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Hashomer Hatzair Members
Hashomer (, 'The Watchman') was a Jews, Jewish defense organization in Palestine (region), Palestine founded in April 1909. It was an outgrowth of the Bar-Giora (organization), Bar-Giora group and was disbanded after the founding of the Haganah in 1920. Hashomer was responsible for guarding Jewish settlements in the Yishuv, freeing Jewish communities from dependence upon foreign consulates and Arab watchmen for their security. It was headed by a committee of three: Israel Shochat, Israel Giladi and Mendel Portugali. History Hashomer was originated by socialist Zionism, Socialist Zionists, mostly members of Poale Zion, including Israel Shochat, Manya Shochat, Yitzhak Ben-Zvi and Ben-Zvi's wife Rachel Yanait, several of whom had earlier formed a small secret guard society called Bar-Giora, which guarded the Sejera commune (now Ilaniya) and Mes'ha (now Kfar Tavor). Bar-Giora was founded on September 29, 1907, by Israel Shochat, Alexander Zaïd, Yehezkel Henkin in the apartment ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mandatory Palestine
Mandatory Palestine was a British Empire, British geopolitical entity that existed between 1920 and 1948 in the Palestine (region), region of Palestine, and after 1922, under the terms of the League of Nations's Mandate for Palestine. After an Arab Revolt, Arab uprising against the Ottoman Empire during the First World War in 1916, British Empire, British Egyptian Expeditionary Force, forces drove Ottoman Empire, Ottoman forces out of the Levant. The United Kingdom had agreed in the McMahon–Hussein Correspondence that it would honour Arab independence in case of a revolt but, in the end, the United Kingdom and French Third Republic, France divided what had been Ottoman Syria under the Sykes–Picot Agreement—an act of betrayal in the eyes of the Arabs. Another issue was the Balfour Declaration of 1917, in which Britain promised its support for the establishment of a Homeland for the Jewish people, Jewish "national home" in Palestine. Mandatory Palestine was then establishe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexander Zaïd
Alexander Zaïd (; ; 1886 – 10 July 1938) was a prominent Russian Zionist. He was most known for co-founding several Jewish defense organizations, including Bar Giora and Hashomer. Biography Alexander Zaïd was born in 1886 in Zima, a town in Irkutsk Governorate, in Siberia. His father had been deported from Vilna to Siberia due to revolutionary activity and his mother was a Subbotnik. In 1889, the family moved to Irkutsk. In 1901 they returned to Vilna, where his father remarried. Two years later, the father died, too. The orphaned teenager met Michael Helpern, a First Aliyah pioneer sent to Vilna to promote immigration to Palestine. Zaid moved to Palestine in 1904, under the auspices of the Zionist Labour Movement. He worked at the winery in Rishon LeZion, where he met Israel Shochat, as a construction worker in Ben Shemen and a stonemason in Jerusalem. In 1907, he helped establish the first Jewish watchmen's organization, the clandestine " Bar-Giora". Two ye ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cossacks
The Cossacks are a predominantly East Slavic languages, East Slavic Eastern Christian people originating in the Pontic–Caspian steppe of eastern Ukraine and southern Russia. Cossacks played an important role in defending the southern borders of Ukraine and Russia, Cossack raids, countering the Crimean-Nogai slave raids in Eastern Europe, Crimean-Nogai raids, alongside economically developing steppes, steppe regions north of the Black Sea and around the Azov Sea. Historically, they were a semi-nomadic and semi-militarized people, who, while under the nominal suzerainty of various Eastern European states at the time, were allowed a great degree of self-governance in exchange for military service. Although numerous linguistic and religious groups came together to form the Cossacks, most of them coalesced and became East Slavic languages, East Slavic–speaking Eastern Orthodox Church, Orthodox Christians. The rulers of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and Russian Empire en ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Circassians In Israel
About 4,000–5,000 ethnic Circassians are citizens and residents of Israel. They live primarily in two towns: Kfar Kama (), and Rehaniya () The Circassians of Israel are a branch of the Circassian diaspora, which was formed as a consequence of the 19th-century Circassian genocide that was carried out by the Russian Empire during the Russo-Circassian War; Circassians are a Northwest Caucasian languages, Northwest Caucasian ethnic group and a nation; who natively speak the Circassian languages and originate from the historical country-region of Circassia in the North Caucasus. Most Israeli Circassians adhere largely to the Sunni Islam, Sunni branch of Islam. They are descended from two Circassian diaspora groups who were settled in the Galilee by the Ottoman Empire in the 1870s. Circassians are one of only two minority groups in Israel (alongside the Druze in Israel, Druze) from whom Conscription in Israel, conscripts are drawn for compulsory military service in the Israel De ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Druze
The Druze ( ; , ' or ', , '), who Endonym and exonym, call themselves al-Muwaḥḥidūn (), are an Arabs, Arab Eastern esotericism, esoteric Religious denomination, religious group from West Asia who adhere to the Druze faith, an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic, Monotheism, monotheistic, and Religious syncretism, syncretic religion whose main tenets assert the unity of God, reincarnation, and the eternity of the soul. Although the Druze faith developed from Isma'ilism, Druze do not identify as Muslims. They maintain Arabic language and Arabic culture, culture as integral parts of their identity, with Arabic being their primary language. Most Druze religious practices are kept secret, and conversion to their religion is not permitted for outsiders. Interfaith marriages are rare and strongly discouraged. They differentiate between spiritual individuals, known as "uqqāl", who hold the faith's secrets, and secular ones, known as "juhhāl", who focus on worldly matters. Druze be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bedouin
The Bedouin, Beduin, or Bedu ( ; , singular ) are pastorally nomadic Arab tribes who have historically inhabited the desert regions in the Arabian Peninsula, North Africa, the Levant, and Mesopotamia (Iraq). The Bedouin originated in the Syrian Desert and Arabian Desert but spread across the rest of the Arab world in West Asia and North Africa after the spread of Islam. The English word ''bedouin'' comes from the Arabic ''badawī'', which means "desert-dweller", and is traditionally contrasted with ''ḥāḍir'', the term for sedentary people. Bedouin territory stretches from the vast deserts of North Africa to the rocky ones of the Middle East. They are sometimes traditionally divided into tribes, or clans (known in Arabic as ''ʿašāʾir''; or ''qabāʾil'' ), and historically share a common culture of herding camels, sheep and goats. The vast majority of Bedouins adhere to Islam, although there are some fewer numbers of Christian Bedouins present in the Fertile Cres ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eliahu Krause
Eliyahu Krause (; 1876–1962) was a Jewish agronomist and activist. Biography Krause migrated from Russia to what was then Palestine in 1892. He was employed by the Jewish Colonization Association (JCA), creating an agricultural school near Izmir, Turkey. In 1915, he became the Mikveh Israel Agricultural School's director, holding that position until 1954. Sejera At Krause's farm belonging to the JCA, haverim worked under his direction, at a yearly deficit. Manya Shochat managed to establish a collective at Sejera (or Sedjera) thanks to Krause's permission, under the assumption they would revert such a situation. Under this arrangement, the farm's first 3 women workers were admitted. Under the terms of the agreement, Krause would turn over to Shochat the field and dairy work, while the owners gave the lessees the livestock, inventory and seed; in return they would turn over a fifth of the harvest to him. The purpose of the farm was to train Jewish farmers in self-sufficiency. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yehoshua Hankin
Yehoshua Hankin (, 1864 – 11 November 1945) was a Zionism, Zionist activist who was responsible for most of the major land purchases of the World Zionist Organization, Zionist Organization in Ottoman Empire, Ottoman Palestine (region), Palestine and Mandatory Palestine – in particular for the Sursock Purchase. Biography Yehoshua Hankin was born in Kremenchuk, Russian Empire, and moved to Rishon LeZion with his parents in 1882. In 1887, his family moved to Gedera. In 1888, Hankin married :HE:אולגה חנקין, Olga Belkind (1852–1943) in Gedera. She was a woman twelve years his senior, who would become his partner in all his endeavors. Givat Olga, a neighborhood of Hadera, is named after her. Their marriage remained childless. Hankin died in Tel Aviv and was buried in the Galilee next to his wife Olga, at the house ("Bet Hankin") he had built for them at Well of Harod, Ein Harod on Mount Gilboa. Land purchases While living in Gedera, Hankin became friendly with local A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marie Syrkin
Marie Syrkin (March 23, 1899 – February 2, 1989) was an American writer, translator, educator, and Zionist activist.Fowler, Glenn (February 3, 1989).Marie Syrkin, 89; Author and Teacher Promoted Zionism" ''New York Times''. Biography Born in Bern, Switzerland, she was the daughter of the Socialist Zionist theoretician Nachman Syrkin and his wife Bassya Syrkin (née Osnos), a feminist socialist Zionist. After stays in Germany and France, and the city of Vilna, in the Russian Empire (today, Vilnius, Lithuania), the family immigrated to the United States in 1908, settling in New York City, where Marie attended public school. Syrkin's mother died of tuberculosis, at the age of 36, in 1914. The day Syrkin turned 18 she eloped with the 22-year-old Zionist activist Maurice Samuel just before he was posted to serve the US Armed forces in Europe. however, Her father intervened and had the marriage annulled claiming she was underage. He did permit them to be engaged and the couple mai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rachel Yanait Ben-Zvi
Rachel Yanait Ben-Zvi (; May 1886 – 16 November 1979) was an Israeli author and educator, and a leading Labor Zionism, Labor Zionist. Ben-Zvi was the wife of the second President of Israel, Yitzhak Ben-Zvi. Biography Rachel Yanait was born Golda Lishansky in the town of Malyn, Radomyslsky Uyezd of the Kiev Governorate of the Russian Empire (now Ukraine). As a teenager in Kiev she joined the newly formed underground Marxist/Zionism, Zionist party, Poale Zion. She supported herself while studying by teaching Hebrew. In 1904 she was amongst a group of 16 young people arrested after a clandestine meeting. She was held for several months in Lukyanivska Prison for being a Jew in Kiev without a permit. The following year, while studying agriculture in France, she was chosen as the Poale Zion delegate from Malyn to the Zionist Congress, Seventh Zionist Congress in Basel. After the Congress she accompanied Ber Borochov on a visit to the leader of the German Zionist Organisation in Berlin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hadera
Hadera (, ) is a city located in the Haifa District of Israel, in the northern Sharon plain, Sharon region, approximately 45 kilometers (28 miles) from the major cities of Tel Aviv and Haifa. The city is located along 7 km (5 mi) of the Israeli coastal plain. The city's population includes a notable community of 1990s post-Soviet aliyah, post-Soviet and Aliyah from Ethiopia, Ethiopian aliyah arrivals. In it had a population of . Hadera was established in 1891 as a farming colony by members of the Zionist group, Hovevei Zion, from Lithuania and Latvia. By 1948, it was a regional center with a population of 11,800. In 1952, Hadera was declared a city, with jurisdiction over an area of 53,000 dunams. History Ottoman era Hadera was founded on 24 January 1891, in the early days of modern Zionism by Jewish immigrants from Lithuania and Latvia on land purchased by Yehoshua Hankin, known as the Redeemer of the Valley. The land was purchased from a Christian effendi, Sel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Galilee
Galilee (; ; ; ) is a region located in northern Israel and southern Lebanon consisting of two parts: the Upper Galilee (, ; , ) and the Lower Galilee (, ; , ). ''Galilee'' encompasses the area north of the Mount Carmel-Mount Gilboa ridge and south of the east-west section of the Litani River. It extends from the Israeli coastal plain and the shores of the Mediterranean Sea with Acre, Israel, Acre in the west, to the Jordan Valley to the east; and from the Litani in the north plus a piece bordering on the Golan Heights to Dan (ancient city), Dan at the base of Mount Hermon in the northeast, to Mount Carmel and Mount Gilboa in the south. It includes the plains of the Jezreel Valley north of Jenin and the Beit She'an Valley, the Sea of Galilee, and the Hula Valley. Etymology The region's Hebrew name is , meaning 'district' or 'circle'. The Hebrew form used in Isaiah 9, Isaiah 8:23 (Isaiah 9:1 in the Christian Old Testament) is in the construct state, leading to "Galilee of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
