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Hegano
Hegano ( Harari: ሔገኖ) sometimes called Haygan or Hayjan was an administrative title in the Horn of Africa. Etymology According to historian Abdurahman Garad, Hegano is an extract from the root Harari word ''Hegan'' “lieutenant” or ''Hegana'' ”to proxy”. Its also utilized in a similar manner by the languages of Silt'e and Wolane people. History Hegano first appears in the fifteenth century emperor Zara Yaqob chronicles which states the rulers of the Abyssinian provinces of Gabar-ge and Wej were designated by this term. It was also applied by the chiefs of Ganz province and linked to rulers of Bale. According to sixteenth century Adal writer Arab Faqīh, a Malassay soldier of Adal Sultanate who participated in the Ethiopian-Adal war was styled Alus bin al-Haygan. Towards the end of this age the ruler of Aussa a subordinate of Harar based Adal Sultanate was known as Hegano Hashim. See also * Kabir Kabir Das (1398–1518) was a 15th-century Indian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bale (historical Region)
Bale (Oromo: Baalee; Amharic: ባሌ Somali: Baale ), also known as Bali, was a historical Muslim region located in the southeastern part of modern Ethiopia. It bordered the Dawaro to the north, Hadiya in the west, and Adal in the east and its core areas were located around the Shebelle River. The borders of Bale during the medieval period are unclear - it is usually placed around the Wabe Shebelle river, another river that shaped its borders was the Wabe River. Overall, borders of historical Bale corresponded to the modern districts of Goba, Sinana-Dinsho, Agarfa, Gasera and Goro. In the 14th century it was located between Ifat and Solomonic tributary state of Hadiya. Taddesse Tamrat locates Bale south of the Shebelle River, which separated the kingdom from Dawaro to the north and Adal to the northeast;Taddesse Tamrat, ''Church and State in Ethiopia (1270-1527)'' (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1972), p. 142 n. 1. Richard Pankhurst adds that its southern boundary was the Gana ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malak (title)
Malak ( Harari: መላቅ) (sometimes spelled ''Malaq'') was an administrative designation in the Horn of Africa. Etymology Polish linguist Wolf Leslau notes that the term Malaq signifies chief for one of the five gates of Harar. It is derived from two Harari words, "mala" and "aqa," which together mean 'who knows the way and means.' German historian Manfred Kropp, suggests that it may be associated with another Harari term the Malassay. Additionally, Malak denotes ‘chief’ in Somali, a term borrowed from Harari, as stated by Italian linguist Giorgio Banti and historian Enrico Cerulli. It also signifies ‘chief’ in both the Afar and Oromo languages. History Israeli historian Avishai Ben-Dror asserts that the term "Malak" has its roots in the fifteenth century within the context of the Adal Sultanate. In the 1600s, the leader of the Imamate of Aussa was referred to as Malaq Adam b. Sadiq. This designation persisted in the successor states of Adal, including the Aussa S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harari Language
Harari is an Ethiopian Semitic language spoken by the Harari people of Ethiopia. According to the 2007 Ethiopian census, it is spoken by 25,810 people. Most of its speakers are multilingual in Amharic and/or Eastern Oromo Eastern Oromo is a form of Oromo language spoken in the East Hararghe Zone, West Hararghe Zone and northern Bale Zone of the Oromia Region of Ethiopia Ethiopia, , om, Itiyoophiyaa, so, Itoobiya, ti, ኢትዮጵያ, Ítiyop'iya, aa, .... Harari is closely related to the Eastern Gurage languages, Zay, and Silt'e, all of whom are linked to the now extinct Semitic Harla language. Locals or natives of Harar refer to it as ''Gēy Sinan'' or ''Gēy Ritma'' "language of the City" (''Gēy'' is the word for how Harari speakers refer to Harar, whose name is an exonym). Harari was originally written with a version of the Arabic script, then the Ethiopic script was adopted to write the language. Some Harari speakers in diaspora write their language ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adal Sultanate
The Adal Sultanate, or the Adal Empire or the ʿAdal or the Bar Saʿad dīn (alt. spelling ''Adel Sultanate, ''Adal ''Sultanate'') () was a medieval Sunni Muslim Empire which was located in the Horn of Africa. It was founded by Sabr ad-Din II after the fall of the Sultanate of Ifat. The kingdom flourished circa 1415 to 1577.. The sultanate and state were established by the local inhabitants of Zeila. or the Harar plateau. At its height, the polity under Sultan Badlay controlled the territory stretching from Somaliland to the port city of Suakin in Sudan. The Adal Empire maintained a robust commercial and political relationship with the Ottoman Empire. Etymology Adal is believed to be an abbreviation of Havilah. Eidal or Aw Abdal, was the Emir of Harar in the eleventh century. In the thirteenth century, the Arab writer al-Dimashqi refers to the Adal Sultanate's capital, Zeila, by its Somali name "Awdal" ( so, "Awdal"). The modern Awdal region of Somaliland, which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Royal Titles
Traditional rank amongst European royalty, peers, and nobility is rooted in Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Although they vary over time and among geographic regions (for example, one region's prince might be equal to another's grand duke), the following is a reasonably comprehensive list that provides information on both general ranks and specific differences. Distinction should be made between reigning (or formerly reigning) families and the nobility – the latter being a social class subject to and created by the former. Ranks and titles Sovereign * The word ''monarch'' is derived from the Greek μονάρχης, ''monárkhēs'', "sole ruler" (from μόνος, ''mónos'', "single" or "sole", and , ''árkhōn'', archon, "leader", "ruler", "chief", the word being the present participle of the verb ἄρχειν, ''árkhein'', "to rule", "to lead", this from the noun ὰρχή, ''arkhē'', "beginning", "authority", "principle") through the Latinized form ''monarcha'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kabir (teacher)
Kabir (sometimes spelled ''kabeer'') is an honorific title in the Harari language. It commonly designates a Muslim scholar or a teacher. Enrico Cerulli states the term is of Ethiopian Semitic origin. According to the Afar locals in Afambo a Harari Muslim scholar by the name Kabir Hamza arrived into the region, and introduced Hanafi legal school into Aussa his descendants today are known as ''"Kabirtu"'' and identify as Harla. Kabirtu in Afar trace their lineage to the Walasma dynasty. Kabir Hamza Mahmud al-Awsiyyi a Harla clan affiliate was known as the scholar of Aussa. People with the title include: *Kabir Khalil, scholar in the Emirate of Harar *Kabir Muhammad, Muezzin of Ahmed ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi *Kabir Ibrahim, Muezzin of Abun Adashe *Kabir Hamid, ancestor of the Wolane people *Kabir Abdulmuhaymin Abdulnasser, contemporary Harari scholar *Kabir Hassan, Qallu Qallu is one of the thirteen sub-clans of the Sheikhal clan. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harar
Harar ( amh, ሐረር; Harari: ሀረር; om, Adare Biyyo; so, Herer; ar, هرر) known historically by the indigenous as Gey (Harari: ጌይ ''Gēy'', ) is a walled city in eastern Ethiopia. It is also known in Arabic as the City of Saints ( ar, مدينة الأَوْلِيَاء). Harar is the capital city of the Harari Region. The ancient city is located on a hilltop in the eastern part of the country and is about five hundred kilometers from the Ethiopian capital Addis Ababa at an elevation of . For centuries, Harar has been a major commercial center, linked by the trade routes with the rest of Ethiopia, the entire Horn of Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, Asia, and through its ports, the outside world. Harar Jugol, the old walled city, was listed as a World Heritage Site in 2006 by UNESCO in recognition of its cultural heritage. Because of Harar's long history of involvement during times of trade in the Arabian Peninsula, the Government of Ethiopia has made it a crim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Asaita
Asaita ( am, አሳይታ, Asayəta, aa, Aysaqiita), also known as Aussa (Awsa), is a town in northeastern Ethiopia, and until 2007 served as the capital of the Afar Region of Ethiopia. Located in the Afambo woreda, part of the region's Awsi Rasu zone, the town has a latitude and longitude of and an elevation of . Asaita was briefly the capital of the Adal Sultanate and Imamate of Aussa as well as seat of the Aussa Sultanate, the chief Afar monarchy, but is south by unpaved road from Awash– Asseb highway. A telephone line from Kombolcha to Asaita was in operation in 1964."Local History in Ethiopia" (pdf) The Nordic Africa Institute website (accessed 21 November 2007) The town of |
Shihab Al-Dīn Aḥmad Ibn ʿAbd Al-Qādir Ibn Sālim Ibn ʿUthmān
Shihab al-Dīn Aḥmad ibn ʿAbd al-Qādir ibn Sālim ibn ʿUthmān, most commonly known as Arab Faqīh, was an Arab writer of the chronicle ''"Futuh al-Habasha"'', a first hand account of the Ethiopian-Adal war in the sixteenth century. Biography Arab Faqih was a citizen of the Adal Sultanate and a religious Sufi Sufism ( ar, ''aṣ-ṣūfiyya''), also known as Tasawwuf ( ''at-taṣawwuf''), is a mystic body of religious practice, found mainly within Sunni Islam but also within Shia Islam, which is characterized by a focus on Islamic spirituality, .... He is believed to be of Yemeni descent according to most scholars. However other historians such as Enrico Cerulli state he was possibly of Harari background. Arab Faqih is notable for writing the ''"Futuh al-Habasha"'' which details the sixteenth century war between Adal and Abyssinia from the point of view of Harar residents. References {{reflist Arab historians 16th-century Arab people People from the Adal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malassay
A Malassay ( Harari: መለሳይ ''Mäläsay'') was a member of the elite infantry units that formed the Adal Sultanate's household troops. According to Manfred Kropp, Malassay were the Harari armed forces. Etymology Malassay appears to refer to a military rank or warrior in Afar and Harari languages. According to Dr. Duri Mohammed and others, Malassay in ancient times attributed to Harari serviceman however in the present day it refers to a brotherhood or member of a fraternity. According to Harari scholar Abdurrahman Qorram, Malassay derives from the root Harari term ''mälä'' meaning to provide solutions. History Early Ge'ez and Portuguese texts indicate Muslim soldiers were known as the Malassay. In the thirteenth century the Malassay appear to back the Amhara rebel Yekuno Amlak in his conflict with the Zagwe dynasty. Historians have identified the Gafat regiments of the Malassay played a key role in founding the Christian Solomonic dynasty. Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Horn Of Africa
The Horn of Africa (HoA), also known as the Somali Peninsula, is a large peninsula and geopolitical region in East Africa.Robert Stock, ''Africa South of the Sahara, Second Edition: A Geographical Interpretation'', (The Guilford Press; 2004), p. 26 Located on the easternmost part of the African mainland, it is the fourth largest peninsula in the world. It is composed of Ethiopia, Eritrea, Somalia and Djibouti; broader definitions also include parts or all of Kenya, Sudan, South Sudan, and Uganda. The term Greater Horn Region (GHR) can additionally include Burundi, Rwanda, and Tanzania. It lies along the southern boundary of the Red Sea and extends hundreds of kilometres into the Guardafui Channel, Gulf of Aden, and Indian Ocean and shares a maritime border with the Arabian Peninsula of Western Asia. Names This peninsula has been known by various names. Ancient Greeks and Romans referred to it as Regio Aromatica or Regio Cinnamonifora due to the aromatic plants or as Regio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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