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Heterocapsa Circularisquama
''Heterocapsa circularisquama'' is a species of dinoflagellates notable for the production of a biotoxin affecting marine fauna. It is known to produce large red tides off western Japan, causing high bivalve mortality, particularly pearl oysters. It is very similar to ''Heterocapsa illdefina'', however ''H. circularisquama'' carries six radiating ridges on its circular basal plate, and its scales have longer spines, among other subtle differences in morphology. Description Its cell is small and consists of a conical epitheca. The chloroplast is single and is connected to the unique pyrenoid Pyrenoids are sub-cellular micro-compartments found in chloroplasts of many algae,Giordano, M., Beardall, J., & Raven, J. A. (2005). CO2 concentrating mechanisms in algae: mechanisms, environmental modulation, and evolution. Annu. Rev. Plant Bio .... Its nucleus is elongated, located in the left side of the cell. References Further reading * * External linksAlgaeBase Species descri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eukaryota
Eukaryotes () are organisms whose cells have a nucleus. All animals, plants, fungi, and many unicellular organisms, are Eukaryotes. They belong to the group of organisms Eukaryota or Eukarya, which is one of the three domains of life. Bacteria and Archaea (both prokaryotes) make up the other two domains. The eukaryotes are usually now regarded as having emerged in the Archaea or as a sister of the Asgard archaea. This implies that there are only two domains of life, Bacteria and Archaea, with eukaryotes incorporated among archaea. Eukaryotes represent a small minority of the number of organisms, but, due to their generally much larger size, their collective global biomass is estimated to be about equal to that of prokaryotes. Eukaryotes emerged approximately 2.3–1.8 billion years ago, during the Proterozoic eon, likely as Flagellated cell, flagellated phagotrophs. Their name comes from the Greek language, Greek wikt:εὖ, εὖ (''eu'', "well" or "good") and wikt:� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SAR Supergroup
The SAR supergroup, also just SAR or Harosa, is a clade that includes stramenopiles (heterokonts), alveolates, and Rhizaria. The name is an acronym derived from the first letters of each of these clades; it has been alternatively spelled "RAS". The term "Harosa" (at the subkingdom level) has also been used. The SAR supergroup is a node-based taxon. Note that as a formal taxon, "Sar" has only its first letter capitalized, while the earlier abbreviation, SAR, retains all uppercase letters. Both names refer to the same group of organisms, unless further taxonomic revisions deem otherwise. Members of the SAR supergroup were once included under the separate supergroups Chromalveolata ( Chromista and Alveolata) and Rhizaria, until phylogenetic studies confirmed that stramenopiles and alveolates diverged with Rhizaria. This apparently excluded haptophytes and cryptomonads, leading Okamoto ''et al.'' (2009) to propose the clade Hacrobia to accommodate them. Phylogeny Based on a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dinoflagellate
The dinoflagellates (Greek δῖνος ''dinos'' "whirling" and Latin ''flagellum'' "whip, scourge") are a monophyletic group of single-celled eukaryotes constituting the phylum Dinoflagellata and are usually considered algae. Dinoflagellates are mostly marine plankton, but they also are common in freshwater habitats. Their populations vary with sea surface temperature, salinity, and depth. Many dinoflagellates are photosynthetic, but a large fraction of these are in fact mixotrophic, combining photosynthesis with ingestion of prey ( phagotrophy and myzocytosis). In terms of number of species, dinoflagellates are one of the largest groups of marine eukaryotes, although substantially smaller than diatoms. Some species are endosymbionts of marine animals and play an important part in the biology of coral reefs. Other dinoflagellates are unpigmented predators on other protozoa, and a few forms are parasitic (for example, '' Oodinium'' and '' Pfiesteria''). Some dinoflagell ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dinophyceae
Dinophyceae is a class of dinoflagellates. Taxonomy * Class Dinophyceae Pascher 1914 eridinea Ehrenberg 1830 stat. nov. Wettstein; Blastodiniphyceae Fensome et al. 1993 orthog. emend.** Order Haplozoonales aplozooidea Poche 1913*** Family Haplozoonaceae Chatton 1920 ** Order Akashiwales *** Family Akashiwaceae ** Order Blastodiniales Chatton 1906 lastodinida Chatton 1906*** Family Blastodiniaceae Cavers 1913 ** Order Apodiniales *** Family Apodiniaceae Chatton 1920 ** Order Dinotrichales Pascher 1914 *** Family Crypthecodiniaceae Biecheler 1938 ex Chatton 1952 *** Family Dinotrichaceae Pascher 1914 ** Order Phytodiniales T. Christ. 1962 ex Loeblich 1970 inococcales Pascher 1914; Suessiales Fensome & al. 1993; Dinamoebales *** Family † Suessiaceae Fensome et al. 1993 *** Family Phytodiniaceae Klebs 1912 inococcaceae Fott 1960; Hemidiniaceae Bourrelly 1970; Borghiellaceae Moestrup, Lindberg & Daugbjerg 2009*** Family Symbiodiniaceae Fensome & al. 1993 ooxan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peridiniales
Peridiniales is an order of dinoflagellate The dinoflagellates (Greek δῖνος ''dinos'' "whirling" and Latin ''flagellum'' "whip, scourge") are a monophyletic group of single-celled eukaryotes constituting the phylum Dinoflagellata and are usually considered algae. Dinoflagellates are ...s. Below is a uncritical list of the families in Peridinales, but molecular phylogenetics circumscribe the group in a stricter sense.Žerdoner Čalasan A, J Kretschmann & M Gottschling (2019): ''They are young, and they are many: Dating freshwater lineages in unicellular dinophytes.'' Environ Microbiol 21: 4125–4135. * Amphilothaceae, * Archaeosphaerodiniopsidaceae, * Blastodiniaceae, * Calciodinellaceae, * Ceratiaceae, * Cladopyxidaceae, * Coccidinaceae, * Crypthecodiniaceae, * Dinosphaeraceae, * Endodiniaceae, * Glenodiniaceae, * Glenodiniopsidaceae, * Gonyaulacaceae, * Haplozoonaceae, * Heterodiniaceae, * Heterocapsaceae syn. Heterocapsineae * Heterodiniaceae, * Kol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heterocapsa
''Heterocapsa'' is a genus of dinoflagellates belonging to the family Heterocapsaceae. The genus has cosmopolitan distribution. Species: *'' Heterocapsa arctica'' *'' Heterocapsa bohaiensis'' *'' Heterocapsa chattonii'' *''Heterocapsa circularisquama ''Heterocapsa circularisquama'' is a species of dinoflagellates notable for the production of a biotoxin affecting marine fauna. It is known to produce large red tides off western Japan, causing high bivalve mortality, particularly pearl oysters ...'' *'' Heterocapsa horiguchii'' *'' Heterocapsa illdefina'' *'' Heterocapsa kollmeriana'' *'' Heterocapsa lanceolata'' *'' Heterocapsa minima'' *'' Heterocapsa niei'' *'' Heterocapsa orientalis'' *'' Heterocapsa ovata'' *'' Heterocapsa pacifica'' *'' Heterocapsa psammophila'' *'' Heterocapsa pseudotriquetra'' *'' Heterocapsa pygmaea'' *'' Heterocapsa rotundata'' *'' Heterocapsa steinii'' *'' Heterocapsa umbilicata'' References {{Taxonbar, from1=Q19751739, from2=Q1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Red Tide
A harmful algal bloom (HAB) (or excessive algae growth) is an algal bloom that causes negative impacts to other organisms by production of natural phycotoxin, algae-produced toxins, mechanical damage to other organisms, or by other means. HABs are sometimes defined as only those algal blooms that produce toxins, and sometimes as any algal bloom that can result in severely lower oxygen saturation, oxygen levels in natural waters, killing organisms in marine habitats, marine or fresh waters. Blooms can last from a few days to many months. After the bloom dies, the microorganism, microbes that decompose the dead algae use up more of the oxygen, generating a "dead zone (ecology), dead zone" which can cause fish kill, fish die-offs. When these zones cover a large area for an extended period of time, neither fish nor plants are able to survive. Harmful algal blooms in marine environments are often called "red tides". It is sometimes unclear what causes specific HABs as their occurrence ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heterocapsa Illdefina
''Heterocapsa'' is a genus of dinoflagellates belonging to the family Heterocapsaceae. The genus has cosmopolitan distribution. Species: *'' Heterocapsa arctica'' *'' Heterocapsa bohaiensis'' *'' Heterocapsa chattonii'' *''Heterocapsa circularisquama ''Heterocapsa circularisquama'' is a species of dinoflagellates notable for the production of a biotoxin affecting marine fauna. It is known to produce large red tides off western Japan, causing high bivalve mortality, particularly pearl oysters ...'' *'' Heterocapsa horiguchii'' *'' Heterocapsa illdefina'' *'' Heterocapsa kollmeriana'' *'' Heterocapsa lanceolata'' *'' Heterocapsa minima'' *'' Heterocapsa niei'' *'' Heterocapsa orientalis'' *'' Heterocapsa ovata'' *'' Heterocapsa pacifica'' *'' Heterocapsa psammophila'' *'' Heterocapsa pseudotriquetra'' *'' Heterocapsa pygmaea'' *'' Heterocapsa rotundata'' *'' Heterocapsa steinii'' *'' Heterocapsa umbilicata'' References {{Taxonbar, from1=Q19751739, from2=Q1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Epitheca
''Epitheca'' is a genus of dragonflies in the family Corduliidae. They are commonly known as baskettails. Baskettails' distinction is the specially adapted, upturned abdomen tip of the females which allows them to carry their egg masses in a small, orange-tinted globule. Some authorities spin off the North American baskettails into two new genera, ''Epicordulia'' and ''Tetragoneuria'', but this has not gained widespread acceptance and most references place them under this genus. Species The genus contains the following species: *''Epitheca bimaculata'' – Eurasian baskettail *'' Epitheca canis'' – beaverpond baskettail *''Epitheca costalis'' – slender baskettail or stripe-winged baskettail *'' Epitheca cynosura'' – common baskettail *'' Epitheca marginata'' *''Epitheca petechialis'' – dot-winged baskettail *'' Epitheca princeps'' – prince baskettail *'' Epitheca semiaquea'' – mantled baskettail *'' Epitheca sepia'' – sepia baskettail *'' Epitheca s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chloroplast
A chloroplast () is a type of membrane-bound organelle known as a plastid that conducts photosynthesis mostly in plant and algal cells. The photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll captures the energy from sunlight, converts it, and stores it in the energy-storage molecules ATP and NADPH while freeing oxygen from water in the cells. The ATP and NADPH is then used to make organic molecules from carbon dioxide in a process known as the Calvin cycle. Chloroplasts carry out a number of other functions, including fatty acid synthesis, amino acid synthesis, and the immune response in plants. The number of chloroplasts per cell varies from one, in unicellular algae, up to 100 in plants like '' Arabidopsis'' and wheat. A chloroplast is characterized by its two membranes and a high concentration of chlorophyll. Other plastid types, such as the leucoplast and the chromoplast, contain little chlorophyll and do not carry out photosynthesis. Chloroplasts are highly dynamic—they ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
