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Hatice Halime Hatun
Tacünnisa Hatice Halime Sultan Hatun (, "''respectful lady''" and "''the gentle/patient one''", - 1440), also known as Alime Hatun or Sultan Hatun, was a princess of the House of Candar as daughter of İsfendiyar Bey, ruler of the Beylik of Candar. She was a consort of Sultan Murad II of the Ottoman Empire. Following her death in 1440, her place as consort was taken by her niece Hatice Hatun, daughter of her brother Tâceddin Ibrâhim II Bey. Biography Born Tacünnisa Hatice Halime Sultan Hatun of the princely House of Candar, she was the daughter of Isfendiyâr, eighth ''bey'' of the Candar Beylik. When Murad II, the Ottoman sultan, sided against Isfendiyar and alongside his rebellious son Kıvameddin Kazım Bey, to whom he betrothed one of his sisters, Fatma Sultan Hatun, Isfendiyar offered Murad peace and proposed to seal the deal with a double marriage. Murad accepted and in 1425, in Edirne, he married Isfendiyar's daughter, Halime Hatun, while another of Murad's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Princess
Princess is a title used by a female member of a regnant monarch's family or by a female ruler of a principality. The male equivalent is a prince (from Latin '' princeps'', meaning principal citizen). Most often, the term has been used for the consort of a prince, or for the daughter of a monarch. A crown princess can be the heir apparent to the throne or the spouse of the heir apparent. Princess as a substantive title Some princesses are reigning monarchs of principalities. There have been fewer instances of reigning princesses than reigning princes, as most principalities excluded women from inheriting the throne. An example of a princess regnant is Constance of Antioch, princess regnant of Antioch in the 12th century. Since the president of France, an office for which women are eligible, is ''ex-officio'' a co-prince of Andorra, then Andorra could theoretically be jointly ruled by a princess. Princess as a courtesy title Descendants of monarchs For many centurie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mehmed II
Mehmed II (; , ; 30 March 14323 May 1481), commonly known as Mehmed the Conqueror (; ), was twice the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from August 1444 to September 1446 and then later from February 1451 to May 1481. In Mehmed II's first reign, he defeated the crusade led by John Hunyadi after the Hungarian incursions into his country broke the conditions of the truce per the Peace of Szeged, Treaties of Edirne and Szeged. When Mehmed II ascended the throne again in 1451, he strengthened the Ottoman Navy and made preparations to attack Constantinople. At the age of 21, he Fall of Constantinople, conquered Constantinople and brought an end to the Byzantine Empire. After the conquest, Mehmed claimed the title Caesar (title), caesar of Roman Empire, Rome (), based on the fact that Constantinople had been the seat and capital of the surviving Byzantine Empire, Eastern Roman Empire since its consecration in 330 AD by Constantine the Great, Emperor Constantine I. The claim was soon reco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People From Devrekani
The term "the people" refers to the public or common mass of people of a polity. As such it is a concept of human rights law, international law as well as constitutional law, particularly used for claims of popular sovereignty. In contrast, a people is any plurality of persons considered as a whole. Used in politics and law, the term "a people" refers to the collective or community of an ethnic group or nation. Concepts Legal Chapter One, Article One of the Charter of the United Nations states that "peoples" have the right to self-determination. Though the mere status as peoples and the right to self-determination, as for example in the case of Indigenous peoples (''peoples'', as in all groups of indigenous people, not merely all indigenous persons as in ''indigenous people''), does not automatically provide for independent sovereignty and therefore secession. Indeed, judge Ivor Jennings identified the inherent problems in the right of "peoples" to self-determination, as i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Princesses
Princess is a title used by a female member of a regnant monarch's family or by a female ruler of a principality. The male equivalent is a prince (from Latin '' princeps'', meaning principal citizen). Most often, the term has been used for the consort of a prince, or for the daughter of a monarch. A crown princess can be the heir apparent to the throne or the spouse of the heir apparent. Princess as a substantive title Some princesses are reigning monarchs of principalities. There have been fewer instances of reigning princesses than reigning princes, as most principalities excluded women from inheriting the throne. An example of a princess regnant is Constance of Antioch, princess regnant of Antioch in the 12th century. Since the president of France, an office for which women are eligible, is ''ex-officio'' a co-prince of Andorra, then Andorra could theoretically be jointly ruled by a princess. Princess as a courtesy title Descendants of monarchs For many centurie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
15th-century Consorts Of Ottoman Sultans
The 15th century was the century which spans the Julian calendar dates from 1 January 1401 (represented by the Roman numerals MCDI) to 31 December 1500 (MD). In Europe, the 15th century includes parts of the Late Middle Ages, the Early Renaissance, and the early modern period. Many technological, social and cultural developments of the 15th century can in retrospect be seen as heralding the " European miracle" of the following centuries. The architectural perspective, and the modern fields which are known today as banking and accounting were founded in Italy. The Hundred Years' War ended with a decisive French victory over the English in the Battle of Castillon. Financial troubles in England following the conflict resulted in the Wars of the Roses, a series of dynastic wars for the throne of England. The conflicts ended with the defeat of Richard III by Henry VII at the Battle of Bosworth Field, establishing the Tudor dynasty in the later part of the century. Constant ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anatolia Eyalet
The Eyalet of Anatolia () was one of the two core provinces (Rumelia being the other) in the early years of the Ottoman Empire. It was established in 1393. By Gábor Ágoston, Bruce Alan Masters Its capital was first Ankara in central Anatolia, but then moved to Kütahya in western Anatolia. Its reported area in the 19th century was . The establishment of the province of Anatolia is held to have been in 1393, when Sultan Bayezid I ( 1389–1402) appointed Kara Timurtash as ''beylerbey'' and viceroy was in Anatolia, during Bayezid's absence on campaign in Europe against Mircea I of Wallachia. The province of Anatolia—initially termed ''beylerbeylik'' or generically ''vilayet'' ("province"), only after 1591 was the term ''eyalet'' used—was the second to be formed after the Rumelia Eyalet, and ranked accordingly in the hierarchy of the provinces. The first capital of the province was Ankara, but in the late 15th century it was moved to Kütahya Kütahya (; historically, C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ishak Pasha
Ishak Pasha (, ; 1444 – died 30 January 1487) was an Ottoman general, statesman, and later Grand Vizier. Origin Turkish orientalist Halil Inalcik believed that the figure of Ishak Pasha stemmed from confusion among several Ottoman Ishak Pashas (particularly Ishak bin Abdullah and Ishak bin Ibrahim) and Ishak Bey. Theoharis Stavrides concluded that there are indications that the Grand Visier was Ishak bin Ibrahim, who was of Anatolian Turkish origin. According to German orientalist Franz Babinger (1891–1967) he probably was a convert of Orthodox Greek origin. Jean-Claude Faveyrial states that Ishak Pasha was Albanian. Career Сirca 1451, Ishak Pasha was appointed as the ''beylerbey'' (provincial governor) of Anatolia; the same year, the newly ascended Sultan Mehmed II forced him to marry Hatice Hatun, one of his father Sultan Murad II's widowed consorts. They had eight children, five sons named Halil Bey, Şadi Bey, Mustafa Çelebi, Piri Çelebi and Ibrahim Bey, and t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gazi Evrenos
Evrenos or Evrenuz (1288–1417, Yenice-i Vardar) was an Ottoman military commander. He served as a general under Süleyman Pasha, Murad I, Bayezid I, Süleyman Çelebi and Mehmed I. Legends stating that he lived for 129 years and had an incredibly long career are inaccurate. These sources of confusion may be linked to the deeds of his descendants becoming intertwined with his own achievements in historical retellings. He was also known as Gavrinos, and believed to descend from a Greek family. Biography Οriginally, Gazi Evrenos was a noble dignitary, a bey in the principality of Karasi, joining the Ottomans only after their conquest of the beylik in 1345. A Greek legend maintains that Evrenos' father was a certain Ornos, renegade Byzantine governor of Bursa (Prusa) who defected to the Ottomans, and then on to Karasi, after the Siege of Bursa, in 1326. Stanford J. Shaw states that Evrenos was originally a Byzantine Greek feudal prince in Anatolia who had entered Ottoma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ali Bey Evrenosoglu
Ali ibn Abi Talib (; ) was the fourth Rashidun caliph who ruled from until his assassination in 661, as well as the first Shia Imam. He was the cousin and son-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Born to Abu Talib ibn Abd al-Muttalib and Fatima bint Asad, Ali was raised by his elder cousin Muhammad and was among the first to accept his teachings. Ali played a pivotal role in the early years of Islam when Muslims were severely persecuted in Mecca. After immigration () to Medina in 622, Muhammad gave his daughter Fatima to Ali in marriage and swore a pact of brotherhood with him. Ali served as Muhammad's secretary and deputy in this period, and was the flag bearer of his army. Numerous sayings of Muhammad praise Ali, the most controversial of which was uttered in 632 at the Ghadir Khumm, "Whoever I am his , this Ali is his ." The interpretation of the polysemous Arabic word is disputed: For Shia Muslims, Muhammad thus invested Ali with his religious and political author ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hüma Hatun
Hüma Hatun (; 1410 – September 1449) was a concubinage in Islam, concubine of Ottoman Sultan Murad II and the mother of Mehmed the Conqueror, Mehmed II. Life Although, some Turkish sources claim that she was of Turkish people, Turkic origin, Hüma Hatun was a slave girl of European origin. Nothing is known of her family background, apart from the fact that an Ottoman inscription (vakfiye) describes her as ''Hātun binti Abdullah'' (daughter of Abdullah); at that time, people who converted to Islam were given the slave name ''Abdullah'' meaning ''Servant of God'', which is evidence of her non-Muslim origin. According to the tradition, she was of Italian and/or Jewish origin and her previous name may have been Stella or Esther. According to another view, she was of Greek or Slavic origin. Based on the fact that Mehmed II was fluent in the Serbian language, it was concluded that she may have been of south Slavic origin, most likely Serbian. Finally, it has also been claimed th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mara Branković
Mara Branković ( sr-Cyrl, Мара Бранковић; – 14 September 1487), or Mara Despina Hatun, in Europe also known as ''Amerissa'', ''Sultana Maria'' or ''Sultanina'', was the daughter of Despotate of Serbia, Serbian monarch Đurađ Branković and Eirene Kantakouzene. As the daughter of Despot Đurađ, wife of Sultan Murad II, and stepmother of Mehmed II the Conqueror, she came to play a significant role in the diplomatic negotiations of the Ottoman Empire. She became a leading member of the pro-Ottoman party in the Balkans and one of the most powerful women of the 15th century. Being a mother figure to Mehmed II, she was also his trusted advisor, acting as a diplomatic figure between the Ottoman court and European powers, which led ambassadors from Republic of Venice, Venice and Republic of Ragusa, Ragusa to frequently seek her counsel. Known as the "''mistress'' ''of the Christian noblewomen''," she promoted cooperation during periods of significant tension between Eu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Waqf
A (; , plural ), also called a (, plural or ), or ''mortmain'' property, is an Alienation (property law), inalienable charitable financial endowment, endowment under Sharia, Islamic law. It typically involves donating a building, plot of land or other assets for Muslim religious or charitable purposes with no intention of reclaiming the assets. A charitable trust may hold the donated assets. The person making such dedication is known as a ('donor') who uses a ''mutawalli'' ('trustee') to manage the property in exchange for a share of the revenues it generates. A waqf allows the state to provide social services in accordance with Islamic law while contributing to the preservation of cultural and historical sites. Although the system depended on several hadiths and presented elements similar to practices from pre-Islamic cultures, it seems that the specific full-fledged Islamic legal form of financial endowment, endowment called dates from the 9th century CE (see below ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
