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Henry Friendly
Henry Jacob Friendly (July 3, 1903 – March 11, 1986) was an American jurist who served as a United States federal judge, federal circuit judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit from 1959 to 1986, and as the court's Chief judge (United States), chief judge from 1971 to 1973. Friendly was one of the most prominent U.S. judges of the 20th century, and his opinions are some of the most cited in federal jurisprudence. Early life Friendly was born in Elmira, New York, on July 3, 1903, the only child of a middle class German Jewish, German-Jewish family. He was descended from Southern Germany, Southern German dairy farmers in Wittelshofen, Bavaria, that had adopted the surname of ''Freundlich''. Josef Myer Freundlich (1803–1880), Friendly's great-grandfather, was a prosperous farmer whose estate burned down in 1831; after being denied help by his neighbors because he was Jewish, Josef grew affluent from livestock dealing. Heinrich Freundlich, Friendly's gr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Senior Status
Senior status is a form of semi- retirement for United States federal judges. To qualify, a judge in the federal court system must be at least 65 years old, and the sum of the judge's age and years of service as a federal judge must be at least 80 years. As long as senior judges carry at least a 25 percent caseload or meet other criteria for activity, they remain entitled to maintain a staffed office and chambers, including a secretary and their normal complement of law clerks, and they continue to receive annual cost-of-living increases. Senior judges vacate their seats on the bench, and the president may appoint new full-time judges to fill those seats. Some U.S. states have similar systems for senior judges. State courts with a similar system include Iowa (for judges on the Iowa Court of Appeals), Pennsylvania, and Virginia (for justices of the Virginia Supreme Court). Statutory requirements Senior status at the federal level is defined by statute: . To qualify for sen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Presidential Medal Of Freedom
The Presidential Medal of Freedom is the highest civilian award of the United States, along with the Congressional Gold Medal. It is an award bestowed by the president of the United States to recognize people who have made "an especially meritorious contribution to the security or national interests of the United States, world peace, cultural or other significant public or private endeavors." The award is not limited to U.S. citizens and, while it is a civilian award, it can also be awarded to military personnel and worn on the uniform. It was established in 1963 by President John F. Kennedy, superseding the Medal of Freedom that was established by President Harry S. Truman in 1945 to honor civilian service during World War II. There are no specific criteria for receiving the award with distinction; simply specifies that the award should come in two degrees, and hence any decision to award the higher degree is entirely at the discretion of the president. In 2017, Presiden ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Contract Bridge
Contract bridge, or simply bridge, is a trick-taking card game using a standard 52-card deck. In its basic format, it is played by four players in two competing partnerships, with partners sitting opposite each other around a table. Millions of people play bridge worldwide in clubs, tournaments, online and with friends at home, making it one of the world's most popular card games, particularly among seniors. The World Bridge Federation (WBF) is the governing body for international competitive bridge, with numerous other bodies governing it at the regional level. The game consists of a number of , each progressing through four phases. The cards are dealt to the players; then the players ''call'' (or ''bid'') in an auction seeking to take the , specifying how many tricks the partnership receiving the contract (the declaring side) needs to take to receive points for the deal. During the auction, partners use their bids to also exchange information about their hands, including ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bardolatry
Bardolatry is excessive admiration of William Shakespeare. Shakespeare has been known as "the Bard" since the eighteenth century. One who idolizes Shakespeare is known as a bardolator. The term ''bardolatry'', derived from Shakespeare's sobriquet "the Bard of Avon" and the Greek word ''latria'' "worship" (as in '' idolatry'', worship of idols), was coined by George Bernard Shaw in the preface to his collection ''Three Plays for Puritans'' published in 1901. Shaw professed to dislike Shakespeare as a thinker and philosopher because Shaw believed that Shakespeare did not engage with social problems as Shaw did in his own plays. Origins The earliest references to the idolising of Shakespeare occur in an anonymous play '' The Return from Parnassus'', written during the poet's lifetime. A poetry-loving character says he will obtain a picture of Shakespeare for his study and that "I'll worship sweet Mr Shakespeare and to honour him will lay his ''Venus and Adonis'' under my pillow, as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peddler
A peddler, in British English pedlar, also known as a chapman, packman, cheapjack, hawker, higler, huckster, (coster)monger, colporteur or solicitor, is a door-to-door and/or travelling vendor of goods. In England, the term was mostly used for travellers hawking goods in the countryside to small towns and villages. In London, more specific terms were used, such as costermonger. From antiquity, peddlers filled the gaps in the formal market economy by providing consumers with the convenience of door-to-door service. They operated alongside town markets and fairs where they often purchased surplus stocks which were subsequently resold to consumers. Peddlers were able to distribute goods to the more geographically-isolated communities such as those who lived in mountainous regions of Europe. They also called on consumers who, for whatever reason, found it difficult to attend town markets. Thus, peddlers played an important role in linking these consumers and regions to wider tr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cuba, New York
Cuba is a town on the western border of Allegany County, New York, United States. The village of Cuba lies within its borders. The federally recognized tribe of Seneca Native Americans has a reservation on the western town line. As of the 2020 Census, the total population was 3,154. Geography According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which is land and (1.95%) is water. The west town line is the border of Cattaraugus County. The Southern Tier Expressway ( Interstate 86 and New York State Route 17) pass through the town, running east-west. New York State Route 305 is a major north-south highway that intersects New York State Route 446 in the village of Cuba. Cuba is on the main line of the Western New York & Pennsylvania Railroad, which operates the former Erie Railroad between Hornell, New York and Meadville, Pennsylvania. Communities and locations in the town of Cuba * Black Creek – A former community in the town, now in the t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Friendly (surname) (born 1945), a professor of psychology at York University in Ontario, Canada
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Friendly is the surname of: * Alfred Friendly (1911-1983), American journalist and editor * David T. Friendly (born 1956), American film producer * Ed Friendly (1922-2007), American TV producer * Fred W. Friendly, former president of CBS News * Henry Friendly, judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit * Michael Friendly Michael Louis Friendly (born 1945) is an American-Canadian psychologist, Professor of Psychology at York University in Ontario, Canada, and director of its Statistical Consulting Service, especially known for his contributions to graphical metho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anglicisation Of Names
The anglicisation of personal names is the change of non-English-language personal names to spellings nearer English sounds, or substitution of equivalent or similar English personal names in the place of non-English personal names. Anglicisation of personal names Classical, Medieval and Renaissance figures A small number of figures, mainly very well-known classical and religious writers, appear under English names—or more typically under Latin names, in English texts. This practice became prevalent as early as in English-language translations of the New Testament, where translators typically renamed figures such as Yeshu and Simon bar-Jonah as Jesus and Peter, and treated most of the other figures in the New Testament similarly. In contrast, translations of the Old Testament traditionally use the original names, more or less faithfully transliterated from the original Hebrew. Transatlantic explorers such as Zuan Chabotto and Cristoforo Colombo became popularly known as J ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Freundlich
Freundlich is a surname which may refer to: * Bart Freundlich (born 1970), American film director, screenwriter and producer *Herbert Freundlich (1880–1941), German chemist *Irwin Freundlich (1908-1977), US music teacher and academician * Jeff Lindsay (writer), pen name of Jeffry Freundlich (born 1952), American author * Otto Freundlich (1878-1943), German artist See also *Freindlich *Erwin Finlay-Freundlich (1885–1964), German astronomer **Freundlich (crater), a crater on the far side of the Moon named in his honor *Freundlich equation The Freundlich equation or Freundlich adsorption isotherm, an adsorption isotherm, is an empirical relationship between the quantity of a gas adsorbed into a solid surface and the gas pressure. The same relationship is also applicable for the conc ..., an adsorption (adhesion of gas or liquid on solid) equation {{surname German-language surnames Jewish surnames Yiddish-language surnames ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bavaria
Bavaria ( ; ), officially the Free State of Bavaria (german: Freistaat Bayern, link=no ), is a state in the south-east of Germany. With an area of , Bavaria is the largest German state by land area, comprising roughly a fifth of the total land area of Germany. With over 13 million inhabitants, it is second in population only to North Rhine-Westphalia, but due to its large size its population density is below the German average. Bavaria's main cities are Munich (its capital and largest city and also the third largest city in Germany), Nuremberg, and Augsburg. The history of Bavaria includes its earliest settlement by Iron Age Celtic tribes, followed by the conquests of the Roman Empire in the 1st century BC, when the territory was incorporated into the provinces of Raetia and Noricum. It became the Duchy of Bavaria (a stem duchy) in the 6th century AD following the collapse of the Western Roman Empire. It was later incorporated into the Holy Roman Empire, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wittelshofen
Wittelshofen is a municipality in the district of Ansbach in Bavaria in Germany. Geography The municipality is located near the delta of the Sulzach into the Wörnitz at the foot of the Hesselberg mountains. The municipality is divided into the following parts: *Wittelshofen *Grüb *Dühren *Gelshofen *Illenschwang *Neumühle *Obermichelbach *Untermichelbach The neighbour municipalities are (starting in the north clockwise): *Langfurth *Ehingen *Gerolfingen *Weiltingen *Wilburgstetten *Dinkelsbühl History The place is mentioned for the first time in 1274 as ''Witelshoven''. Coat of arms The coat of arms of Wittelshofen shows a lily on a blue background. Over it is a black-silver quartering. The lily was the coat of arms symbol of Gumbert in Ansbach. The blue background in represents the confluence of the Sulzach and the Wörnitz. Religious denominations Jewish municipality In 1716, there were already 30 Jewish families in Wittelshofen. The Jewish population reached its p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Southern Germany
Southern Germany () is a region of Germany which has no exact boundary, but is generally taken to include the areas in which Upper German dialects are spoken, historically the stem duchies of Bavaria and Swabia or, in a modern context, Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg and the southern parts of Hesse and Rhineland-Palatinate that were part of the Duchy of Franconia. German-speaking Switzerland, Austria, Liechtenstein, and South Tyrol are historically, culturally, and linguistically related to Southern Germany in many ways. Boundaries Southern Germany primarily contrasts with Northern Germany. The term mostly corresponds to those territories of modern Germany which did not form part of the North German Confederation in the nineteenth century. Between Northern and Southern Germany is the loosely defined area known as Central Germany (''Mitteldeutschland''), roughly corresponding to the areal of Central German dialects (Franconia, Thuringia, Saxony). The boundary between the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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