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Himantura Alcockii
''Himantura alcockii'', the pale-spot whip ray, is a species of stingray in the family Dasyatidae. It is found in coastal regions including estuaries, in the Indian Ocean. As presently defined, it is probably a species complex. Taxonomy The species has had a chequered taxonomic history. The IUCN Red List still lists ''H. alcockii'' as a synonym of the Whitespotted whipray, which is now reallocated to ''Maculabatis''. Human interactions Over 50% of the total ray catch landed at Mumbai Mumbai ( ; ), also known as Bombay ( ; its official name until 1995), is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra. Mumbai is the financial capital and the most populous city proper of India with an estimated population of 12 ... consists of this species. References *Last, P.R. and L.J.V. Compagno, 1999. Dasyatididae. Stingrays. p. 1479-1505. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the We ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Species
A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. Other ways of defining species include their karyotype, DNA sequence, morphology (biology), morphology, behaviour, or ecological niche. In addition, palaeontologists use the concept of the chronospecies since fossil reproduction cannot be examined. The most recent rigorous estimate for the total number of species of eukaryotes is between 8 and 8.7 million. About 14% of these had been described by 2011. All species (except viruses) are given a binomial nomenclature, two-part name, a "binomen". The first part of a binomen is the name of a genus to which the species belongs. The second part is called the specific name (zoology), specific name or the specific ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myliobatiformes
Myliobatiformes (), commonly known as stingrays, are one of the four orders of batoids, cartilaginous fishes related to sharks. They are members of the subclass elasmobranchs. They were formerly included in the order Rajiformes, but more recent phylogenetic studies have shown the myliobatiformes to be a monophyletic group, and its more derived members evolved their highly flattened shapes independently of the skates. Characteristics Myliobatiformes share physical characteristics of a long, thin tail with serrated spines and a pancake-like body. They share many characteristics with the batoid order Rajiformes, in which they were previously included. The key difference of the orders is the Myliobatiformes' single-lobed pelvic fin, lack of a mid-tail spine, and general lack of a dorsal fin. Myliobatiformes also possess stinging spines along the tail's base, and generally possess large pectoral fins that are completely fused (except Myliobatidae) to the head. They can camoufla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Family (biology)
Family (, : ) is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy. It is classified between order and genus. A family may be divided into subfamilies, which are intermediate ranks between the ranks of family and genus. The official family names are Latin in origin; however, popular names are often used: for example, walnut trees and hickory trees belong to the family Juglandaceae, but that family is commonly referred to as the "walnut family". The delineation of what constitutes a family—or whether a described family should be acknowledged—is established and decided upon by active taxonomists. There are not strict regulations for outlining or acknowledging a family, yet in the realm of plants, these classifications often rely on both the vegetative and reproductive characteristics of plant species. Taxonomists frequently hold varying perspectives on these descriptions, leading to a lack of widespread consensus within the scientific community ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Estuaries
An estuary is a partially enclosed coastal body of brackish water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea. Estuaries form a transition zone between river environments and maritime environments and are an example of an ecotone. Estuaries are subject both to marine influences such as tides, waves, and the influx of saline water, and to fluvial influences such as flows of freshwater and sediment. The mixing of seawater and freshwater provides high levels of nutrients both in the water column and in sediment, making estuaries among the most productive natural habitats in the world. Most existing estuaries formed during the Holocene epoch with the flooding of river-eroded or glacially scoured valleys when the sea level began to rise about 10,000–12,000 years ago. Estuaries are typically classified according to their geomorphology, geomorphological features or to water-circulation patterns. They can have many different names, s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indian Ocean
The Indian Ocean is the third-largest of the world's five oceanic divisions, covering or approximately 20% of the water area of Earth#Surface, Earth's surface. It is bounded by Asia to the north, Africa to the west and Australia (continent), Australia to the east. To the south it is bounded by the Southern Ocean or Antarctica, depending on the definition in use. The Indian Ocean has large marginal or regional seas, including the Andaman Sea, the Arabian Sea, the Bay of Bengal, and the Laccadive Sea. Geologically, the Indian Ocean is the youngest of the oceans, and it has distinct features such as narrow continental shelf, continental shelves. Its average depth is 3,741 m. It is the warmest ocean, with a significant impact on global climate due to its interaction with the atmosphere. Its waters are affected by the Indian Ocean Walker circulation, resulting in unique oceanic currents and upwelling patterns. The Indian Ocean is ecologically diverse, with important ecosystems such ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Species Complex
In biology, a species complex is a group of closely related organisms that are so similar in appearance and other features that the boundaries between them are often unclear. The taxa in the complex may be able to hybridize readily with each other, further blurring any distinctions. Terms that are sometimes used synonymously but have more precise meanings are cryptic species for two or more species hidden under one species name, sibling species for two (or more) species that are each other's closest relative, and species flock for a group of closely related species that live in the same habitat. As informal taxonomic ranks, species group, species aggregate, macrospecies, and superspecies are also in use. Two or more taxa that were once considered conspecific (of the same species) may later be subdivided into infraspecific taxa (taxa within a species, such as plant variety (botany), varieties), which may be a complex ranking but it is not a species complex. In most cases, a specie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IUCN Red List
The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species, also known as the IUCN Red List or Red Data Book, founded in 1964, is an inventory of the global conservation status and extinction risk of biological species. A series of Regional Red Lists, which assess the risk of extinction to species within a political management unit, are also produced by countries and organizations. The goals of the Red List are to provide scientifically based information on the status of species and subspecies at a global level, to draw attention to the magnitude and importance of threatened biodiversity, to influence national and international policy and decision-making, and to provide information to guide actions to conserve biological diversity. Major species assessors include BirdLife International, the Institute of Zoology (the research division of the Zoological Society of London), the World Conservation Monitoring Centre, and many Specialist Groups w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Whitespotted Whipray
The whitespotted whipray or sharpnose stingray (''Maculabatis gerrardi'') is a species of stingray in the family Dasyatidae. It is found in coastal regions including estuaries, in the Indo-Pacific, and has also been recorded in the Ganges River.Ishihara, H. & Taniuchi, T. & Tanaka, Sho & Srivastava, M.P. (1998) Investigation of the freshwater elasmobranchs in the River Ganges. In Adaptability and conservation of freshwater elasmobranchs. Report of Research Project, Grant–in–Aid for International Scientific Research(Field Research) in the financial year of 1996 and 1997: 41–55 It reaches a maximum disc width of . As presently defined, it is probably a species complex. Etymology The Stingray is named in honor of Edward Gerrard (1810-1910), a taxidermist at the British Museum The British Museum is a Museum, public museum dedicated to human history, art and culture located in the Bloomsbury area of London. Its permanent collection of eight million works is the largest in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maculabatis
''Maculabatis'' is a genus of stingrays in the family (biology), family Dasyatidae from the Indo-Pacific. Its species were formerly contained within the genus ''Himantura''. Species The genus contains two groups, the "gerrardi-complex" containing spotted species and the "pastinacoides-complex" containing plain species. *''Maculabatis ambigua'' Peter R. Last, Last, Sergey V. Bogorodsky, Bogorodsky & Tilman J. Alpermann, Alpermann, 2016 (Baraka's whipray) *''Maculabatis arabica'' Bernadette Mabel Manjaji-Matsumoto, Manjaji-Matsumoto & Peter R. Last, Last, 2016 (Pakistan whipray) *''Black-spotted whipray, Maculabatis astra'' (Last, Manjaji-Matsumoto & John J. Pogonoski, Pogonoski, 2008) (Black-spotted whipray) *''Maculabatis bineeshi'' [Manjaji-Matsumoto & Last, 2016 (Short-tail whipray) *''Whitespotted whipray, Maculabatis gerrardi'' (John Edward Gray, Gray, 1851) (Whitespotted whipray) *''Maculabatis macrura'' (Pieter Bleeker, Bleeker, 1852) *''Round whipray, Maculabatis pastinacoi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mumbai
Mumbai ( ; ), also known as Bombay ( ; its official name until 1995), is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra. Mumbai is the financial capital and the most populous city proper of India with an estimated population of 12.5 million (1.25 crore). Mumbai is the centre of the Mumbai Metropolitan Region, the seventh-most populous metropolitan area in the world with a population of over 23 million (2.3 crore). Mumbai lies on the Konkan coast on the west coast of India and has a deep natural harbour. In 2008, Mumbai was named an alpha world city. Mumbai has the highest number of billionaires out of any city in Asia. The seven islands that constitute Mumbai were earlier home to communities of Marathi language-speaking Koli people. For centuries, the seven islands of Bombay were under the control of successive indigenous rulers before being ceded to the Portuguese Empire, and subsequently to the East India Company in 1661, as part of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Himantura
''Himantura'' is a genus of stingray in the family (biology), family Dasyatidae that is native to the Indo-Pacific. In a 2016 Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic revision, many of the species formerly assigned to ''Himantura'' were reassigned to other genera (''Brevitrygon'', ''Fluvitrygon'', ''Maculabatis'', ''Pateobatis'', ''Styracura'' and ''Urogymnus''). Species Twelve extant species are currently recognized as valid, formerly four or five species. * ''Himantura alcockii'' (Nelson Annandale, Annandale, 1909) (Pale-spot whip ray) * ''Himantura australis'' (Peter R. Last, Last, William Toby White, White & Gavin Naylor, Naylor, 2016) (Australian whipray) * ''Himantura fava'' (Annandale, 1909) (Honeycomb whipray) * ''Himantura fluviatilis'' (Francis Buchanan-Hamilton, Hamilton, 1822) (Ganges whipray) * ''Himantura krempfi'' (Paul Chabanaud, Chabanaud, 1923) (Marbled freshwater whip ray) * ''Himantura leoparda'' (Bernadette Mabel Manjaji-Matsumoto, Manjaji-Matsumoto & Last, 2008) (Leo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
