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Harka (Maghreb)
''Harka'' (Maghrebi Arabic: ) in Maghrebi history refers to a military campaign with military, political, or financial (tax-collecting) goals, often a punitive expedition against insurgents. In the history of Morocco, ''harka'' refers to military campaigns carried out by the sultans of Morocco or other high-ranking officials, such as ''qaids'', with the goal of collecting taxes or pacifying or suppressing revolting regions or tribes (as in Bled es-Siba). Walter Burton Harris Walter Burton Harris (29 August 1866 – 4 April 1933) was a journalist, writer, traveller and socialite who achieved fame for his writings on Morocco, where he worked for many years as special correspondent for ''The Times''. He settled in the c ... described a ''harka'' in the time of Sultan Abdelaziz in '' Morocco That Was'', although he confused it with the word ''harqa'' () related to burning. See also * * References *Afif, "Les harka hassaniennes d'aprés l'oeuvre d'A Ibn Zaydan" (1980– ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maghrebi Arabic
Maghrebi Arabic, often known as ''ad-Dārija'' to differentiate it from Literary Arabic, is a vernacular Arabic dialect continuum spoken in the Maghreb. It includes the Moroccan, Algerian, Tunisian, Libyan, Hassaniya and Saharan Arabic dialects. Maghrebi Arabic has a predominantly Semitic and Arabic vocabulary, although it contains a significant number of Berber loanwords, which represent 2–3% of the vocabulary of Libyan Arabic, 8–9% of Algerian and Tunisian Arabic, and 10–15% of Moroccan Arabic. Maghrebi Arabic was formerly spoken in Al-Andalus and Sicily until the 17th and 13th centuries, respectively, in the extinct forms of Andalusi Arabic and Siculo-Arabic. The Maltese language is believed to have its source in a language spoken in Muslim Sicily that ultimately originates from Tunisia, as it contains some typical Maghrebi Arabic areal characteristics. Proto-Maghrebi Arabic Phonology The common ancestor of Maghrebi Arabic had the same phonology as Modern Stan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maghreb
The Maghreb (; ), also known as the Arab Maghreb () and Northwest Africa, is the western part of the Arab world. The region comprises western and central North Africa, including Algeria, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, and Tunisia. The Maghreb also includes the territorial dispute, disputed territory of Western Sahara. As of 2018, the region had a population of over 100 million people. The Maghreb is usually defined as encompassing much of the northern part of Africa, including a large portion of the Sahara Desert, but excluding Egypt and the Sudan, which are considered to be located in the Mashriq — the eastern part of the Arab world. The traditional definition of the Maghreb — which restricted its scope to the Atlas Mountains and the coastal plains of Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia and Libya — was expanded in modern times to include Mauritania and the disputed territory of Western Sahara. During the era of al-Andalus on the Iberian Peninsula (711–1492), the Maghreb's inhabita ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Rulers Of Morocco
This is a list of rulers of Morocco since 789. The common and formal titles of these rulers has varied, depending on the time period. Since 1957, the designation King has been used. The present King of Morocco is Mohammed VI of the Alawi dynasty, since 23 July 1999. Idrisid dynasty (788–974) Almoravid dynasty (1040–1147) Almohad dynasty (1121–1269) Marinid dynasty (1195–1465) Idrisid interlude (1465–1471) * Muhammad ibn Ali Idrisi-Joutey (1465–1471) Wattasid dynasty (1472–1554) Saadi dynasty (1544–1659) Dila'i interlude (1659–1663) * Muhammad al-Hajj ad-Dila'i (1659–1663) Alawi dynasty (1631–present) 1631–1957: Sultans of Morocco 1957–present: Kings of Morocco Timeline Royal standard File:Royal standard of Morocco.svg, Royal standard of Morocco See also * Succession to the Moroccan throne * History of Morocco * Politics of Morocco References {{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Rulers Of Morocco Rulers Rulers Rulers Morocc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qaid
Qaid ( ', "commander"; pl. ', or '), also spelled kaid or caïd, is a word meaning "commander" or "leader." It was a title in the Normans, Norman kingdom of Sicily, applied to palatine officials and members of the ''curia'', usually to those who were Muslims or converts to Islam. The word entered the Latin language as ''gaitus'' or ''gaytus''. Later the word was used in North Africa for the governor of a fortress or the warden of a prison, also in Spain and Portugal in the form with the definite article "alcayde" or "alcaide". It is also used as a male Arabic given name. Notable qaids *Jawhar (general), Al-Qaid Jawhar (active 950–992), A Saqaliba, Slavic general who conquered the Maghreb and Egypt for the Fatimid Caliphate. *Al-Qa'id al-Bata'ihi, chief of staff and successor of al-Afdal Shahanshah as vizier of the Fatimid Caliphate. *Thomas Brun (active 1137–1154), Englishman who served Roger II of Sicily. *Ahmed es-Sikeli, known as Caid Peter (active 1160s), eunuch in t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bled Es-Siba
''Bled es-Siba'' or ''Bled Siba'' (), is a historical term in pre-colonial Moroccan history that refers to a lawless area that was out of the control of the Moroccan Sultans. Etymology ''Bled es-Siba'' literally means "region of anarchy", as opposed to ''Bled el-Makhzen'', which refers to the region under the control of the Makhzen governing institution. Siba itself is an Arabic word that is used to refer “to a camel set aside from the herd, left to fend for itself, as a form of sacrifice.” Historical background Morocco has been ruled by the Alaouite dynasty The Alawi dynasty () – also rendered in English as Alaouite, Alawid, or Alawite – is the current Moroccan royal family and reigning dynasty. They are an Arab Sharifian dynasty and claim descent from the Islamic prophet Muhammad through his ... since the 17th century. Many Berber tribes were however, not submissive to the Sultan, which led to two different regions: Bled es-Siba and Bled el-Makhzen. Makhzen a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Walter Burton Harris
Walter Burton Harris (29 August 1866 – 4 April 1933) was a journalist, writer, traveller and socialite who achieved fame for his writings on Morocco, where he worked for many years as special correspondent for ''The Times''. He settled in the country at the age of 19, eventually building himself a fine villa in Tangier where he lived for much of his life. His linguistic skills and physical appearance enabled him to pose successfully as a native Moroccan, travelling to parts of the country regarded as off-limits to foreigners. He wrote a number of well-regarded books and articles on his travels in Morocco and other countries in the Near and Far East. Harris also played a significant, though not always constructive, role in the European diplomatic intrigues that affected Morocco around the turn of the 20th century. Early career and travels Harris was born in London as the second son of a prosperous shipping and insurance broker, Frederick W. Harris. His siblings included Sir Austi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abdelaziz Of Morocco
''Moulay'' Abd al-Aziz bin Hassan (), born on 24 February 1881 in Marrakesh and died on 10 June 1943 in Tangier, was a sultan of Morocco from 9 June 1894 to 21 August 1908, as a ruler of the 'Alawi dynasty. He was proclaimed sultan at the age of sixteen after the death of his father Hassan I. Moulay Abdelaziz tried to strengthen the central government by implementing a new tax on agriculture and livestock, a measure which was strongly opposed by sections of the society. This in turn led Abdelaziz to mortgage the customs revenues and to borrow heavily from the French, which was met with widespread revolt and a revolution that deposed him in 1908 in favor of his brother Abd al-Hafid. Reign Early reign Shortly before his death in 1894 Hassan I designed Mawlay Adb al-Aziz his heir, despite his young age, because his mother, Lalla Ruqaya Al Amrani was his favorite wife. (His mother is often confused to be Aisha, the favorite slave concubine of Georgian origins who was bought in Is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Morocco That Was
Walter Burton Harris (29 August 1866 – 4 April 1933) was a journalist, writer, traveller and socialite who achieved fame for his writings on Morocco, where he worked for many years as special correspondent for ''The Times''. He settled in the country at the age of 19, eventually building himself a fine villa in Tangier where he lived for much of his life. His linguistic skills and physical appearance enabled him to pose successfully as a native Moroccan, travelling to parts of the country regarded as off-limits to foreigners. He wrote a number of well-regarded books and articles on his travels in Morocco and other countries in the Near and Far East. Harris also played a significant, though not always constructive, role in the European diplomatic intrigues that affected Morocco around the turn of the 20th century. Early career and travels Harris was born in London as the second son of a prosperous shipping and insurance broker, Frederick W. Harris. His siblings included Sir Austi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military Terminology
Military terminology refers to the terminology, terms and language of military organizations, military personnel, personnel, and military doctrine. Much like other forms of corporate jargon, military terminology is distinguishable from colloquial language by its use of new or repurposed words and phrases typically only understandable by current and former members of the military or associated companies and agencies. Common understanding The operational pressure for uniform understanding has developed since the early 20th century with the importance of Joint warfare, joint operations between different services (army, navy, air force) of the same country. International alliances and operations, including peacekeeping, have added additional complexity. For example, the NATO alliance now maintains a large dictionary of common terms for use by member countries. Development work is also taking place between NATO and Russia on common terminology for extended air defence, in English, Fre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military History Of Algeria
The military history of Algeria covers a vast time period and complex events. It interacts with multiple military events in the region for independence and stability. Independence from Carthage The Punic Wars were a series of wars fought between the Roman Republic and the city-state of Ancient Carthage, Carthage. During these wars the Algerians took the opportunity to become independent of Carthage, and Algerian kingdoms were established. Roman Africa Al-Andalus Horses, but few chariots which were largely obsolete, gave scouts, raiders, and rare armored riders an advantage in speed, momentum behind each forward blow during a charge, and height to reach over the shields of opposing infantry. One helpful aspect of chariots was that after a very successful raid that found much plunder but not much resistance or pursuit, a raiding party could fill the basket of the chariot and haul plunder with it. Alternatively, a good archer could stockpile bundles of pre-positioned quivers f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military History Of Morocco
The military history of Morocco covers a vast time period and complex events. It interacts with multiple military events in a vast area containing North Africa and the Iberian Peninsula. The Roman conquests Just after defeating the Phoenicians and destructing the city of Carthage in nowadays Tunisia during the Punic Wars, the Roman armies took possession of Mauretania and divided it into two provinces. In the west, Mauritania Tingitana was developed by the creation of roads, agricultural innovations and trade expansions. In the mountainous areas, the Berber tribes resisted to the Roman invasions. The Roman influence will be preserved in the south until 285 AD. As of the end of 4th century AD, under the reign of the Roman emperor Diocletian, the Romans maintained nothing but one thin presence on the coast, around Tangier. They remained in the north until 429 AD; date of the passage of the Vandals in this part of Mauretania Tingitana. In 533 AD, the Byzantine fleets and then the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military History Of Tunisia
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Tunisia: Tunisia – northernmost country in Africa situated on the southern coast of the Mediterranean Sea. Tunisia is the smallest of the nations situated along the Atlas Mountains. The south of the country is composed of the Sahara desert, with much of the remainder consisting of particularly fertile soil and of coastline. In ancient times, Tunisia was the home of the famous Phoenician city of Carthage. General reference * Pronunciation: , ; , Berber: Tunes) * Common English country name: Tunisia * Official English country name: The Tunisian Republic * Adjectival(s): Tunisian * Etymology: Name of Tunisia * International rankings of Tunisia * ISO country codes: TN, TUN, 788 * ISO region codes: See ISO 3166-2:TN * Internet country code top-level domain: .tn Geography of Tunisia Geography of Tunisia * Tunisia is: a country * Location ** Tunisia is situated within the following ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
