|
Hexagraph
A hexagraph (from the , ''héx'', "six" and γράφω, ''gráphō'', "write") is a sequence of six letters used to represent a single sound (phoneme), or a combination of sounds that do not correspond to the individual values of the letters. They occur in Irish orthography, and many of them can be analysed as a tetragraph followed by the vowels or on either side to indicate that the neighbouring consonants are palatalized ("slender"). However, not all Irish hexagraphs are analysable that way. The hexagraph , for example, represents the same sound (approximately the vowel in English "write") as the trigraph '' adh,'' and with the same effect on neighboring consonants. English does not have hexagraphs. The six-letter sequence appears in German; for example, in the name Eschscholtz (and thus is the scientific name '' Eschscholtzia'' of the California poppy). However, this is a doubling of the trigraph to indicate that the preceding vowel is short rather than itself being a h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tetragraph
A tetragraph, , is a sequence of four letters used to represent a single sound (phoneme), or a combination of sounds, that do not necessarily correspond to the individual values of the letters. In German, for example, the tetragraph ''tsch'' represents the sound of the English digraph ''ch''. English does not have tetragraphs in native words (the closest is perhaps the sequence '' -ough'' in words like ''through''), but ''chth'' and ''phth'' are true tetragraphs when found initially in words of Greek origin such as '' chthonic'' and '' phthisis''. Phonemes spelled with multiple characters often indicate that either the phoneme or the script is alien to the language. For example, the Cyrillic alphabets adapted to the Caucasian languages, which are phonologically very different from Russian, make extensive use of digraphs, trigraphs, and even a tetragraph in Kabardian for . The Romanized Popular Alphabet created for the Hmong languages includes three tetragraphs: ''nplh, ntsh,' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Latin-script Letters
This is a list of letters of the Latin script. The definition of a Latin-script letter for this list is a character encoded in the Unicode Standard that has a script property of 'Latin' and the general category of 'Letter'. An overview of the distribution of Latin-script letters in Unicode is given in Latin script in Unicode. Basic Latin Extensions Letters with diacritics Ligatures Multigraphs * Trigraph *Tetragraph *Pentagraph *Hexagraph Other characters Other Latin characters are omitted from the tables above: * Subscript modifier letters a, e, h-p, and r-v, and x: ₐ ₑ ₕ ᵢ ⱼ ₖ ₗ ₘ ₙ ₒ ₚ ᵣ ₛ ₜ ᵤ ᵥ ₓ (See Unicode subscripts and superscripts for full list.) * Superscript modifier letters A-R, T-W and a-z: ᴬ ᴮ ꟲ ᴰ ᴱ ꟳ ᴳ ᴴ ᴵ ᴶ ᴷ ᴸ ᴹ ᴺ ᴼ ᴾ ꟴ ᴿ ᵀ ᵁ ⱽ ᵂ ᵃ ᵇ ᶜ ᵈ ᵉ ᶠ ᵍ ʰ ⁱ ʲ ᵏ ˡ ᵐ ⁿ ᵒ ᵖ 𐞥 ʳ ˢ ᵗ ᵘ ᵛ ʷ ˣ ʸ ᶻ (See Unicode subscripts and superscripts ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heptagraph
A heptagraph (from the , and , ) is a sequence of seven letters used to represent a single sound (phoneme), or a combination of sounds, that do not correspond to the individual values of the letters. Heptagraphs are extremely rare. Most other fixed sequences of seven letters are composed of shorter multigraphs with a predictable result. The seven-letter German sequence , used to transliterate the Russian and Ukrainian letter , as in for Russian/Ukrainian (, ) " borscht", is a sequence of a trigraph and a tetragraph . Likewise, the Juu languages have been claimed to have a heptagraph , but this is also a sequence, of and . See also * Multigraph (orthography) *Digraph (orthography) A digraph () or digram is a pair of character (symbol), characters used in the orthography of a language to write either a single phoneme (distinct sound), or a sequence of phonemes that does not correspond to the normal values of the two char ... * Pentagraph * Hexagraph References ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pentagraph
A pentagraph (from the , ''pénte'', "five" and γράφω, ''gráphō'', "write") is a sequence of five letters used to represent a single sound (phoneme), or a combination of sounds, that do not correspond to the individual values of the letters. In German, for example, the pentagraph ''tzsch'' represents the sound of the English digraph ''ch,'' and indeed is found in the English word '' Nietzschean''. Irish has several pentagraphs. Latin-script pentagraphs Cyrillic-script pentagraphs In Cyrillic used for languages of the Caucasus, there are a couple five-letter sequences used for 'strong' (typically transcribed in the IPA as geminate, and doubled in Cyrillic) labialized consonants. Since both features are predictable from the orthography, their pentagraph status is dubious. The pentagraph is used in Archi for : a labialized , which is the ' strong' counterpart of the pharyngealized voiceless uvular fricative (), written using the trigraph , whose graph is in turn a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trigraph (orthography)
A trigraph () is a group of three characters used to represent a single sound or a combination of sounds that does not correspond to the written letters combined. Latin-script trigraphs For example, in the word ''Austrian schilling, schilling'', the trigraph ''sch'' represents the voiceless postalveolar fricative , rather than the consonant cluster . In the word ''beautiful,'' the sequence ''eau'' is pronounced , and in the French language, French word ''château'' it is pronounced . It is sometimes difficult to determine whether a sequence of letters in English is a trigraph, because of the complicating role of silent letters. There are however a few productive trigraphs in English such as ''tch'' as in ''watch,'' and ''igh'' as in ''high.'' The trigraph ''sch'' in German language, German is equivalent to the English ''sh'' and pronounced . In Dutch language, Dutch, which is closely related to German, this same trigraph is pronounced . In Italian language, Italian, however, ''sch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Digraph (orthography)
A digraph () or digram is a pair of character (symbol), characters used in the orthography of a language to write either a single phoneme (distinct sound), or a sequence of phonemes that does not correspond to the normal values of the two characters combined. Some digraphs represent phonemes that cannot be represented with a single character in the writing system of a language, like in Spanish ''chico'' and ''ocho''. Other digraphs represent phonemes that can also be represented by single characters. A digraph that shares its pronunciation with a single character may be a relic from an earlier period of the language when the digraph had a different pronunciation, or may represent a distinction that is made only in certain dialects, like the English . Some such digraphs are used for purely etymology, etymological reasons, like in French. In some orthographies, digraphs (and occasionally trigraph (orthography), trigraphs) are considered individual letter (alphabet), letters, w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Multigraph (orthography)
A multigraph (or pleograph) is a sequence of letters that behaves as a unit and is not the sum of its parts, such as English ( ) or French (). The term is infrequently used, as the number of letters is usually specified: Combinations longer than tetragraphs are unusual. The German pentagraph has largely been replaced by , remaining only in proper names such as or . Except for doubled trigraphs like German , hexagraphs are found only in Irish vowels, where the outside letters indicate whether the neighboring consonant is " broad" or " slender". However, these sequences are not predictable. The hexagraph , for example, where the and mark the consonants as broad, represents the same sound (approximately the vowel in English ''write'') as the trigraph , and with the same effect on neighboring consonants. The seven-letter German sequence , used to transliterate Ukrainian , as in for " borscht", is a sequence of a trigraph and a tetragraph rather than a heptagraph. Likewis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phoneme
A phoneme () is any set of similar Phone (phonetics), speech sounds that are perceptually regarded by the speakers of a language as a single basic sound—a smallest possible Phonetics, phonetic unit—that helps distinguish one word from another. All languages contain phonemes (or the spatial-gestural equivalent in sign languages), and all spoken languages include both consonant and vowel phonemes; phonemes are primarily studied under the branch of linguistics known as phonology. Examples and notation The English words ''cell'' and ''set'' have the exact same sequence of sounds, except for being different in their final consonant sounds: thus, versus in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), a writing system that can be used to represent phonemes. Since and alone distinguish certain words from others, they are each examples of phonemes of the English language. Specifically they are consonant phonemes, along with , while is a vowel phoneme. The spelling of Engli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ulster Irish
Ulster Irish ( or , ) is the variety of Irish language, Irish spoken in the Provinces of Ireland, province of Ulster. It "occupies a central position in the Goidelic languages, Gaelic world made up of Ireland, Scotland and the Isle of Man". Ulster Irish thus has much in common with Scottish Gaelic and Manx language, Manx. Within Ulster there have historically been two main sub-dialects: West Ulster and East Ulster. The Western dialect is spoken in parts of County Donegal and once was spoken in parts of neighbouring counties, hence the name 'Donegal Irish'. The Eastern dialect was spoken in most of the rest of Ulster and northern parts of counties County Louth, Louth and County Meath, Meath. History Ulster Irish was the main language spoken in most of Ulster from the earliest recorded times even before Ireland became a jurisdiction in the 1300s. Since the Plantation of Ulster, Plantation, Ulster Irish was steadily replaced by English and Ulster Scots dialect, Ulster Scots, largel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genitive Case
In grammar, the genitive case ( abbreviated ) is the grammatical case that marks a word, usually a noun, as modifying another word, also usually a noun—thus indicating an attributive relationship of one noun to the other noun. A genitive can also serve purposes indicating other relationships. For example, some verbs may feature arguments in the genitive case; and the genitive case may also have adverbial uses (see adverbial genitive). The genitive construction includes the genitive case, but is a broader category. Placing a modifying noun in the genitive case is one way of indicating that it is related to a head noun, in a genitive construction. However, there are other ways to indicate a genitive construction. For example, many Afroasiatic languages place the head noun (rather than the modifying noun) in the construct state. Possessive grammatical constructions, including the possessive case, may be regarded as subsets of the genitive construction. For example, t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johann Friedrich Von Eschscholtz
Johann Friedrich Gustav von Eschscholtz (1 November 1793 – 7 May 1831)Sterling (1997) was a Baltic German physician, naturalist, and entomologist. He was one of the earliest scientific explorers of the Pacific region, making significant collections of flora and fauna in Alaska, California, and Hawaii. Biography Eschscholtz was born in the Livonians, Livonian city of Tartu, Dorpat, then part of the Russian Empire. His parents, Johann Gottfried and Katherine Hedwig Ziegler Eschscholtz were ethnic Baltic Germans. He studied medicine and zoology at the University of Tartu, University of Dorpat and served as an assistant to Carl Friedrich von Ledebour, a professor of botany.McKelvey Eschscholtz received a medical degree in 1815. First voyage On the recommendation of Ledebour, Eschscholtz served as surgeon and naturalist on the Russian expeditionary ship ''Rurik expedition, Rurik'' under the command of Otto von Kotzebue.Daum (2019) From 1815 to 1818 the expedition circumnavigated th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eschscholtzia
''Eschscholzia'' is a genus of 12 annual or perennial plants in the Papaveraceae (poppy) family. The genus was named after the Baltic German/Imperial Russian botanist Johann Friedrich von Eschscholtz (1793–1831). All species are native to Mexico or the southern United States. Description Leaves are deeply cut, glabrous and glaucous, mostly basal, though a few grow on the stem. Flowers have four yellow or orange petals, and grow at the end of the stem, either alone or in many-flowered cymes. The petals are wedge-shaped, forming a funnel. The two fused sepals fall off as the flower bud opens. There are 12 to numerous stamens. The flowers close in cloudy weather. Seeds are tiny and black, held in long pointed pods that split open when ripe often with enough force to fling the seeds some distance with an audible snap. The taproot gives off a colorless or orange clear juice, which is mildly toxic. Cultivation The best-known species is the California poppy (''Eschscholzia cali ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
