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Hip Hop Genres
List of Music genre, genres of subgenres, Microgenre, micro, and umbrella terms of Hip-hop, rap music. Historical time periods * Rapping, Roots of hip-hop * New-school hip-hop * Golden age hip-hop Subgenres * Alternative hip-hop ** Experimental hip-hop ** Hipster hop * Boom bap * Bounce music, Bounce * UK rap, British hip-hop ** UK rap#Road rap, Road rap * Chopped and screwed * Chopper (rap), Chopper * Christian hip-hop * Cloud rap * Comedy hip-hop * Crunk ** Crunkcore * East Coast hip-hop * Freestyle rap * Funk carioca ** Funk ostentação * Frat rap * G-funk * Hardcore hip-hop ** Dirty rap ** Gangsta rap *** Gangsta rap#Mafioso rap, Mafioso rap ** Horrorcore ** Memphis rap * Hyphy ** Jerkin' * Instrumental hip-hop * Latin hip-hop ** Chicano rap * Lofi hip-hop * Miami bass * Mumble rap * Nerdcore ** Chap hop * Political hip-hop ** Political hip-hop#Conscious hip-hop, Conscious hip-hop * Progressive rap * Religious hip-hop ** Christian hip-hop ** Jewish hip-hop * Slab (car), ...
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Music Genre
A music genre is a conventional category that identifies some pieces of music as belonging to a shared tradition or set of conventions. Genre is to be distinguished from musical form and musical style, although in practice these terms are sometimes used interchangeably. Music can be divided into genres in numerous ways, sometimes broadly and with polarity, e.g., popular music as opposed to art music or folk music, or, as another example, religious music and secular music. Often, however, classification draws on the proliferation of derivative subgenres, fusion genres, and microgenres that has started to accrue, e.g., screamo, country pop, and mumble rap, respectively. The artistic nature of music means that these classifications are often subjective and controversial, and some may overlap. As genres evolve, novel music is sometimes lumped into existing categories. Definitions Douglass M. Green distinguishes between genre and Musical form, form in his book ''Form in Tonal Music''. ...
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Comedy Hip-hop
Comedy hip-hop or comedy rap is a subgenre of hip-hop music designed to be amusing or comedic, compared to artists who incorporate humor into their more serious, purist hip-hop styles. Satirical hip-hop is a variant of comedy hip-hop done in a sarcastic, parodic, or deadpan way. Other forms of comedy rap, such as meme rap and ironic rap, both known for their aggressive and dark comedic approaches, achieved some mainstream success during the 2000s and 2010s. Many examples of comedy hip-hop are parodic. Characteristics Satirical hip-hop may be a parody of the whole genre of hip-hop and/or a form of critical music that uses hip-hop as a vehicle for satirical messages. Musical influence and scope vary, ranging from gangsta rap, mumble rap, trap to alternative hip-hop. The more humorous satirical sub-genre meme rap was created with the intent of becoming viral. In the context of mumble rap, a satirical hip-hop song might involve lo-fi production, use of personas/pseudonyms (e.g ...
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Memphis Rap
Memphis rap, also known as Memphis hip hop, or Memphis horrorcore, is a regional subgenre of hip hop music that originated in Memphis, Tennessee in the mid-late 1980s. Characteristics Memphis rap has been has been characterized as being low budget, using repetitive vocal hooks and a "distorted", lo-fi soundscape that uses the Roland TR-808 drum machine A drum machine is an electronic musical instrument that creates percussion sounds, drum beats, and patterns. Drum machines may imitate drum kits or other percussion instruments, or produce unique sounds, such as synthesized electronic tones. A d ... and minimal synth melodies. The genre commonly features double time Rapping#Flow, flows with Triplet (music), triplet flows, and routinely uses samples ranging from soul music, soul and funk to horror film scores and classical music, as well as hooks from songs by related rappers in the same genre, although DIY ethic#Music, DIY production without sampling is common as well. Becau ...
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Horrorcore
Horrorcore (also called shock rap, horror hip hop, horror rap, death hip hop, death rap, or murder rap) is a subgenre of hip hop music based on horror-themed and often darkly transgressive lyrical content and imagery. Its origins derived from certain hardcore hip hop and gangsta rap artists, such as the Geto Boys, who began to incorporate supernatural, the occult, and psychological horror themes into their lyrics. Other early originators and influences on the genre include Gravediggaz, Flatlinerz, Three 6 Mafia, Brotha Lynch Hung, Necro, and Kool Keith. Unlike most hardcore hip hop and gangster rap artists, horrorcore artists often push the violent content and imagery in their lyrics beyond the realm of realistic urban violence, to the point where the violent lyrics become gruesome, ghoulish, unsettling, or inspired by slasher films or splatter films. While exaggerated violence and the supernatural are common in horrorcore, the genre also frequently presents more re ...
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Gangsta Rap
Gangsta rap or gangster rap, initially called reality rap, is a subgenre of rap music that conveys the culture, values, and experiences of urban gangs and street hustlers, frequently discussing unpleasant realities of the world in general through an urban lens. Emerging in the late 1980s, gangsta rap's pioneers include Schoolly D and Ice-T, later expanding with artists such as N.W.A. In 1992, via record producer and rapper Dr. Dre, rapper Snoop Dogg, and their G-funk sound, gangster rap broadened to mainstream popularity. Gangsta rap has been recurrently accused of promoting disorderly conduct and broad criminality, especially assault, homicide, and drug dealing, as well as misogyny, promiscuity, and materialism. Gangsta rap's defenders have variously characterized it as artistic depictions but not literal endorsements of real life in American ghettos, or suggested that some lyrics voice rage against social oppression or police brutality, and have often accused crit ...
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Dirty Rap
Dirty rap (also known as porno rap, porn rap, sex rap, booty rap, or pornocore) is a subgenre of hip hop music that contains lyrical content revolving mainly around sexually explicit subjects. The lyrics are often overtly explicit and graphic, sometimes to the point of being comical or offensive. Historically, dirty rap often contained a distinctly bass-driven sound, which arose from the popular (and usually sexually explicit) Miami bass rap scene. However, dirty rap has recently also been heavily influenced by Baltimore club, ghetto house, and ghettotech. Many dirty rap songs have been used as soundtracks to pornographic movies since the 2000s, replacing the traditional porn groove. Late 1980s and early 1990s dirty rap The genre had been around since at least the 1970s or the 1980s, with Blowfly's ''Rapp Dirty'' release. However, it was not until later that decade, when Oakland rapper Too Short released the 1983 album '' Don't Stop Rappin''' containing multiple dirty sex ...
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Hardcore Hip-hop
Hardcore hip-hop (also known as hardcore rap) is a subgenre of hip hop music that developed through the East Coast hip hop scene in the 1980s. Pioneered by such artists as Run-DMC, Schoolly D, Boogie Down Productions and Public Enemy, it is generally characterized by anger, aggression and confrontation. History Music experts have credited Run-DMC as the first hardcore hip hop group. Other early artists to adopt an aggressive style were Schoolly D in Philadelphia and Too $hort in Oakland. Before a formula for gangsta rap had developed, artists such as Boogie Down Productions and Ice-T wrote lyrics based on detailed observations of "street life", while the confrontational and aggressive lyrics and chaotic, rough production style of Public Enemy's records set new standards for hardcore hip hop and hip hop production.. AllMusic. Accessed May 12, 2025. Though initially a largely East Coast phenomenon, by the late 1980s, hardcore rap increasingly became largely synonymous with West ...
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G-funk
G-funk, short for gangsta funk, (or funk rap) is a sub-genre of gangsta rap that emerged from the West Coast scene in the early 1990s. The genre is heavily influenced by the synthesizer-heavy 1970s funk sound of Parliament-Funkadelic (aka P-Funk), often incorporated through samples or re-recordings. It is represented by commercially successful albums such as Dr. Dre's '' The Chronic'' (1992), Snoop Dogg's '' Doggystyle'' (1993), and 2Pac's '' All Eyez on Me'' (1996). Characteristics G-funk, which uses funk with an artificially altered tempo, incorporates multi-layered and melodic synthesizers, slow hypnotic grooves, a deep bass, heavy use of the snare drum, background female vocals, the extensive sampling of P-Funk tunes, and a high-pitched portamento saw wave synthesizer lead. G-funk is typically set at between 90 and 100 BPM. The lyrical content depended on the artist; it could consist of sex, drug use (especially marijuana), love for a city, and love for friends. Th ...
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Frat Rap
Frat rap is a subgenre of hip hop music that emerged in the late 2000s. It is sonically easygoing with a straightforward rhyming style and singsong cadence accompanied by a lyrical focal point on coming of age hedonism, which can include campus lifestyle, debaucherous parties, recreational drugs, and women. Frat rap quickly became commercially popular among a predominately white, college-aged, suburban male audience in the northeastern United States. Asher Roth's 2009 song " I Love College" is considered to have initiated the subgenre. Notable frat rappers such as Mac Miller and Lil Dicky later became successful in mainstream hip hop. History The subgenre of frat rap was invented by Asher Roth with the release of his song " I Love College" in 2009. The subgenre grew rapidly and achieved commercial success within hip hop by 2010. In 2010, 18-year-old Mac Miller released two mixtapes '' K.I.D.S.'' and '' Best Day Ever'' that made him an overnight success and launched him to the fore ...
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Funk Ostentação
Funk ostentação (from Portuguese: ''Ostentation funk'', ) is a Brazilian music style created in São Paulo in 2008. Strongly influenced by American hip-hop, the central theme addressed in the songs is conspicuous consumption, and many ''funk ostentação'' artists sing about cars, motorcycles, drink, women, and ambitions to leave the favela and achieve life goals. While the dominant lyrical themes of the Rio de Janeiro scene at the time were criminality and lack of social justice, the first ''funk ostentação'' song, "Bonde da Juju", recorded by MCs Backdi and Bio G3 in September 2008, established the new genre's opposing theme of ostentation. Several ''funk ostentação'' festivals were subsequently held in the state of São Paulo, and the movement began to grow. Its national debut came with the launch of the video for "Megane" by MC Boy do Charmes in mid-2011. As it became clear that ''funk ostentação'' would be best represented in audiovisual format, the cinematographe ...
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Funk Carioca
Funk carioca (), also known as baile funk and Brazilian funk, or even simply funk, is a Brazilian hip hop music, hip hop-influenced music genre from Rio de Janeiro, taking influences from musical styles such as Miami bass and Freestyle music, freestyle. In Brazil, "baile funk" refers not to the music, but to the actual Dance party, parties or discotheques in which the music is played (, from ''baile'', meaning "Ball (dance event), ball").
Although originated in Rio, "funk carioca" has become increasingly popular among working classes in other parts of Brazil. In the whole country, funk carioca is most often simply known as "funk", although it is very musically different from the American genre of funk music. In fact, it still shows its urban Afrobeat influences.


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Freestyle Rap
Freestyle rap, also simply known as Freestyle, is a style of hip hop music where an artist normally improvises an unwritten verse from the head, with or without instrumental beats, in which lyrics are recited with no particular subject or structure. Kevin Fitzgerald (director), '' Freestyle: The Art of Rhyme'', Bowery, 2000.Gwendolyn D. Pough, 2004, ''Check It While I Wreck It'', UPNE, p.224Murray Forman, Mark Anthony Neil, 2004, ''That's The Joint!'', Routledge, p.196Raquel Z. Rivera, 2003, ''New York Ricans From The Hip-Hop Zone'', Palgrave Macmillan, p. 88 It is similar to other improvisational music, such as jazz, where a lead instrumentalist acts as an improviser with a supporting band providing a beat. Freestyle originally was simply verse that is free of style, written rhymes that do not follow a specific subject matter, or predetermined cadence. The newer style with the improvisation grew popular starting in the early 1990s. It is now mainly associated with hip hop. Origina ...
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