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Henri Bretonnet
Henri-Etienne Bretonnet (1864, Mézières-sur-Seine – 1899) was a French naval officer, killed with most of his men in the battle of Togbao. Second Mizon mission Bretonnet entered in the navy by attending the École Navale, the Navy Academy in charge of the education of the officers of the French Navy. Among his first important mission was the participation in the second Mizon Mission in 1892; the expedition was commanded by ''lieutenant de vaisseau'' Louis Mizon, who under him Albert Nebout and Bretonnet as ''enseigne de vaisseau''. The expedition, that was to cover the territories between the Niger River and the Adamawa Plateau, Adamawa, was primarily designed to carve a French enclave on the Benue River in Northern Nigeria, a territory that the British claimed being theirs following the Berlin Conference. Ignoring the protests of the Royal Niger Company that Adamawa had been given to the British by the Berlin Conference, he hoisted the French flag in the region after a treaty ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henri Etienne Bretonnet
Henri is the French form of the masculine given name Henry (given name), Henry, also in Estonian, Finnish, German and Luxembourgish. Bearers of the given name include: People French nobles * Henri I de Montmorency (1534–1614), Marshal and Constable of France * Henri I, Duke of Nemours (1572–1632), the son of Jacques of Savoy and Anna d'Este * Henri II, Duke of Nemours (1625–1659), the seventh Duc de Nemours * Henri, Count of Harcourt (1601–1666), French nobleman * Henri, Dauphin of Viennois (1296–1349), bishop of Metz * Henri de Gondi (other) * Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne, Duke of Bouillon (1555–1623), member of the powerful House of La Tour d'Auvergne * Henri Emmanuel Boileau, baron de Castelnau (1857–1923), French mountain climber * Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (born 1955), the head of state of Luxembourg * Henri de Massue, Earl of Galway (1648–1720), French Huguenot soldier and diplomat, one of the principal commanders of Battle of Almansa * Françoi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Borgu
Borgu is a region and former country split between north-west Nigeria and the northern Republic of Benin. It was partitioned between British Empire, Great Britain and France by the Anglo-French Convention of 1898. People of Borgu are known as Bariba people, Bariba or Borgawa. History Founding According to the Kisra legend known all over Borgu, the petty kingdoms of the country were founded by Kisra, a hero who according to an oral tradition immigrated from Birnin Kisra ("the town of Kisra") in Arabia, but also claiming descent from Kanem-Bornu. Before his arrival, Borgu was politically unorganized. Local societies were organized by lineage, and villages rarely fought against one another. Kisra's sons are said to have been the founders of the main kingdoms of Borgu: Bussa, Nigeria, Bussa, Illo, and Nikki, Benin, Nikki. While the historicity of the Kisra legend is unclear, it likely commemorates an invasion and occupation of Borgu by horse-mounted warriors in the 15th century. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rabih Az-Zubayr
Rabih az-Zubayr ibn Fadl Allah (; c. 1842 – April 22, 1900), also known as Rabih Fadlallah and usually known as Rabah in French, was a Sudanese warlord and slave trader who established a powerful empire east of Lake Chad, in today's Chad. Born around 1842 to an Arabic tribe in Halfaya Al-Muluk, a suburb of Khartoum, he first served with the irregular Egyptian cavalry in the Egyptian–Ethiopian War, during which he was wounded. When Rabih briefly left the army in the 1860s, he became the principal lieutenant of the Sudanese slaveholder Sebehr Rahma. Lieutenant of al-Zubayr (1874–1879) In the 19th century, Khartoum had become a very important Arab slave market, supplied through companies of ''Khartumi'' established in the region of Bahr el Ghazal, where they resided in zaribas (), thornbush-fortified bases kept by bāzinqirs (firearm-equipped slave soldiers, borrowed from ). The warlord and slaveholder al-Zubayr Rahma Mansur assumed control of the region's zaribas a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Solomon Braun
Solomon Braun (1868–1899) was a French lieutenant of artillery, born at Paris in 1868 and died in Togbao, Chad, in 1899. His father, a poor peddler, observing Solomon's capacity for learning, made the greatest sacrifices to give him a good education. Solomon successfully passed the competitive examination for the ''École Polytechnique'', whence he graduated as lieutenant of artillery. In 1897 he obtained permission from the Minister of War to join the perilous expedition for the exploration of Lake Chad under Lieutenant Henri Bretonnet. The expedition was surprised by the forces of Rabih az-Zubayr Rabih az-Zubayr ibn Fadl Allah (; c. 1842 – April 22, 1900), also known as Rabih Fadlallah and usually known as Rabah in French, was a Sudanese warlord and slave trader who established a powerful empire east of Lake Chad, in today's Chad. B ..., ruler of the region, and almost every member of the mission was killed, Solomon included. References * {{DEFAULTSORT:Braun, S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lake Chad
Lake Chad (, Kanuri language, Kanuri: ''Sádǝ'', ) is an endorheic freshwater lake located at the junction of four countries: Nigeria, Niger, Chad, and Cameroon, in western and central Africa respectively, with a catchment area in excess of . It is an important wetland ecosystem in West-Central Africa. The lakeside is rich in reeds and swamps, and the plain along the lake is fertile, making it an important irrigated agricultural area. The lake is rich in aquatic resources and is one of the important freshwater fish producing areas in Africa. Lake Chad is divided into deeper southern parts and shallower northern parts. The water source of the lake mainly comes from rivers such as the Chari River that enter the lake. The water level varies greatly seasonally, and the area of the lake also changes dramatically. During the African humid period, the lake's area reached . Due to the increasingly arid climate, the lake surface gradually shrank. In the 19th century, it still had an are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Émile Gentil
Émile Gentil (; 4 April 1866 – 30 March 1914) was a French colonial administrator, naval officer, and military leader. He headed two military missions to conquer and consolidate territories north from modern Gabon to Chad. In 1902 Gentil was named commissioner-general of the French Congo residing at Brazzaville. Gabon's second-largest city Port-Gentil was named for him. Early life and military career Born at Volmunster in the department of Moselle, he later attended the École Navale, the school that formed French naval officers. As an ensign, he was assigned to conduct hydrographic soundings along the Gabonese coast from 1890 to 1892. That year, he joined the colonial administration in Gabon. Missions to the African Interior First Mission 1895–1897 In 1895, Gentil was ordered to find a practical route to Chad, claiming the area between for France, and hence thwarting German and British expansion. On 27 July 1895, Gentil headed up the Congo River on the French ste ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roommate
A roommate is a person with whom one shares a living facility such as a room or dormitory ''except'' when being family or romantically involved. Similar terms include dorm-mate, suite-mate, housemate, or flatmate ("flat": the usual term in British English for an apartment). Flatmate is the term most commonly used in New Zealand, when referring to the rental of an unshared room within any type of dwelling. Another similar term is sharemate (shared living spaces are often called ''sharehouses'' in Australia and other Commonwealth countries). A sharehome is a model of household in which a group of usually unrelated people reside together, including lease-by-room arrangements. The term generally applies to people living together in rental properties rather than in properties in which any resident is an Owner-occupier, owner occupier. In the United Kingdom, the term "roommate" means a person sharing the same ''bedroom''; in the United States and Canada, "roommate" and "housemate" are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gwandu
Gwandu, also called Gando, is a town and emirate in Kebbi State, Nigeria. The seat of government for the emirate and district of this name is in Birnin Kebbi, which is the capital of Kebbi State and was capital of the historical Kingdom of Kebbi. Founded in the sixteenth century by the Kabbawa, a Hausa people Gwandu today acts as one of the four emirates composing Kebbi State. The town became important during the Fulani jihad, and from 1815 it was one of the two capitals of the Fulani empire until it came under British control in 1903. History The name "Gwandu" derives from the Hausa word ''gandu'', which translates to "royal farmlands." The town's origins can be traced back to its earlier days as a small village under the leadership of the royal farmer of Kanta Kotal, who was the first King of Kebbi who reigned from 1517 to 1561. Over time, the village developed and expanded, eventually becoming a town. One of the factors contributing to the growth of Gwandu was its favor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nikki, Benin
Nikki is a town, arrondissement, and commune located in the Borgou Department of Benin. The commune covers an area of 3171 square kilometres and as of 2002 had a population of 99,251 people. Nikki is a major centre of the Batonuo people and is home to a traditional king, resident in the centre of the town.Butler, Stuart (2019) ''Bradt Travel Guide - Benin'', pgs. 181-83 The ''Gaani'' royal festival is held in the town annually. Before the colonial era, Nikki was one of the main political centers of the Borgu federation. History Foundation The capital of the kingdom of Nikki was originally Ouénou. Among the ethnic groups and peoples living in Ouénou, the Baatoumbou were a hierarchical people with a king at the top with the title Ouénou-Sounon. Around 1480, the Wassangari arrived in the region under the leadership of their leader Mansa Doro. Séro, his groom, son of Kisra was then chosen as head of the community which remained in the region and which was organized on the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anglo-French Convention Of 1898
The Anglo-French Convention of 1898, full name the ''Convention between Great Britain and France for the Delimitation of their respective Possessions to the West of the Niger, and of their respective Possessions and Spheres of Influence to the East of that River'', also known as the ''Niger Convention'', was an agreement between Britain and France that concluded the partition of West Africa between the colonial powers by finally fixing the borders in the disputed areas of Northern Nigeria.John M. CarlandThe Colonial Office and Nigeria, 1898–1914 Stanford: Hoover Press, 1985, p. 2. It was signed in Paris on 14 June 1898; ratifications were exchanged on 13 June 1899. Article IV of this convention was completed by a declaration signed in London on 21 March 1899 that, after the Fashoda Incident, delimited spheres of influence in northern Central Africa and the Sudan. See also * Anglo-French Convention of 1882 * Anglo-French Convention of 1889 * Entente Cordiale References Fu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
London
London is the Capital city, capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of both England and the United Kingdom, with a population of in . London metropolitan area, Its wider metropolitan area is the largest in Western Europe, with a population of 14.9 million. London stands on the River Thames in southeast England, at the head of a tidal estuary down to the North Sea, and has been a major settlement for nearly 2,000 years. Its ancient core and financial centre, the City of London, was founded by the Roman Empire, Romans as Londinium and has retained its medieval boundaries. The City of Westminster, to the west of the City of London, has been the centuries-long host of Government of the United Kingdom, the national government and Parliament of the United Kingdom, parliament. London grew rapidly 19th-century London, in the 19th century, becoming the world's List of largest cities throughout history, largest city at the time. Since the 19th cen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emir
Emir (; ' (), also Romanization of Arabic, transliterated as amir, is a word of Arabic language, Arabic origin that can refer to a male monarch, aristocratic, aristocrat, holder of high-ranking military or political office, or other person possessing actual or ceremonial authority. The title has a history of use in West Asia, East Africa, West Africa, Central Asia, and South Asia. In the modern era, when used as a formal monarchical title, it is roughly synonymous with "prince", applicable both to a son of a hereditary monarch, and to a reigning monarch of a sovereign principality, namely an emirate. The female, feminine form is emira ( '), with the same meaning as "princess". Prior to its use as a monarchical title, the term "emir" was historically used to denote a "commander", "general", or "leader" (for example, Amir al-Mu'min). In contemporary usage, "emir" is also sometimes used as either an honorary or formal title for the head of an Islamic, or Arab (regardless of relig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
