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Heer Ranjha
'' Ranjha'' () is a classical Punjabi folk tragedy with many historic poetic narrations; with the first one penned by Damodar Gulati in 1600s, on the preexisting oral legend; and the most famous one, ''Heer'', written by Waris Shah in 1766, in the form of an epic. Set in Takht Hazara and Tilla Jogian, it follows the story of love, forced separation, and eventual simultaneous demise of two youths in the Punjabi countryside.(Arif JamshaidThe epic of Heer Ranjha, research paper on epic poem written by Waris Shah in 1766 on Academy of the Punjab in North America websiteRetrieved 14 November 2020 It is one of the four popular tragic romances of the Punjab. The other three are ''Mirza Sahiban'', '' Sohni Mahiwal'' and '' Sassi Punnun''. History ''Heer Ranjha'' has been written by a number of poets. The earliest known Punjabi version was composed by Damodar Gulati in the early 17th century during the reign of Akbar. He claimed to be its eyewitness, likely as a poetic trop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tragedy
A tragedy is a genre of drama based on human suffering and, mainly, the terrible or sorrowful events that befall a tragic hero, main character or cast of characters. Traditionally, the intention of tragedy is to invoke an accompanying catharsis, or a "pain [that] awakens pleasure,” for the audience. While many cultures have developed forms that provoke this paradoxical response, the term ''tragedy'' often refers to a specific Poetic tradition, tradition of drama that has played a unique and important role historically in the self-definition of Western culture, Western civilization. That tradition has been multiple and discontinuous, yet the term has often been used to invoke a powerful effect of cultural identity and historical continuity—"the Classical Athens, Greeks and the Elizabethan era, Elizabethans, in one cultural form; Hellenistic civilization, Hellenes and Christians, in a common activity," as Raymond Williams puts it. Originating in the theatre of ancient Greece ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Punjab
Punjab (; ; also romanised as Panjāb or Panj-Āb) is a geopolitical, cultural, and historical region in South Asia. It is located in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent, comprising areas of modern-day eastern Pakistan and northwestern India. Pakistan's major cities in Punjab are Lahore, Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, Gujranwala, Multan, Sialkot, and Bahawalpur, while India’s are Ludhiana, Amritsar, Chandigarh, Jalandhar, Patiala, Mohali, and Bathinda. Punjab grew out of the settlements along the five rivers, which served as an important route to the Near East as early as the ancient Indus Valley civilization, dating back to , followed by migrations of the Indo-Aryan peoples. Agriculture has been the chief economic feature of the Punjab and formed the foundation of Punjabi culture. The Punjab emerged as an important agricultural region, especially following the Green Revolution during the mid-1960s to the mid-1970s, and has been described as the " breadbask ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vaar
The Vār or Vaar (, ), in Punjabi poetry, is a heroic ode or ballad which generally narrates legend such as stories of Punjabi folk heroes or a historical event.''The Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature (Volume One - A to Devo)''. Amaresh Datta, ed. Sahitya Akademi: 2006, 352. Examples include the feats of Dulla Bhatti and Raja Rasalu, Amir Khusrau's Vaar for Ghazi Malik who took the throne of Delhi in 1320, the Vaar of Shaikh Khokhar, Najabat's ''Nadar Shah di Var'' which describes the invasion of India by Nadir Shah in 1739, and the ''Chatthian di Vaar'' which commemorates Pir Muhammad Chattha's famous rivalry with the Sikhs. The Var has also been used to evoke the mood of devotion or sacrifice, as in Guru Gobind Singh's '' Chandi di Var'', or to narrate the mystical experience of a Pir, Bhagat or Guru. See also * Punjabi Qisse * Punjabi folklore * Dhadi (music) * Raga A raga ( ; , ; ) is a melodic framework for improvisation in Indian classical music akin to a mu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bansuri
A bansuri is an ancient side-blown bamboo flute originating from the Indian Subcontinent. It is an aerophone produced from bamboo and metal-like material, used in many Indian and Nepali Lok songs. A ''bansuri'' is traditionally made from a single hollow shaft of bamboo with seven finger holes. Some modern designs come in ivory, fiberglass and various metals. The six-hole instrument covers two and a half octaves of music. The ''bansuri'' is typically between in length, and the thickness of a human thumb. One end is closed, and few centimeters from the closed end is its blow hole. Longer ''bansuris'' feature deeper tones and lower pitches. The traditional design features no mechanical keys, and the musician creates the notes they want by covering and uncovering the various finger holes. The ''bansuri''-like flute is depicted in ancient Buddhist, Hindu and Jain temple paintings and reliefs, and is common in the iconography of the Hindu god Krishna. It is intimately linked to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shackle, Christopher
Christopher Shackle, (born 4 March 1942) is Emeritus Professor of Modern Languages of South Asia at the University of London. Life and career Christopher Shackle was born on 4 March 1942. He was educated at Haileybury and Imperial Service College, and went up to Merton College, Oxford in 1959 to read Oriental Studies, graduating with a first class degree in 1963. He then went on to study as a postgraduate at St Antony's College. In 1969 Shackle took up an appointment as a Lecturer in Urdu and Punjabi at SOAS University of London, a position he held for the next 10 years. In January 1979 he moved to Birkbeck College to become Reader in Modern Languages of South Asia, returning in 1985 to SOAS as Professor of Modern Languages of South Asia. He is furthermore the head of the Urdu department at the School of Oriental and African Studies of London, Project Leader at the Arts and Humanities Research Council's Centre for Asian and African Literatures, and a member of the Centre of Sou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chenab River
The Chenab River is a major river in India and Pakistan, and is one of the 5 major rivers of the Punjab region. It is formed by the union of two headwaters, the Chandra and Bhaga, which rise in the upper Himalayas in the Lahaul region of Himachal Pradesh, India. The Chenab flows then through the Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir, India into the plains of Punjab, Pakistan, where it joins the Sutlej River to form the Panjnad, which ultimately flows into the Indus River at Mithankot. The waters of the Chenab were allocated to Pakistan under the terms of the Indus Waters Treaty. India is allowed non-consumptive uses such as power generation. The Chenab River is extensively used in Pakistan for irrigation. Its waters are also transferred to the channel of the Ravi River via numerous link canals. Name The Chenab river was called ' () in the Rigveda (VIII.20.25, X.75.5). The name meant that it was seen to have dark-coloured waters. The term Krishana is also found in the At ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ranjha (tribe)
The Ranjha are a Jat clan of Punjabis, found in Punjab region of Pakistan.They are found throughout District Mandi Bahauddin, Sargodha, Gujrat and Jhelum District.The clan is famous for producing Deedo Ranjha, the main character in the legend of Heer Ranjha. Notable people * Mohsin Shahnawaz Ranjha * Khalid Ranjha * Chaudhry Imtiaz Ahmed Ranjha * Mian Manazir Hussain Ranjha See also *Heer Ranjha *Punjabi Muslims *Jat Muslim Jat Muslim or Musalman Jats (; ), also spelled Jatt or Jutt (), are an elastic and diverse ethnoreligious subgroup of the Jat people, who follow Islam and are native to the northwestern Indian subcontinent. They are primarily found in Sindh a ... * List of Punjabi Muslims References *Ranjha (R) Jat clans Jat clans of Punjab Jat tribes Punjabi-language surnames Surnames of Pakistani origin Pakistani names {{Pakistan-ethno-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sial (tribe)
The Sial or Siyal ( Punjabi and Urdu: سيال) is a Punjabi clan found in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent, split between India and Pakistan. Ethnographic classification According to the Bardic traditions, Sials descended from a certain Rai Shankar, a Parmar Rajput. Rai Shankar had three sons: Seo, Teo and Gheo, the ancestors of Sial, Tiwana and Gheba clans, respectively. Denzil Ibbetson, an administrator of the British Raj, classified the Sial as a Rajput tribe. However, they are also classified as Jats. Following the introduction of the Punjab Land Alienation Act in 1900, the authorities of the Raj classified the Sials who inhabited the Punjab as an "agricultural tribe", a term that was administratively synonymous with the " martial race" classification that was used for the purposes of determining the suitability of a person as a recruit to the British Indian Army. History During the fifteenth- and sixteenth-century periods of the Mughal Empire, t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ahmad Yar
Aḥmad Yār (1768–1845) was a Punjabi poet and historian from Gujrat. Biography Ahmad Yar was born in 1768 at Islamgarh in Gujrat District. His date of birth is based on his own comment that he was seventy when he was appointed to write ''Shāhnāma-yi Ranjīt Singh'' in 1838. At his youth, he left Islamgarh to live in Murala, where he spent most of his life and died in 1845. Literary works Ahmad Yar was a prolific writer, producing more than forty Punjabi Qisse during his lifetime. He was also a polyglot, and wrote in Punjabi, Arabic, Persian and Braj Bhasha on a variety of subjects including medicine (''Ṭibb-i Aḥmad-Yārī''), history (''Shāhnāma'', a Persian chronicle of Ranjit Singh’s court), Islam (''Jang-e-Aḥmad''), and romance ('' Hīr Rāṃjhā'', '' Sohńī Mahīṃwāl'', '' Laila-Majnun'' and '' Sassī Punnūṃ'', among others). Although he wrote a number of devotional poems such as ''Sharḥ duʿā suryānī'', ''Ḥulya mubārak Rasūl-i maqbūl'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fazal Shah Sayyad
Fazal Shah Sayyad (1827–1890) was a 19th-century Punjabi poet known for his '' qissas'' (long poems) on tragic romances, most notably ''Sohni Mahiwal'', ''Heer Ranjha'' and '' Laila Majnu''. Of this body of work, the poem ''Sohni Mahiwal'' "has been considered his best". He was born in 1827 in Punjab during the Sikh rule and resided in Newan Kot, a suburb of Lahore (present-day Punjab, Pakistan Punjab (, ) is a Administrative units of Pakistan, province of Pakistan. With a population of over 127 million, it is the Demographics of Pakistan, most populous province in Pakistan and the List of first-level administrative divisions by popu ...) where he died in 1890. References {{DEFAULTSORT:Sayyad, Fazal Shah 1827 births 1890 deaths Punjabi-language poets People from Punjab Province (British India) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hafiz Barkhudar
Hafiz () or Hafez may refer to: * Hafiz (Quran), a term used by Muslims for people who have completely memorized the Qur'an ** ''Al-Ḥafīẓ'', one of the names of God in Islam, meaning "the Ever-Preserving/Guardian/All-Watching/ Protector" People * Hafiz (name), including a list of people with the name * Hafez, a 14th-century Persian mystic and poet. Sometimes credited as "Hafiz" or "Hafiz of Shiraz" * Hafiz, starring role played by actor Ronald Colman in ''Kismet'' (1944 film) *Abdel Halim Hafez, Egyptian singer * Hafiz Abdulrahman, Sudanese flutist *Hafiz Shirazi, Persian 14th-century poet Places * Hafez, Iran, a village in East Azerbaijan Province, Iran * Tomb of Hafez, one of two memorial structures in Shiraz, Iran, erected in memory of the Persian poet Hafez Others * Muhafiz (other) * Hifazat (other) * ''Hafez'' (opera), 2013 Persian-language opera by Behzad Abdi * Hafiz (horse), French Thoroughbred racehorse * ''Hafís'' (drift ice), work for c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Braj Bhasha
Braj is a language within the Indo-Aryan language family spoken in the Braj region in Western Uttar Pradesh centered on Mathura. Along with Awadhi, it was one of the two predominant literary languages of North-Central India before gradually merging and contributing to the development of standardized Hindi in the 19th century. It is spoken today in its unique form in many districts of Western Uttar Pradesh, often referred to as 'Central Braj Bhasha'. The language was historically used for Vaishnavite poetry dedicated to Krishna, whose life was associated with sites in the Braj region. There were also early prose works in terms of the hagiographical ''vārtā'' literature of the Vallabha sect. Braj is considered by scholars to be a more conservative example of the Central Indo-Aryan languages compared to the Hindustani language, which has been influenced by Panjabi and intermediate dialects. Geographical distribution Braj Bhasha is spoken in the nebulous Braj region c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
