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Heldengedenktag
The ("Heroes' Memorial Day") was a holiday in Nazi Germany in commemoration of the fallen soldiers of World War I. It was introduced on 27 February 1934 to replace the ''Volkstrauertag''. In the process, the Nazism, Nazis completely changed the character of the holiday: the emphasis shifted to hero worship rather than remembering the dead. Joseph Goebbels, as Reich Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda, Propaganda Minister, issued guidelines on content and implementation, instructing that flags no longer be flown at half-mast. The last ' was celebrated in 1945. Date Originally, the ' was observed on the fifth Sunday before Easter (''Reminiscere''). In 1939, it was moved to March 16, the day of the reintroduction of conscription, or on the Sunday before, if March 16 was a business day. * March 17 1935 * March 8 1936, one day after the remilitarisation of the Rhineland * February 21 1937 * March 13 1938, one day after the ''Anschluss'' * March 12 1939, three days be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Volkstrauertag
' (, ) is a commemoration day in Germany two Sundays before the first day of Advent. It commemorates members of the armed forces of all nations and civilians who died in armed conflicts, to include victims of violent oppression. It was first observed in its modern form in 1952. History In 1893, the Kingdom of Prussia consolidated many days of repentance and prayer celebrated by various Protestant denominations and in various German-speaking regions into ', a national work-holiday celebrated on the Wednesday before November 23. In 1919, the German War Graves Commission (') proposed a ' for German soldiers killed in the First World War. It was first held in 1922 in the Reichstag. In 1926, ' became a feature on what Catholics considered ' (the second Sunday of Lent.) In the Weimar years, ' was not a legal holiday for several reasons: * The Weimar Constitution did not make it clear whether the authority to define legal holidays lay with the ' or the ' (states). Over the year ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bundesarchiv Bild 183-J05694, Berlin, Heldengedenktag, Staatsakt Im Zeughaus
The German Federal Archives or Bundesarchiv (BArch) (, lit. "Federal Archive") are the national archives of Germany. They were established at the current location in Koblenz in 1952. They are subordinated to the Federal Commissioner for Culture and the Media (Claudia Roth since 2021) under the German Chancellery, and before 1998, to the Federal Ministry of the Interior. On 6 December 2008, the Archives donated 100,000 photos to the public, by making them accessible via Wikimedia Commons. History The federal archive for institutions and authorities in Germany, the first precursor to the present-day Federal Archives, was established in Potsdam, Brandenburg in 1919, a later date than in other European countries. This national archive documented German government dating from the founding of the North German Confederation in 1867. It also included material from the older German Confederation and the Imperial Chamber Court. The oldest documents in this collection dated back to the y ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Business Day
A business day normally means any day except a legal holiday. It may also mean a business day of operation, any of the days an organization operates. It depends on the local workweek which is dictated by local customs, religions, and business operations. It is related to '' working time'', the period of time that an individual spends at paid occupational labor. Alternatively, a business day may also be defined as any day which the New York Stock Exchange is open for trading or any day except those on which banking institutions are authorized or required by law or other governmental action to close. Working time The working time in a business day varies by region. For example, in the United States and much of the Western world, a typical workday is from 9am to 5pm. In contrast, for many eastern countries such as Japan, the normal business day is from 8:30am to 7pm. The length of a business day varies by era, by region, by industry, and by company. Prevalent norms have incl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
March Observances
March is the third month of the year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. Its length is 31 days. In the Northern Hemisphere, the meteorological beginning of spring occurs on the first day of March. The March equinox on the 20 or 21 marks the astronomical beginning of spring in the Northern Hemisphere and the beginning of autumn in the Southern Hemisphere, where September is the seasonal equivalent of the Northern Hemisphere's March. History The name of March comes from '' Martius'', the first month of the earliest Roman calendar. It was named after Mars, the Roman god of war, and an ancestor of the Roman people through his sons Romulus and Remus. His month ''Martius'' was the beginning of the season for warfare, and the festivals held in his honor during the month were mirrored by others in October, when the season for these activities came to a close. ''Martius'' remained the first month of the Roman calendar year perhaps as late as 153 BC, and several religiou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heroes' Day
Heroes' Day or National Heroes' Day may refer to a number of commemorations of national heroes in different countries and territories. It is often held on the birthday of a national hero or heroine, or the anniversary of their great deeds that made them heroes. Angola National Heroes' Day in Angola is a holiday in Angola on 17 September, the birthday of the national hero Agostinho Neto. Bahamas National Heroes' Day in the Bahamas has been a public holiday since 2013. It replaced Discovery Day, which celebrated the arrival of Christopher Columbus to the Americas. Barbados National Heroes' Day is a public holiday in Barbados on April 28, honoring the eleven national heroes of Barbados. It was first celebrated on 28 April 1998, the centenary of the birth of national hero Grantley Adams, after the passing of the Order of National Heroes Act 1998. Bermuda National Heroes' Day has been an official holiday in Bermuda since 2008, when the centre-left government declared it would ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nazism And The Wehrmacht
The relationship between the ''Wehrmacht'' (from 1935 to 1945 the regular combined armed forces of Nazi Germany) and the Nazi Party which ruled Germany has been the subject of an extensive historiographical debate. After the Nazis came to power, they sought to control all aspects of civil society and the state, including the military. Historically, the German armed forces had operated with a great deal of autonomy, which was steadily eroded until they were under the direct control of the Nazis. Following the war, many former Nazis denied and downplayed the extensive war crimes committed by the ''Wehrmacht'' and its complicity in the Holocaust. This is referred to as the myth of the clean ''Wehrmacht''. Politics of the ''Wehrmacht'' The German military had traditionally functioned as a " state within a state", with a very large amount of institutional autonomy. Thus Chancellor Otto von Bismarck had been forbidden to attend meetings of the Supreme Council of War because as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Occupation Of Czechoslovakia (1938–1945)
The military occupation of Czechoslovakia by Nazi Germany began with the German annexation of the Sudetenland in 1938, continued with the creation of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, and by the end of 1944 extended to all parts of Czechoslovakia. Following the ''Anschluss'' of Austria in March 1938 and the Munich Agreement in September of that same year, Adolf Hitler annexed the Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia on 1 October, giving Germany control of the extensive Czechoslovak border fortifications in this area. The incorporation of the Sudetenland into Germany left the rest of Czechoslovakia with a largely indefensible northwestern border. Also a Polish-majority borderland region of Trans-Olza which was annexed by Czechoslovakia in 1919, was occupied and annexed by Polish Second Republic, Poland following the two-decade long territorial dispute. Finally the First Vienna Award gave to Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946), Hungary the southern territories of Slovakia and C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anschluss
The (, or , ), also known as the (, ), was the annexation of the Federal State of Austria into Nazi Germany on 12 March 1938. The idea of an (a united Austria and Germany that would form a "German Question, Greater Germany") arose after the unification of Germany, 1871 unification of Germany excluded Austria and the German Austrians from the Prussian-dominated German Empire. It gained support after the Austria-Hungary, Austro-Hungarian Empire fell in 1918. The new Republic of German-Austria attempted to form a union with Germany, but the 1919 Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1919), Treaty of Saint Germain and Treaty of Versailles forbade both the union and the continued use of the name "German-Austria" (); they also stripped Austria of some of its territories, such as the Sudetenland. This left Austria without most of the territories it had ruled for centuries and amid economic crisis. By the 1920s, the proposal had strong support in both Austria and Germany, particularly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Remilitarisation Of The Rhineland
The remilitarisation of the Rhineland (, ) began on 7 March 1936, when military forces of Nazi Germany entered the Rhineland, which directly contravened the Treaty of Versailles and the Locarno Treaties. Neither France nor Britain was prepared for a military response, so they did not act. After 1939, commentators often said that a strong military move in 1936 might have ruined the expansionist plans of Adolf Hitler, the dictator of Germany. However, recent historiography agrees that both public and elite opinion in Britain and France strongly opposed a military intervention, and neither had an army prepared to move in. After the end of World War I, the Rhineland came under Allied occupation. Under the 1919 Treaty of Versailles, the German military was forbidden from all territories west of the Rhine or within 50 km east of it. The 1925 Locarno Treaties reaffirmed the then-permanently-demilitarised status of the Rhineland. In 1929, German Foreign Minister Gustav Stresemann ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conscription
Conscription, also known as the draft in the United States and Israel, is the practice in which the compulsory enlistment in a national service, mainly a military service, is enforced by law. Conscription dates back to antiquity and it continues in some countries to the present day under various names. The modern system of near-universal national conscription for young men dates to the French Revolution in the 1790s, where it became the basis of a very large and powerful military. Most European nations later copied the system in peacetime, so that men at a certain age would serve 1 to 8 years on active duty and then transfer to the reserve force. Conscription is controversial for a range of reasons, including conscientious objection to military engagements on religious or philosophical grounds; political objection, for example to service for a disliked government or unpopular war; sexism, in that historically men have been subject to the draft in the most cases; and ideol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany, officially known as the German Reich and later the Greater German Reich, was the German Reich, German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a Totalitarianism, totalitarian dictatorship. The Third Reich, meaning "Third Realm" or "Third Empire", referred to the Nazi claim that Nazi Germany was the successor to the earlier Holy Roman Empire (800–1806) and German Empire (1871–1918). The Third Reich, which the Nazis referred to as the Thousand-Year Reich, ended in May 1945, after 12 years, when the Allies of World War II, Allies defeated Germany and entered the capital, Berlin, End of World War II in Europe, ending World War II in Europe. After Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany in 1933, the Nazi Party began to eliminate political opposition and consolidate power. A 1934 German referendum confirmed Hitler as sole ''Führer'' (leader). Power was centralised in Hitler's person, an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reminiscere
Lent (, 'Fortieth') is the solemn Christian religious observance in the liturgical year in preparation for Easter. It echoes the 40 days Jesus spent fasting in the desert and enduring temptation by Satan, according to the Gospels of Matthew, Mark and Luke, before beginning his public ministry. Lent is usually observed in the Catholic, Lutheran, Moravian, Anglican, United Protestant and Orthodox Christian traditions, among others. A number of Anabaptist, Baptist, Methodist, Reformed (including certain Continental Reformed, Presbyterian and Congregationalist churches), and nondenominational Christian churches also observe Lent, although many churches in these traditions do not. Which days are enumerated as being part of Lent differs between denominations (see below), although in all of them Lent is described as lasting for a total duration of 40 days, the number of days Jesus, as well as Moses and Elijah, went without food in their respective fasts. In Lent-observing Wester ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
