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Henri Fertet
Henri Claude Fertet (27 October 1926 – 26 September 1943) was a French schoolboy and resistance fighter who was executed by the German occupying forces during World War II. He was posthumously awarded several national honours. He is known for the letter he wrote to his parents on the morning of his execution, and he has become one of those who symbolise the French Resistance. Early life and background Fertet was born on 27 October 1926 in Seloncourt, Doubs, France, to primary schoolteachers (French: '). His father too was named Henri; the sources do not record his mother's name. He had a brother, Pierre, who was three years younger. His first schooling was at Seloncourt, where his parents worked. In 1937, the family moved to Velotte in Besançon, where the younger Henri attended the Lycée Victor-Hugo de Besançon. He was determined, lively, intelligent, and affectionate; he was passionate about archaeology and history. Career During the school summer holidays of 1942 wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seloncourt
Seloncourt () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France. Geography Seloncourt lies from Montbéliard on the banks of the Gland, which flows into the Doubs at Audincourt. It is only from Switzerland. History The name of Seloncourt appears for the first time in 1170 in a deed of gift of a meix (House) made by Valner and Damjustin with the Abbey of Belchamp, but certainly existed well before this date. Seloncourt belonged to the Count of Montbéliard since the creation of the fortified city of Montbéliard. It was separated in 1282, to enter, by constitution, in the Seigniory (Lordship) of Blamont until the reintegration of this Seigniory into the Count of Montbéliard and finally in the Canton of Hérimoncourt created by decree May 12, 1898. Seloncourt was under the rule of the County of Württemberg beginning in 1397. During the province's allegiance to the Württemberg it embraced Lutheranism. In 1588 there were 24 famili ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lycée Victor-Hugo De Besançon
In France, secondary education is in two stages: * ''Collèges'' () cater for the first four years of secondary education from the ages of 11 to 15. * ''Lycées'' () provide a three-year course of further secondary education for children between the ages of 15 and 18. Pupils are prepared for the ''baccalauréat'' (; baccalaureate, colloquially known as ''bac'', previously ''bachot''), which can lead to higher education studies or directly to professional life. There are three main types of ''baccalauréat'': the ''baccalauréat général'', ''baccalauréat technologique'' and ''baccalauréat professionnel''. School year The school year starts in early September and ends in early July. Metropolitan French school holidays are scheduled by the Ministry of Education by dividing the country into three zones (A, B, and C) to prevent overcrowding by family holidaymakers of tourist destinations, such as the Mediterranean coast and ski resorts. Lyon, for example, is in zone A, Marseille ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maurice Schumann
Maurice Schumann (; 10 April 1911 – 9 February 1998) was a French politician, journalist, writer, and hero of the Second World War who served as Minister of Foreign Affairs under Georges Pompidou from 22 June 1969 to 15 March 1973. Schumann was a member of the Christian democratic Popular Republican Movement. The son of an Alsatian Jewish father and Roman Catholic mother, he studied at the Lycée Janson-de-Sailly and the Lycée Henri-IV. He converted to his mother's faith in 1937. He once said of France's fate when suffering the Allied bombing raids, '....and now we are reduced to the most atrocious fate: to be killed without killing back, to be killed by friends without being able to kill our enemies'. During the Second World War he broadcast news reports and commentaries into France on the BBC French Service some 1,000 times in programs such as ''Honneur et Patrie''. He was called by some the "voice of France". During a meeting of the foreign ministers of the European Comm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sermoyer
Sermoyer () is a commune in the Ain department in eastern France. Population See also *Communes of the Ain department *Chizerots The Chizerots are a historic group of people living in a small locality in Burgundy, France, who are somewhat different in appearance and customs to their neighbours. Their origins are uncertain. North of Mâcon and south of Tournus, on both bank ... References Communes of Ain Ain communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia Bresse {{Ain-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Consul (representative)
A consul is an official representative of the government of one state in the territory of another, normally acting to assist and protect the citizens of the consul's own country, as well as to facilitate trade and friendship between the people of the two countries. A consul is distinguished from an ambassador, the latter being a representative from one head of state to another, but both have a form of immunity. There can be only one ambassador from one country to another, representing the first country's head of state to that of the second, and their duties revolve around diplomatic relations between the two countries; however, there may be several consuls, one in each of several major cities, providing assistance with bureaucratic issues to both the citizens of the consul's own country traveling or living abroad and to the citizens of the country in which the consul resides who wish to travel to or trade with the consul's country. A less common usage is an administrative co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archbishop Of Besançon
In Christian denominations, an archbishop is a bishop of higher rank or office. In most cases, such as the Catholic Church, there are many archbishops who either have jurisdiction over an ecclesiastical province in addition to their own archdiocese ( with some exceptions), or are otherwise granted a titular archbishopric. In others, such as the Lutheran Church of Sweden and the Church of England, the title is borne by the leader of the denomination. Etymology The word archbishop () comes via the Latin ''archiepiscopus.'' This in turn comes from the Greek , which has as components the etymons -, meaning 'chief', , 'over', and , 'seer'. Early history The earliest appearance of neither the title nor the role can be traced. The title of "metropolitan" was apparently well known by the 4th century, when there are references in the canons of the First Council of Nicæa of 325 and Council of Antioch of 341, though the term seems to be used generally for all higher ranks of bisho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prefect (France)
A prefect (french: préfet, plural ''préfets'') in France is the state's representative in a department or region. Subprefects (French: ''sous-préfets'') are responsible for the subdivisions of departments, known as arrondissements. The office of a prefect is known as a prefecture and that of a subprefect as a subprefecture. Regional prefects are ''ex officio'' the departmental prefects of the regional prefecture. Prefects are tasked with upholding the law in the department they serve in, including controlling the actions of local authorities to ensure adhesion to national guidelines. They are authorised to sue local collectivities in the name of the state. Prefects are appointed by a decree of the President of France when presiding the Government's Council of Ministers, following a proposal by the Prime Minister and the Minister of the Interior. They serve at the Government's discretion and can be replaced at any meeting of the Council of Ministers. From 1982 to 1988, und ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henry Soum
Henry Jules Joseph Pierre Soum (29 December 1899 – 24 August 1983) was a préfet of the Doubs (27 March 1943 – 17 November 1944) then Minister of State for Monaco Monaco (; ), officially the Principality of Monaco (french: Principauté de Monaco; Ligurian: ; oc, Principat de Mónegue), is a sovereign city-state and microstate on the French Riviera a few kilometres west of the Italian region of Lig .... He served between 1953 and 1959. He was born in 1899 and died in 1983. References Ministers of State of Monaco 1899 births 1983 deaths {{Monaco-politician-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military Court
A court-martial or court martial (plural ''courts-martial'' or ''courts martial'', as "martial" is a postpositive adjective) is a military court or a trial conducted in such a court. A court-martial is empowered to determine the guilt of members of the armed forces subject to military law, and, if the defendant is found guilty, to decide upon punishment. In addition, courts-martial may be used to try prisoners of war for war crimes. The Geneva Conventions require that POWs who are on trial for war crimes be subject to the same procedures as would be the holding military's own forces. Finally, courts-martial can be convened for other purposes, such as dealing with violations of martial law, and can involve civilian defendants. Most navies have a standard court-martial which convenes whenever a ship is lost; this does not presume that the captain is suspected of wrongdoing, but merely that the circumstances surrounding the loss of the ship be made part of the official reco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Châteaufarine
Châteaufarine is a newly developed area of Besançon located in the west of the city. It is a famous commercial center, the biggest of Franche-Comté, and a part of Planoise, France. History In 1971, "Châteaufarine" was a name of a hamlet, located in the present area of Planoise. This toponym was the name of a farm built by a baker for his children. In 1990, construction began for the first commercial centre in the region. See also * Planoise Planoise () is an urban area in the western part of Besançon, France, built in the 1960s between the hill of Planoise and the district of Hauts-de-Chazal. It is the most populous district of Besançon, with 21,000 inhabitants (17% of the tota ... * Besançon {{DEFAULTSORT:Chateaufarine Areas of Besançon Planoise ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communist
Communism (from Latin la, communis, lit=common, universal, label=none) is a far-left sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology and current within the socialist movement whose goal is the establishment of a communist society, a socioeconomic order centered around common ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange which allocates products to everyone in the society.: "One widespread distinction was that socialism socialised production only while communism socialised production and consumption." Communist society also involves the absence of private property, social classes, money, and the state. Communists often seek a voluntary state of self-governance, but disagree on the means to this end. This reflects a distinction between a more libertarian approach of communization, revolutionary spontaneity, and workers' self-management, and a more vanguardist or communist party-driven approach through the development of a constitutional socialist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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