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Herbert Arthur Stuart
Herbert Arthur Stuart (27 March 1899, Zurich – 8 April 1974, Hanover) was a German experimental physicist who made contributions in molecular physics research. During World War II, he was director of the experimental physics department at the ''Technische Hochschule Dresden''. From 1955, he was the head of the high polymer physics laboratory at the University of Mainz. Education From 1920 to 1925, Stuart studied at the University of Würzburg and the University of Göttingen. In 1925, he was awarded his doctorate under James Franck at the University of Göttingen; his thesis was on resonance fluorescence of mercury vapor. He then went to work and study with Otto Stern, director of the "Institut für physikalische Chemie" (Institute for Physical Chemistry) at the ''Universität Hamburg'' and then with Richard Gans, director of the ''II. Physikalische Institut'' (Second Physics Institute) at the '' Albertus-Universität Königsberg'' (today, the Immanuel Kant State University of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zurich
Zurich (; ) is the largest city in Switzerland and the capital of the canton of Zurich. It is located in north-central Switzerland, at the northwestern tip of Lake Zurich. , the municipality had 443,037 inhabitants, the urban area 1.315 million (2009), and the Zurich metropolitan area 1.83 million (2011). Zurich is a hub for railways, roads, and air traffic. Both Zurich Airport and Zurich's main railway station are the largest and busiest in the country. Permanently settled for over 2,000 years, Zurich was founded by the Romans, who called it '. However, early settlements have been found dating back more than 6,400 years (although this only indicates human presence in the area and not the presence of a town that early). During the Middle Ages, Zurich gained the independent and privileged status of imperial immediacy and, in 1519, became a primary centre of the Protestant Reformation in Europe under the leadership of Huldrych Zwingli. The official language of Zurich is Germ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Privatdozent
''Privatdozent'' (for men) or ''Privatdozentin'' (for women), abbreviated PD, P.D. or Priv.-Doz., is an academic title conferred at some European universities, especially in German-speaking countries, to someone who holds certain formal qualifications that denote an ability (''facultas docendi'') and permission to teach ('' venia legendi'') a designated subject at the highest level. To be granted the title Priv.-Doz. by a university, a recipient has to fulfill the criteria set by the university which usually require excellence in research, teaching, and further education. In its current usage, the title indicates that the holder has completed their habilitation and is therefore granted permission to teach and examine students independently without having a professorship. Conferment and roles A university faculty can confer the title to an academic who has a higher doctoral degree - usually in the form of a habilitation. The title, ''Privatdozent'', as such does not imply a sala ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Socialist German University Lecturers League
The National Socialist German Lecturers League (''Nationalsozialistischer Deutscher Dozentenbund'', also called ''NS-Dozentenbund'' , or abbreviated ''NSDDB''), was a party organization under the NSDAP (the Nazi Party). Origin and purpose The NSDDB emerged in 1935 from the National Socialist Teachers League and was established on the basis of an order of the Deputy Führer Rudolf Hess; its purpose being, the exertion of influence on the universities and the political control of higher education. Massive influence was applied especially on appointments to staff positions.Hentschel, 1996, Appendix C; see the entry for the NSDDB District leaders had a decisive role in the acceptance of an '' Habilitationsschrift'', which was a prerequisite to attaining the rank of ''Privatdozent'' necessary to becoming a university lecturer.Hentschel, 1996, Introduction p. xxxvi ff. The expulsion of the Jewish scientists from the universities was substantially carried out by the activists of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wilhelm Orthmann
Wilhelm Orthmann (1 May 1901 – 6 July 1945) was a German physicist. He was director of the physico-technical department of the Industrial College of Berlin. During World War II, he was also employed by the Reich Aviation Ministry. Education Educated at Pforta, Orthmann studied at the ''Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg'' and the ''Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität'' (today, the '' Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin''). He received his doctorate in 1926, under Peter Pringsheim, with a thesis on resonance lines.Hentschel and Hentschel, 1996, Appendix F; see the entry for Orthmann. Career After receipt of his doctorate, he was a teaching assistant to Peter Pringsheim and Walther Nernst at the University of Berlin. He completed his Habilitation at the University of Berlin in 1931; his professorial thesis was on the dielectric constants of electrolytes. From 1931, he was a Privatdozent at the University of Berlin. From 1938 Orthmann was an untenured '' ausserordentliche ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Law For The Restoration Of The Professional Civil Service
The Law for the Restoration of the Professional Hitler Service (german: Gesetz zur Wiederherstellung des Berufsbeamtentums, shortened to ''Berufsbeamtengesetz''), also known as Civil Service Law, Civil Service Restoration Act, and Law to Re-establish the Civil Service, was a law passed by the Nazi regime of Germany on 7 April 1933, two months after Adolf Hitler had attained power and two weeks after the promulgation of the Enabling Act. It was one of the first anti-Semitic and racist laws to be passed in Germany. Articles of the law Article 1 of the Law claimed that in order to re-establish a "national" and "professional" civil service, members of certain groups of tenured civil servants were to be dismissed. Civil servants who were not of Aryan descent were to retire. Non-Aryans were defined as someone descended from non-Aryans, especially those descended from Jewish parents, or grandparents. Members of the Communist Party, or any related or associated organisation were to be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Macromolecules
A macromolecule is a very large molecule important to biophysical processes, such as a protein or nucleic acid. It is composed of thousands of covalently bonded atoms. Many macromolecules are polymers of smaller molecules called monomers. The most common macromolecules in biochemistry are biopolymers (nucleic acids, proteins, and carbohydrates) and large non-polymeric molecules such as lipids, nanogels and macrocycle Macrocycles are often described as molecules and ions containing a ring of twelve or more atoms. Classical examples include the crown ethers, calixarenes, porphyrins, and cyclodextrins. Macrocycles describe a large, mature area of chemistry. ...s. Synthetic fibers and experimental materials such as carbon nanotubes are also examples of macromolecules. Definition The term ''macromolecule'' (''wikt:macro-#Prefix, macro-'' + ''molecule'') was coined by Nobel Prize, Nobel laureate Hermann Staudinger in the 1920s, although his first relevant publication on th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viscosity
The viscosity of a fluid is a measure of its resistance to deformation at a given rate. For liquids, it corresponds to the informal concept of "thickness": for example, syrup has a higher viscosity than water. Viscosity quantifies the internal frictional force between adjacent layers of fluid that are in relative motion. For instance, when a viscous fluid is forced through a tube, it flows more quickly near the tube's axis than near its walls. Experiments show that some stress (such as a pressure difference between the two ends of the tube) is needed to sustain the flow. This is because a force is required to overcome the friction between the layers of the fluid which are in relative motion. For a tube with a constant rate of flow, the strength of the compensating force is proportional to the fluid's viscosity. In general, viscosity depends on a fluid's state, such as its temperature, pressure, and rate of deformation. However, the dependence on some of these properties ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dresden University Of Technology
TU Dresden (for german: Technische Universität Dresden, abbreviated as TUD and often wrongly translated as "Dresden University of Technology") is a public research university, the largest institute of higher education in the city of Dresden, the largest university in Saxony and one of the 10 largest universities in Germany with 32,389 students . The name Technische Universität Dresden has only been used since 1961; the history of the university, however, goes back nearly 200 years to 1828. This makes it one of the oldest colleges of technology in Germany, and one of the country’s oldest universities, which in German today refers to institutes of higher education that cover the entire curriculum. The university is a member of TU9, a consortium of the nine leading German Institutes of Technology. The university is one of eleven German universities which succeeded in the Excellence Initiative in 2012, thus getting the title of a "University of Excellence". The TU Dresden succ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ordentlicher Professor
Academic ranks in Germany are the titles, relative importance and power of professors, researchers, and administrative personnel held in academia. Overview Appointment grades * (Pay grade: ''W3'' or ''W2'') * (''W3'') * (''W2'') * (''W2'', only in ''Baden-Württemberg'') – although paid like a professor appointed at level W2, lecturers in this position do not have a professor title; the term was formerly used in all states for senior lecturer positions with research and teaching responsibilities (''C2'', being phased out since 2002) * (not tenured, only rarely with tenure track) (''W1'') * (not tenured) (''W1'', only in ''Baden-Württemberg'') * or (''A13'', ''A14'', ''A15'') * (''TVöD 13/14/15'', ''TvL 13/14/15'') * (''TVöD'', ''TvL'' ''A13 a. Z.'') * (''TVöD'', only in ''Baden-Württemberg'') * (''TdL'') * (''TdL'') Non-appointment grades * * – conferred, in some German states, to a ''Privatdozent'' who has been in service for several years, without forma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erwin Schrödinger
Erwin Rudolf Josef Alexander Schrödinger (, ; ; 12 August 1887 – 4 January 1961), sometimes written as or , was a Nobel Prize-winning Austrian physicist with Irish citizenship who developed a number of fundamental results in quantum theory: the Schrödinger equation provides a way to calculate the wave function of a system and how it changes dynamically in time. In addition, he wrote many works on various aspects of physics: statistical mechanics and thermodynamics, physics of dielectrics, colour theory, electrodynamics, general relativity, and cosmology, and he made several attempts to construct a unified field theory. In his book '' What Is Life?'' Schrödinger addressed the problems of genetics, looking at the phenomenon of life from the point of view of physics. He also paid great attention to the philosophical aspects of science, ancient, and oriental philosophical concepts, ethics, and religion. He also wrote on philosophy and theoretical biology. In popular cult ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Humboldt University Of Berlin
The Humboldt University of Berlin (german: link=no, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, abbreviated HU Berlin) is a public university, public research university in the central borough of Mitte in Berlin, Germany. The university was established by Frederick William III of Prussia, Frederick William III on the initiative of Wilhelm von Humboldt, Johann Gottlieb Fichte and Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher as the University of Berlin () in 1809, and opened in 1810, making it the oldest of Berlin's four universities. From 1828 until its closure in 1945, it was named Friedrich Wilhelm University (german: link=no, Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität). During the Cold War, the university found itself in East Berlin and was ''de facto'' split in two when the Free University of Berlin opened in West Berlin. The university received its current name in honour of Alexander von Humboldt, Alexander and Wilhelm von Humboldt in 1949. The university is divided into nine faculties including its ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ausserordentlicher Professor
Academic ranks in Germany are the titles, relative importance and power of professors, researchers, and administrative personnel held in academia. Overview Appointment grades * (Pay grade: ''W3'' or ''W2'') * (''W3'') * (''W2'') * (''W2'', only in '' Baden-Württemberg'') – although paid like a professor appointed at level W2, lecturers in this position do not have a professor title; the term was formerly used in all states for senior lecturer positions with research and teaching responsibilities (''C2'', being phased out since 2002) * (not tenured, only rarely with tenure track) (''W1'') * (not tenured) (''W1'', only in ''Baden-Württemberg'') * or (''A13'', ''A14'', ''A15'') * (''TVöD 13/14/15'', ''TvL 13/14/15'') * (''TVöD'', ''TvL'' ''A13 a. Z.'') * (''TVöD'', only in ''Baden-Württemberg'') * (''TdL'') * (''TdL'') Non-appointment grades * * – conferred, in some German states, to a ''Privatdozent'' who has been in service for several years, without fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
