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Hardknott Pass
Hardknott Pass is a hill pass between Eskdale and the Duddon Valley in the Lake District National Park, Cumbria, England. The tarmac-surfaced road, which is the most direct route from the central Lake District to West Cumbria, shares the title of steepest road in England with Rosedale Chimney Bank in North Yorkshire. It has a maximum gradient of 1 in 3 (about 33%). The pass takes its name from the nearby Hard Knott fell, whose name is derived from the Old Norse ''harthr'' (hard) and ''knutr'' (craggy hill). Geography A single track road runs between Eskdale in the west to the edge of the neighbouring Wrynose Pass in the east. On the western side is Harter Fell and the remains of Hardknott Roman Fort ( above sea level). The Hardknott Pass stands at a maximum elevation of . The road descends steeply at a gradient of 30% (1 in 3) into the Duddon Valley. At the eastern end of the pass is Cockley Beck farm, built in the 1860s and owned by the National Trust. The route f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hardknott Roman Fort
Hardknott Roman Fort is an archeological site, the remains of the Roman fort ''Mediobogdum'', located on the western side of the challenging Hardknott Pass in the English Lake District. The fort was built between 120 and 138 on a rocky spur, and was initially garrisoned by a detachment of the '' Cohors IV Delmatarum'' from the Dalmatian coast (in modern Croatia). It was abandoned around a decade later, then reoccupied circa 200 and remained in use for much of the next two centuries. The fort is on land owned by the National Trust, part of the Trust's Wasdale, Eskdale and Duddon property, and is maintained by English Heritage. It is in the civil parish of Eskdale, the unitary authority area of Cumberland, and the ceremonial county of Cumbria. Location and name The fort was built on a rocky spur giving a superb view over the River Esk in both upper and lower Eskdale, and protecting Hardknott Pass. At an altitude of 800 feet, it isn't the highest fort in the Roman provi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wrynose Pass
The Wrynose Pass is a mountain pass in the Lake District National Park in Cumbria, England between the Duddon Valley and Little Langdale. Etymology The unusual name of the pass is taken from that of the adjacent Wrynose hill, also called Wrynose Fell. The name was recorded in 12th-century documents as "Wrenhalse" and in the 16th century as "Wrenosse Hill". It is thought, based on a suggestion by Eilert Ekwall, to mean "stallion's ridge", being formed on the Old Norse words ''(v)reini'' ("stallion", probably here used as a byname for an individual), and ''hala''.Mills, ''The place-names of Lancashire'', Batsford, 1976, p.153 It is one of a number of place names of Scandinavian origin in the area. Although most academic sources characterise "Vreini" in this context as a personal name, it has also been explained as suggesting "the horse power needed to climb it".Cooper, ''The Tarns of Lakeland'', Warne, 1960, p. 201 Other suggested origins are from Old Norse ''ravn hals'', "p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kendal
Kendal, once Kirkby in Kendal or Kirkby Kendal, is a market town and civil parish in the unitary authority of Westmorland and Furness, England. It lies within the River Kent's dale, from which its name is derived, just outside the boundary of the Lake District National Park. In the Domesday Book of 1086, the area was collected under Yorkshire. The area came under the Honour of Lancaster before the barony split. The town became the Barony of Kendal's seat, in 1226/7 this barony merged with the Barony of Westmorland to form the historic county of Westmorland with Appleby-in-Westmorland, Appleby as the historic county town.F.A. Youngs, ''Guide to the Local Administrative units of England, Vol.II, Northern England'', London, 1991 In 1889, Kendal became the county town. Under the 1974 reforms, it became the administrative centre of the South Lakeland district. The town became Westmorland and Furness district's administrative centre in a 2023 reform. It is south-east of Windermere, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ravenglass
Ravenglass is an English coastal village in west Cumbria that lies between Barrow-in-Furness and Whitehaven, on the estuary of three rivers: the Esk, Mite and Irt. It is the only coastal village in the Lake District National Park. Formerly in the historical county of Cumberland, it is now part of the civil parish of Muncaster, the unitary authority of Cumberland, and the ceremonial county of Cumbria. History The village dates back to at least the 2nd century, when it was an important naval base for the Romans. The Latin name of the settlement was long thought to be '' Glannoventa''. The discovery of a lead seal in excavations at the Roman fort during the 1970s named the ''Cohors Prima Aelia Classica'' (First Cohort of Hadrian's Marines). This unit is listed in the ''Notitia Dignitatum'' as being garrisoned at ''Itunocelum'' during the fourth century. Due to this it was suggested that Ravenglass was not ''Glannoventa'' but actually the ''Itunocelum.'' Since the lead se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ravenglass Roman Bath House
Ravenglass Roman Bath House (also known as Walls Castle) is a ruined ancient Roman bath house at Ravenglass, Cumbria, England. Belonging to a 2nd-century Roman fort and naval base (known to the Romans as ''Itunocelum''), the bath house is described by Matthew Hyde in his update to the Pevsner Guide to Cumbria as "an astonishing survival". The still standing walls are 13 ft (4 m) high, there are patches of the internal rendering, in dull red and white cement, and traces of the splayed window openings remain. The remaining fragment appears to be the west end of a building which was about 40 ft/12 metres wide and about 90 ft/27 metres long (see plan). It consisted of a suite of rooms arranged in a double sequence along the building. The entrance and changing area (''apodyterium'') contains niches, perhaps originally for statues. The use of the other rooms is not known, but there would have been a range of warm rooms, a hot bath and a cold plunge. The north and sou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roman Britain
Roman Britain was the territory that became the Roman province of ''Britannia'' after the Roman conquest of Britain, consisting of a large part of the island of Great Britain. The occupation lasted from AD 43 to AD 410. Julius Caesar invaded Britain in 55 and 54 BC as part of his Gallic Wars. According to Caesar, the Britons had been overrun or culturally assimilated by the Belgae during the British Iron Age and had been aiding Caesar's enemies. The Belgae were the only Celtic tribe to cross the sea into Britain, for to all other Celtic tribes this land was unknown. He received tribute, installed the friendly king Mandubracius over the Trinovantes, and returned to Gaul. Planned invasions under Augustus were called off in 34, 27, and 25 BC. In 40 AD, Caligula assembled 200,000 men at the Channel on the continent, only to have them gather seashells () according to Suetonius, perhaps as a symbolic gesture to proclaim Caligula's victory over th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eurosport
Eurosport is a group of pay television networks in Europe and parts of Asia, owned and operated by Warner Bros. Discovery through its WBD Sports unit, it operates two main channels—Eurosport 1 and Eurosport 2—across most of its territories, and streams on Max (streaming service), Max and Discovery+. Originally a joint venture between the European Broadcasting Union and Sky Television (1984–1990), Sky established in 1989, it was briefly shut down in 1991 following complaints by competitor Screensport. It was subsequently acquired by TF1 Group, and later merged with Screensport. For a period, it was a joint venture between TF1, Canal+ Group, and Havas Images. TF1 Group later bought out the other owners' shares. In 2012, Discovery, Inc., Discovery Communications began to take an ownership in Eurosport, eventually leading to a full buyout in 2015. Eurosport is the main rights holder of the Olympic Games in most of Europe, as well as, with some exceptions, the tennis Grand S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fred Whitton Challenge
The Fred Whitton Challenge is a charity cyclosportive event held annually in the English Lake District, in aid of Macmillan Cancer Support, Cumbria's air ambulances, the mountain rescue service and various youth cycling projects. It is held in memory of Fred Whitton, racing secretary of the Lakes Road Club, who died of cancer at the age of 50 in 1998. The event started in 1999 and has been held every year since, except for 2001 and 2020 when it was cancelled due to the foot-and-mouth epidemic and the international COVID-19 pandemic respectively. The event has raised over £2,000,000 (two million pounds) and is Macmillan's biggest fundraiser in Cumbria. Starting and finishing in Grasmere, the route is long, with elevation gain. 2,500 riders take part in the challenge. The route heads for Ambleside, before crossing Kirkstone Pass. It descends through Glenridding, on the shore of Ullswater, before heading for Keswick. It then crosses Honister Pass, before reaching Buttermere ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giro D'Italia
The Giro d'Italia (; ), also known simply as the Giro, is an annual stage race, multiple-stage bicycle racing, bicycle race primarily held in Italy, while also starting in, or passing through, other countries. The first race was organized in 1909 Giro d'Italia, 1909 to increase sales of the newspaper ''La Gazzetta dello Sport'', and the race is still run by RCS Sport, a subsidiary of that paper's owner. The race has been held annually since its first edition in 1909, except during the two World War, world wars. As the Giro gained prominence and popularity, the race was lengthened, and the peloton expanded from primarily Italian participation to riders from all over the world. The Giro is a UCI World Tour event, which means that the teams that compete in the race are mostly UCI WorldTeams, with some additional teams invited as 'wild cards'. The Giro is one of professional cycling's three-week-long Grand Tour (cycling), Grand Tours, and after the Tour de France is the second most ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tour De France
The Tour de France () is an annual men's multiple-stage cycle sport, bicycle race held primarily in France. It is the oldest and most prestigious of the three Grand Tour (cycling), Grand Tours, which include the Giro d'Italia and the Vuelta a España. The race was first organized in 1903 Tour de France, 1903 to increase sales for the newspaper ''L'Auto'' (which was an ancestor of ''L'Équipe'') and has been held annually since, except when it was not held from 1915 to 1918 and 1940 to 1946 due to the two World war, World Wars. As the Tour gained prominence and popularity, the race was lengthened and gained more international participation. The Tour is a UCI World Tour event, which means that the teams that compete in the race are mostly UCI WorldTeams, with the exception of the teams that the organizers invite. Traditionally, the bulk of the race is held in July. While the route changes each year, the format of the race stays the same and includes time trials, passage through ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Highway Code
''The Highway Code'' is the official set of information and guidance for road users in the United Kingdom. Its objective is to promote the safe and efficient use of the road network. The Code applies to all road users, including pedestrians, horse riders and cyclists, as well as motorcyclists and other drivers. It gives information on traffic signs, traffic signals, road markings and legal requirements for different road users, and has annexes on vehicle maintenance, licence requirements, documentation, penalties, and vehicle security. Though ''The Highway Code'' itself is not legally binding, many of its rules directly reflect the law, and a failure to observe any of its provisions may be used as evidence in legal proceedings (especially to establish liability in relation to offences such as careless and dangerous driving). ''The Highway Code'' was first published in 1931, and is regularly updated. It is prepared by the Department ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hairpin Bend
A hairpin or hair pin is a long device used to hold a person's hair in place. It may be used simply to secure long hair out of the way for convenience or as part of an elaborate hairstyle or coiffure. The earliest evidence for dressing the hair may be seen in carved " Venus figurines" such as the Venus of Brassempouy and the Venus of Willendorf. The creation of different hairstyles, especially among women, seems to be common to all cultures and all periods and many past, and current, societies use hairpins. Hairpins made of metal, ivory, bronze, carved wood, etc. were used in ancient Egypt. for securing decorated hairstyles. Such hairpins suggest, as graves show, that many were luxury objects among the Egyptians and later the Greeks, Etruscans, and Romans. Major success came in 1901 with the invention of the spiral hairpin by New Zealand inventor Ernest Godward. This was a predecessor of the hair clip. The hairpin may be decorative and encrusted with jewels and ornaments ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
