university there. Biography His first dramatic essay, ''Pepín el jorobado'', was staged in Barcelona when he was fourteen, and at 19 he was publicly "crowned" after the production of his second play, ''Don Enrique el Dadivoso''. From 1843 to 1868 he was the chief of the Liberal Party in Barcelona, and as proprietor and editor of ''El Conseller'' did much to promote the growth of Catalan nationalism. But it was not until 1857 that he wrote his first poem in Catalan – a copy of verses to the Virgin of Montserrat. He was the author of ''Historia de Cataluña y de la Corona de Aragón'' in 5 volumes (Barcelona: Salvador Manero, 1860–63). Henceforward, he frequently adopted the pseudonym of "Lo Trovador de Montserrat"; in 1859 he helped to restore the "Jocs Florals", and in 1861 was proclaimed ''mestre en gay sabe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bienio Progresista
In the history of Spain, the ''bienio progresista'' (, "Progressive Biennium" or "Progressivist Biennium") was the two-year period from July 1854 to July 1856, during which the Progressive Party attempted to reform the political system of the reign of Isabella II, which had been dominated by the Moderate Party since 1843 in the so-called '' década moderada''. The Progressives were ''exaltados'' or ''veinteañistas'', advocates of radical liberalism, in contrast to the conservative liberalism of the ''doceañistas'' or Moderates. Background After a decade of rule by the Moderates, the Spanish were aware of massive government corruption in the entrenched Moderate regime. Furthermore, all but the wealthiest were disenfranchised by a system of census suffrage that left less than one percent of the population eligible to participate in the country's electoral politics. The perceived injustice of this situation provoked protests and subversive movements. These movements were led ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moderate Party (Spain)
The Moderate Party () or Moderate Liberal Party () was one of the two Spanish political parties that contended for power during the reign of Isabel II (reigned 1833–1868). Like the opposing Progressive Party (), it characterised itself as liberal and dynasticist; both parties supported Isabel against the claims of the Carlists. The Moderates contained various factions. Some supported working with Progressives, but others sought closer ties with the Old Regime. However, the party's dominant ideology was adherence to the centrist ''juste milieu'' of the French Doctrinaires. Trajectory The "moderates" or "liberal moderates" were a continuation of the ''doceañistas'', supporters of the Spanish Constitution of 1812 during the '' Trienio Liberal'' ("liberal triennium") of 1820–1823, as opposed to the more radical ''exaltados'' or ''veinteañistas''. In the last years of the reign of Ferdinand VII they had effected a mutual drawing together with the least absolutist ele ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Victor Balaguer
The name Victor or Viktor may refer to: * Victor (name), including a list of people with the given name, mononym, or surname Arts and entertainment Film * ''Victor'' (1951 film), a French drama film * ''Victor'' (1993 film), a French short film * ''Victor'' (2008 film), a TV film about Canadian swimmer Victor Davis * ''Victor'' (2009 film), a French comedy * ''Victor'', a 2017 film about Victor Torres by Brandon Dickerson * ''Viktor'' (2014 film), a Franco/Russian film * ''Viktor'' (2024 film), a documentary of a deaf person's perspective during Russian invasion of Ukraine Music * ''Victor'' (Alex Lifeson album), a 1996 album by Alex Lifeson * ''Victor'' (Vic Mensa album), 2023 album by Vic Mensa * "Victor", a song from the 1979 album ''Eat to the Beat'' by Blondie Businesses * Victor Talking Machine Company, early 20th century American recording company, forerunner of RCA Records * Victor Company of Japan, usually known as JVC, a Japanese electronics corporation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trienio Liberal
The , () or Three Liberal Years, was a period of three years in Spain between 1820 and 1823 when a liberal government ruled Spain after a military uprising in January 1820 by the lieutenant-colonel Rafael del Riego against the absolutist rule of Ferdinand VII. It ended in 1823 when, with the approval of the crowned heads of Europe, a French army invaded Spain and reinstated the King's absolute power. This invasion is known in France as the "Spanish Expedition" () and in Spain as the " Hundred Thousand Sons of Saint Louis." Revolution of Cabezas de San Juan King Ferdinand VII provoked widespread unrest, particularly in the army, by refusing to accept the liberal Spanish Constitution of 1812. The King sought to reclaim the Spanish colonies in the Americas that had recently revolted successfully, consequently depriving Spain of an essential source of revenue. In January 1820, soldiers assembled at Cádiz for an expedition to South America, angry over infrequent pay, bad foo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
