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Hesseltal Formation
The Hesseltal Formation or Blackcoloured Formation is a Late Cretaceous (late Cenomanian to early Turonian) geological formation from northern Germany. It consists of lithified marls and limestone, with a unique series of black shales deposited in anoxic event, anoxic conditions during the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary event. It provides an important record of the fauna of the proto-North Sea basin. The formation's diversity of fossil fish is thought to be due to a consequence of an expanding oxygen minimum zone that caused mass mortalities among different communities of fish, including both those associated with warm surface waters and those associated with colder waters from upwelling. The anoxic conditions allowed for detailed preservation of some of these fish, including bony fish with their stomach contents preserved and even a few partial body fossils of cartilaginous fish. Fossil Ammonoidea, ammonites with preserved soft parts are also known. The formation's deposition al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cenomanian
The Cenomanian is, in the International Commission on Stratigraphy's (ICS) geological timescale, the oldest or earliest age (geology), age of the Late Cretaceous epoch (geology), Epoch or the lowest stage (stratigraphy), stage of the Upper Cretaceous series (stratigraphy), Series. An age is a unit of geochronology; it is a unit of time; the stage is a unit in the stratigraphic column deposited during the corresponding age. Both age and stage bear the same name. As a unit of geologic time measure, the Cenomanian Age spans the time between 100.5 and 93.9 million years ago (Mya). In the geologic timescale, it is preceded by the Albian and is followed by the Turonian. The Upper Cenomanian starts around at 95 Mya. The Cenomanian is coeval with the Woodbinian of the regional timescale of the Gulf of Mexico and the early part of the Eaglefordian of the regional timescale of the East Coast of the United States. At the end of the Cenomanian, an anoxic event took place, called the Cenomani ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mass Mortalities
A mass mortality event (MME) is an incident that kills a vast number of individuals of a single species in a short period of time. The event may put a species at risk of extinction or upset an ecosystem. This is distinct from the mass die-off associated with short lived and synchronous emergent insect taxa which is a regular and non-catastrophic occurrence. Causes of MME's include disease and human-related activities such as pollution. Climatic extremes and other environmental influences such as oxygen stress in aquatic environments play a role, as does starvation. In many MME's there are multiple stressors. An analysis of such events from 1940 to 2012 found that these events have become more common for birds, fish and marine invertebrates, but have declined for amphibians and reptiles and not changed for mammals. Known mass mortality events Migratory birds (1904), Minnesota and Iowa In March 1904, 1.5 million migrating birds died in Minnesota and Iowa during a strong snowstorm. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pycnodontidae
Pycnodontidae is an extinct family of ray-finned fishes, ranging from the Jurassic period until the Late Eocene. It was the largest and most derived family of the successful Mesozoic fish order Pycnodontiformes, and one of only two families (alongside the Serrasalmimidae) to survive into the Cenozoic. Genera The following genera are known: * Family Pycnodontidae Agassiz, 1835 ** ''Acrotemnus'' Agassiz, 1843 (=''Macropycnodon'' Shimada ''et al.'', 2010) ** ?''Agassizilia'' Cooper & Martill, 2020 ** ''Akromystax'' Poyato-Ariza & Wenz, 2005 ** ''Anomoeodus'' Forir, 1887 ** ''Apomesodon'' Poyato-Ariza & Wenz, 2002 ** ''Athrodon'' Sauvage, 1880 ** ''Brauccipycnodus'' Taverne & Capasso, 2021 ** ''Coelodus'' Heckel, 1854 ** ''Costapycnodus'' Taverne, Capasso & del Re, 2019 ** ''Gregoriopycnodus'' Taverne, Capasso & del Re, 2020 ** ''Haqelpycnodus'' Taverne & Capasso, 2018 ** ''Iemanja (fish), Iemanja'' Wenz, 1989 ** ''Libanopycnodus'' Taverne & Capasso, 2018 ** ''Macromesodon'' Blake, 19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anomoeodus
''Anomoeodus'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Pycnodontidae. This genus primarily lived during the mid-to-late Cretaceous period, ranging from the Albian to the very end of the Maastrichtian age, and possibly into the Danian. The first fossils of ''Anomoeodus'' were described by Louis Agassiz in 1833, although they were described under ''Pycnodus''. Some studies have recovered it as a wastebasket taxon. In the United States, fossil teeth of the widespread species ''A. phaseolus'' are colloquially referred to as "drum fish" teeth due to their close resemblance to those of modern drumfish. However, they are unrelated to actual drumfish, which only appeared during the Cenozoic. Distribution ''Anomoeodus'' had a wide geographic distribution, with fossils found in France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Spain, Egypt, Uzbekistan, and the United States. Remains of the species ''A. subclavatus'' are known from the Campanian of the Kristian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ellimmichthyiformes - Armigatus Brevissimus
The Ellimmichthyiformes, also known as double-armored herrings, are an extinct order of ray-finned fish known from the Early Cretaceous to the Oligocene. They were the sister group to the extant true herrings, shad and anchovies in the order Clupeiformes, with both orders belonging to the suborder Clupeomorpha. A highly successful group throughout the Cretaceous, they were found worldwide and are known to have inhabited both marine and freshwater habitats. They appear to have been a largely marine group for most of their history, with the first freshwater lineages appearing during the Late Cretaceous. Shortly after the origin of the Ellimmichthyiformes in the Early Cretaceous, the Mediterranean portion of the Tethys Ocean appears to have been a major center of diversification for them, as the majority of fossils of this group are known from there. Following this, they saw an explosion in diversity during the Cenomanian, possibly due to the high sea levels of the Tethys at the tim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Otocephala
Otocephala is a clade of ray-finned fishes within the infraclass Teleostei that evolved some 230 million years ago. It is named for the presence of a hearing (otophysic) link from the swimbladder to the inner ear. Other names proposed for the group include Ostarioclupeomorpha and Otomorpha. The clade contains Clupeiformes (herrings) and Ostariophysi, a group of other orders including Cypriniformes (minnows and allies), Gymnotiformes (knifefish), and Siluriformes (catfish). Otocephala may also contain Alepocephaliformes (slickheads), but as yet (2016) without morphological evidence. The clade is sister to Euteleostei which contains the majority of bony fish alive today. In 2015, Benton and colleagues set a "plausible minimum" date for the origin of Crown group, crown Otocephala as about 228.4 million years ago. They argued that since the oldest locality for any diversity of stem teleosts is the Carnian of Polberg bei Lunz, Austria, whose base is 235 million years old, a rough est ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ellimmichthyiformes
The Ellimmichthyiformes, also known as double-armored herrings, are an Extinction, extinct Order (biology), order of Actinopterygii, ray-finned fish known from the Early Cretaceous to the Oligocene. They were the sister group to the extant true herrings, Alosidae, shad and Anchovy, anchovies in the order Clupeiformes, with both orders belonging to the suborder Clupeomorpha. A highly successful group throughout the Cretaceous, they were found worldwide and are known to have inhabited both marine and freshwater habitats. They appear to have been a largely marine group for most of their history, with the first freshwater lineages appearing during the Late Cretaceous. Shortly after the origin of the Ellimmichthyiformes in the Early Cretaceous, the Mediterranean Sea, Mediterranean portion of the Tethys Ocean appears to have been a major center of diversification for them, as the majority of fossils of this group are known from there. Following this, they saw an explosion in diversity ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Armigatus
''Armigatus'' is an extinct genus of marine clupeomorph fishes belonging to the order Ellimmichthyiformes. These fishes lived in the Cretaceous (Albian to Campanian, about 103-72 million years ago); their fossil remains have been found in Mexico, Europe, the Middle East and North Africa, suggesting the genus ranged across the Tethys Sea. Etymology The Latin generic epithet ''Armigatus'', means ''bearer of armor''. The specific epithet ''brevissimus'' signifies "shortest, smallest". Description ''Armigatus'' has an osteoglossid-like tooth patch, a large foramen in the anterior ceratohyal and a series of subtriangular dorsal scutes, giving rise to their scientific name. Species *†''A. brevissimus'' ( Blainville, 1818), the type species, from the Cenomanian of Lebanon (Hakel and Hajula in the Sannine Formation), Italy (Sicily), Slovenia ( Komen), and Germany (Hesseltal Formation). *†''A. elatus'' ( Costa, 1850) from the Albian Pietraroja Plattenkalk of Italy (=''Histiurus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apateodus Corneti Naturalis
''Apateodus'' (meaning "confusing tooth") is a genus of prehistoric marine ray-finned fish which was described by Woodward in 1901. It was a relative of modern lizardfish and lancetfish in the order Aulopiformes, and one of a number of prominent nektonic aulopiforms of Cretaceous marine ecosystems. The genus spans from the Albian to the late Maastrichtian, and appears to have been distributed worldwide; specimens have been found in Russia, India, the United States (Colorado, South Dakota, Iowa, Kansas), Canada, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands. Taxonomy ''Apateodus'' has generally been placed in the suborder Enchodontoidei alongside most other Cretaceous nektonic aulopiforms, although its affinities have long been uncertain. However, since the 2000s, it has generally been placed in the family Ichthyotringidae. However, some authors have still placed it as an indeterminate enchodontoid, ichthyotringoid, alepisauroid, or even elsewhere in the Aulopiformes as the sister ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ichthyotringidae
Ichthyotringidae is an extinct family of aulopiform ray-finned fish known from the Early to Late Cretaceous. It is one of the Enchodontoidei, a diverse group of aulopiforms that were dominant marine fish during the Cretaceous. The following genera are known: * Family †Ichthyotringidae ** Genus †'' Apateodus'' ** Genus †'' Ichthyotringa'' The earliest records of ichthyotringids are indeterminate otoliths from the Barremian Kimigahama Formation of Japan. References † † A dagger, obelisk, or obelus is a typographical mark that usually indicates a footnote if an asterisk has already been used. The symbol is also used to indicate death (of people) or extinction (of species or languages). It is one of the mo ... Barremian first appearances Maastrichtian extinctions {{Aulopiformes-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apateodus
''Apateodus'' (meaning "confusing tooth") is a genus of prehistoric marine ray-finned fish which was described by Woodward in 1901. It was a relative of modern lizardfish and lancetfish in the order Aulopiformes, and one of a number of prominent nektonic aulopiforms of Cretaceous marine ecosystems. The genus spans from the Albian to the late Maastrichtian, and appears to have been distributed worldwide; specimens have been found in Russia, India, the United States (Colorado, South Dakota, Iowa, Kansas), Canada, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands. Taxonomy ''Apateodus'' has generally been placed in the suborder Enchodontoidei alongside most other Cretaceous nektonic aulopiforms, although its affinities have long been uncertain. However, since the 2000s, it has generally been placed in the family Ichthyotringidae. However, some authors have still placed it as an indeterminate enchodontoid, ichthyotringoid, alepisauroid, or even elsewhere in the Aulopiformes as the sister t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
