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Hendrik Koot
Hendrik Evert Koot (5 April 1898 – 14 February 1941) was a Dutch collaborator with the German occupying forces during World War II. A member of the Weerbaarheidsafdeling, WA, the paramilitary wing of the National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands (NSB), he was beaten up by members of a local ''knokploeg'' ("action group") in Amsterdam on 11 February 1941. His injuries were so severe that he died a few days later. His death was seized by the German authorities to start raids in the Jodenbuurt (Amsterdam), Jodenbuurt, the Amsterdam Jewish quarters, which in turn led to the February strike. Another element of Nazi retaliation was the installation of a ''Judenrat'' in Amsterdam: the . Early life Hendrik Koot was born and raised in Amsterdam. He joined the National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands (NSB) in 1935, with his wife, Elisabeth van Groningen, the latter being apparently influenced by a speech by the NSB founder, Anton Mussert, at the Concertgebouw, Amsterdam, Concert ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zorgvlied (cemetery)
Zorgvlied () is a cemetery on the in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, on the left bank of the river Amstel. The cemetery was opened in 1870 by the city of Amstelveen which still owns and operates it, though since 1896 (when city lines were redrawn) it is located within the boundaries of the city of Amsterdam. One of the country's best-known cemeteries, it is notable for the large number of celebrities, especially from the literary and theater worlds, buried there. History The cemetery takes its name from the villa on whose grounds it is built. The design, by Jan David Zocher, is in the English garden style. Zorgvlied was expanded in 1892 by Zocher's son, Louis Paul Zocher, and again in 1900, 1919, and 1926, when it became a burial place for the upper classes who had often been buried in Westerveld (cemetery), Westerveld in Driehuis. An Atrium (architecture), atrium was added in 1930. Notable monuments Perceptions of death and burial have changed considerably. After the 1994 buri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Het Parool
''Het Parool'' () is an Amsterdam-based daily newspaper. It was first published on 10 February 1941 as a resistance paper during the German occupation of the Netherlands (1940–1945). In English, its name means ''The Password'' or ''The Motto''. History Second World War The paper was preceded by a stenciled newsletter which was started in May 1940 by Frans Goedhart. In late 1940, Wim van Norden joined the group of producers of the newsletter; Van Norden would later serve as director of the newspaper between 1945 and 1979. Jaap Nunes Vaz also became involved with the newspaper. In 1944, the paper, albeit illegal and vigorously persecuted, reached a circulation of approximately 100,000, and it was distributed by the Dutch resistance. Other important contributors were Simon Carmiggelt and Max Nord, who lived with Van Norden and their families on the Reguliersgracht, in the headquarters of the paper, which was never discovered by the German occupiers. Numerous staff were ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amsterdam City Archives
The Amsterdam City Archives () preserves documents pertaining to the history of Amsterdam and provides information about the city. With archives covering a shelf-length of about 50 kilometres, the Amsterdam City Archives is the largest municipal archive in the world. History In the Middle Ages, Amsterdam’s important documents were stored in a special cabinet that was kept in the so-called ‘Iron Chapel’ (IJzeren Kapel) in the Old Church ( Oude Kerk). In the nineteenth century, the archives moved to the Waag building at the Nieuwmarkt, and in 1914 to the former town hall of Nieuwer-Amstel. Since the summer of 2007, the Amsterdam City Archives have been located in the monumental building De Bazel, in the city-centre, which derives its name from the famous Dutch architect Karel de Bazel, who designed it. Preservation The Amsterdam City Archives belongs to the government of Amsterdam. It preserves the archives of the municipal government and of the national government when rela ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jacques Presser
Jacob (Jacques) Presser (24 February 1899 – 30 April 1970) was a Dutch historian, writer and poet who is known for his book ''Ashes in the Wind (The Destruction of the Dutch Jews)'' on the history of the persecution of the Jews in the Netherlands during World War II. Presser made a significant contribution to Dutch historical scholarship, as well as to European historical scholarship. Early life and education Presser was born on 24 February 1899 in the former Jewish quarter of Amsterdam. His family was rather poor (his father was a diamond cutter), and his parents, who were secular Jews, had socialist leanings. Presser himself in later life also gravitated towards the left. As a child, he lived for a while with his family in Antwerp, Belgium. He attended the University of Amsterdam after he finished a commercial vocational college and having worked in an office for two years. At the university, he studied history, art history, and Dutch. He graduated ''cum laude'' in 192 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ritual Murder
Human sacrifice is the act of killing one or more humans as part of a ritual, which is usually intended to please or appease deity, gods, a human ruler, public or jurisdictional demands for justice by capital punishment, an authoritative/priestly figure, spirits of veneration of the dead, dead ancestors or as a retainer sacrifice, wherein a monarch's servants are killed in order for them to continue to serve their master in the next life. Closely related practices found in some tribe, tribal societies are human cannibalism, cannibalism and headhunting. Human sacrifice is also known as ritual murder. Human sacrifice was practiced in many human societies beginning in prehistoric times. By the Iron Age with the associated developments in religion (the Axial Age), human sacrifice was becoming less common throughout Africa, Europe, and Asia, and came to be looked down upon as barbarian, barbaric during classical antiquity. In the New World, Americas, however, human sacrifice cont ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Volk En Vaderland
''Volk en Vaderland'' (''People and Fatherland'') was a Dutch weekly paper published by Nenasu (''Nederlandsch Nationaal Socialistische Uitgeverij''), a Nazi publishing firm owned by Anton Mussert. Mussert was leader of the NSB or National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands. The NSB was a Nazi Dutch political party that collaborated with the German occupier during World War II. The weekly paper, also known as ''VoVa'', was founded in January 1933. It was the oldest national magazine related to the NSB. It was published in newspaper format and was sold mostly by peddling in the streets. It had a print run of 40,000 in May 1940 and grew to 200,000 in 1943, but in the last year of World War II its print run decreased to only 15,000.Kromhout, Bas. ''Fout! Wat Hollandse nazi-kranten schreven over Nederland, Joden en verzet''. Amsterdam: Historisch Nieuwsblad, 2016, p. 20 (in Dutch). The street peddling of the weekly often led to riots and fights with opponents of the NSB. As ''VoV ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Waterlooplein
Waterlooplein (Waterloo Square) is a square in the centre of Amsterdam in the Netherlands. The square near the Amstel river is named after the Battle of Waterloo in 1815. Prominent buildings on the square are the Stopera city hall and opera building and the Mozes en Aäronkerk church. The daily flea market on the square is popular with tourists. The market has some 300 stalls and is open every day except Sunday. Waterlooplein is a stop on the common part of Amsterdam Metro lines 51, 53, and 54. Tram line 14 and the Museumboot water taxi also stop at Waterlooplein. There is a taxi stand and parking garage. The area of Amsterdam that includes Waterlooplein is also called Groot Waterloo district. History Waterlooplein was created in 1882 when the Leprozengracht and Houtgracht canals were filled in. The square became a marketplace when the city government decided that the Jewish merchants in the nearby Jodenbreestraat and Sint Antoniebreestraat had to move their stalls ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reichskommissar
(, rendered as "Commissioner of the Empire", "Reich Commissioner" or "Imperial Commissioner"), in German history, was an official governatorial title used for various public offices during the period of the German Empire and Nazi Germany. German Empire Domestic In the unified German Empire (after 1871), Reichskommissars were appointed to oversee special tasks. For instance, there was a Reichskommissar for emigration (''Reichskommissar für das Auswanderungswesen'') in Hamburg. Presumably the same title is rendered as "German Imperial Commissioner" in the case of Heligoland, a strategically located once-Danish island in the North Sea, formally handed over to Germany by the UK on 9 August 1890 (under the Heligoland–Zanzibar Treaty) and on 15 December 1890 formally annexed to Germany (after 18 February 1891 part of the Prussian province of Schleswig-Holstein): 9 August 1890 – 1891 Adolf Wermuth (b. 1855 – d. 1927) Colonial The title of ''Reichskommissar'' was used during ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arthur Seyss-Inquart
Arthur Seyss-Inquart (; ; 22 July 1892 16 October 1946) was an Austrian Nazi politician who served as Chancellor of Austria in 1938 for two days before the ''Anschluss''. His positions in Nazi Germany included deputy governor to Hans Frank in the General Government of Occupied Poland, and '' Reichskommissar'' for the German-occupied Netherlands. In the latter role, he shared responsibility for the deportation of Dutch Jews and the shooting of hostages. During World War I, Seyss-Inquart fought for the Austro-Hungarian Army with distinction. After the war he became a successful lawyer, and went on to join the governments of Chancellors Engelbert Dollfuss and Kurt Schuschnigg. In 1938, Schuschnigg resigned in the face of a German invasion, and Seyss-Inquart was appointed his successor. The newly installed Nazis proceeded to transfer power to Germany, and Austria subsequently became the German province of Ostmark, with Seyss-Inquart as its governor (''Reichsstatthalter''). D ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
