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Haplogynae
The Haplogynae or haplogynes are one of the two main groups into which araneomorph spiders have traditionally been divided, the other being the Entelegynae. Morphological phylogenetic studies suggested that the Haplogynae formed a clade; more recent molecular phylogenetic studies refute this, although many of the ecribellate haplogynes do appear to form a clade, Synspermiata. Unlike the Entelegynae, haplogynes lack hardened (sclerotized) female genitalia (epigynes). Most of the species within this group have six eyes, as opposed to most other spiders. Spiders in the genus ''Tetrablemma'' (Tetrablemmidae) have only four eyes, as do some members of the family Caponiidae; caponiids may even have only two eyes. However, spiders in the family Plectreuridae have the normal eight eyes. Phylogeny The Haplogynae are one of the two major groups into which araneomorph spiders were traditionally divided, the other being the Entelegynae. In 2005, Coddington summarized the relationships ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pholcus
''Pholcus'' is a genus of spiders in the family Pholcidae, with 361 described species as of October 2021. It includes the cellar spider '' P. phalangioides'', often called the "daddy longlegs". This may cause confusion because the name "daddy longlegs" is also applied to two other unrelated arthropods: the harvestman and the crane fly. Description ''Pholcus'', like Pholcidae in general, have extremely long and thin legs. The genus can be distinguished from other pholcid genera by its large size (body length >4 mm), eight eyes, evenly domed prosoma (lacking a median furrow or pit) and cylindrical opisthosoma (longer than it is high). Habitat In the wild, ''Pholcus'' live in environments such as caves, under rocks, forest shrubs and deep limestone cracks. Synanthropic species such as ''P. phalangioides'' live in and around buildings and other disturbed habitats. Species * '' Pholcus abstrusus'' Yao & Li, 2012 — China * '' Pholcus acutulus'' Paik, 1978 — Korea * '' Pholc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monophyly
In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic groups are typically characterised by shared derived characteristics (synapomorphies), which distinguish organisms in the clade from other organisms. An equivalent term is holophyly. The word "mono-phyly" means "one-tribe" in Greek. Monophyly is contrasted with paraphyly and polyphyly as shown in the second diagram. A ''paraphyletic group'' consists of all of the descendants of a common ancestor minus one or more monophyletic groups. A '' polyphyletic group'' is characterized by convergent features or habits of scientific interest (for example, night-active primates, fruit trees, aquatic insects). The features by which a polyphyletic group is differentiated from others are not inherited from a common ancestor. These definitions have take ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dysderidae
Dysderidae, also known as woodlouse hunters, sowbug-eating spiders, and cell spiders, is a family of araneomorph spiders first described by Carl Ludwig Koch in 1837. They are found primarily in Eurasia, extending into North Africa with very few species occurring in South America. '' Dysdera crocata'' is introduced into many regions of the world. Dysderids have six eyes, and are haplogyne, i.e. the females lack a sclerotized epigyne. There is a substantial number of genera, but two of them, ''Dysdera'' and ''Harpactea'', account for a very large number of the species and are widespread across the family's range. One species, ''Dysdera crocata'' (the woodlouse hunter), has been transported over much of the planet together with its preferred foods— woodlice. ''Dysdera'' also feeds on beetles. These spiders have very large chelicerae, which they use to pierce the armored bodies of woodlice and beetles. There are also some reports that they have a mildly toxic venom that ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Drymusidae
Drymusidae is a family of araneomorph spiders first described by Eugène Simon in 1893, and elevated to family status by Pekka T. Lehtinen in 1986. Genera , the World Spider Catalog The World Spider Catalog (WSC) is an online searchable database concerned with spider taxonomy. It aims to list all accepted families, genera and species, as well as provide access to the related taxonomic literature. The WSC began as a series of ... accepts the following genera: *'' Drymusa'' Simon, 1892 — Caribbean, Costa Rica, South America *'' Izithunzi'' Labarque, Pérez-González & Griswold, 2018 — South Africa References Araneomorphae families {{araneomorphae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diguetidae
Coneweb spiders (Diguetidae) are six-eyed haplogyne spiders that live in tangled space webs, fashioning a cone-like central retreat where they hide and lay eggs. It is a small family, containing only two genera with fifteen species and is confined to the New World, preferring deserts. Members of the genus '' Diguetia'' usually build their webs in shrubs or between cactus pads. They have the same eye arrangement as the venomous recluse spiders (family ''Sicariidae''), but none are known to be harmful to humans. Taxonomy The group was first created by F. O. Pickard-Cambridge in 1899 as the subfamily Diguetiinae of the family Scytodidae. It was raised to the rank of family by Willis J. Gertsch using the spelling "Diguetidae". Pickard-Cambridge's use of double "i" is correct according to Article 29.3 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, since the name is based on the genus ''Diguetia''. In 2004, Jörg Wonderlich suggested reducing it again to a subfamily, this time ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palpimanoidea
The Palpimanoidea or palpimanoids, also known as assassin spiders, are a group of araneomorph spiders, originally treated as a superfamily. As with many such groups, its circumscription has varied. , the following five families were included: * Archaeidae * Huttoniidae * Mecysmaucheniidae * Palpimanidae * Stenochilidae Many palpimanoids specialize in preying on other spiders, hence the name "assassin spiders". They have various adaptations for catching prey, including enlarged spade-like front legs, and heads raised up on a "neck" with long chelicerae ("jaws"). Fossils suggest that the group was once widespread, but most species are now found in the Southern Hemisphere. Morphological studies support the monophyly of the group, although molecular studies have produced different results. Description Many palpimanoids, particularly members of the families Archaeidae, Huttoniidae and Stenochilidae, specialize in preying on other spiders, hence the description "assassin spiders". T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thaida
''Thaida'' is a genus of South American cribellate araneomorph spiders in the family Austrochilidae, first described by Ferdinand Karsch in 1880. it contains only two species in Chile and Argentina Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in the southern half of South America. Argentina covers an area of , making it the second-largest country in South America after Brazil, t .... References Araneomorphae genera Austrochilidae Spiders of South America Taxa named by Ferdinand Karsch {{Austrochilidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Austrochilus
''Austrochilus'' is a genus of South American cribellate araneomorph spiders in the family Austrochilidae, first described by H. Zapfe in 1955. Species it contains seven species in Chile and Argentina: *'' Austrochilus forsteri'' Grismado, Lopardo & Platnick, 2003 – Chile *'' Austrochilus franckei'' Platnick, 1987 – Chile, Argentina *'' Austrochilus manni'' Gertsch & Zapfe, 1955 (type Type may refer to: Science and technology Computing * Typing, producing text via a keyboard, typewriter, etc. * Data type, collection of values used for computations. * File type * TYPE (DOS command), a command to display contents of a file. * Ty ...) – Chile *'' Austrochilus melon'' Platnick, 1987 – Chile *'' Austrochilus newtoni'' Platnick, 1987 – Chile *'' Austrochilus parwis'' Michalik & Wunderlich, 2017 – Chile *'' Austrochilus schlingeri'' Platnick, 1987 – Chile References Araneomorphae genera Austrochilidae Spiders of South America {{Austrochilidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leptoneta
''Leptoneta'' is a genus of leptonetids that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1872. Species it contains sixty-five species and three subspecies: *'' L. abeillei'' Simon, 1882 – Spain, France *'' L. alpica'' Simon, 1882 – France *'' L. anocellata'' Chen, Zhang & Song, 1986 – China *'' L. arquata'' Song & Kim, 1991 – China *'' L. berlandi'' Machado & Ribera, 1986 – Portugal *'' L. cavalairensis'' Dresco, 1987 – France *'' L. changlini'' Zhu & Tso, 2002 – Taiwan *'' L. ciaisensis'' Dresco, 1987 – France *'' L. comasi'' Ribera, 1978 – Spain *'' L. condei'' Dresco, 1987 – France *'' L. conimbricensis'' Machado & Ribera, 1986 – Portugal *'' L. convexa'' Simon, 1872 (type) – France **'' Leptoneta c. aulotensis'' Dresco, 1990 – France *'' L. cornea'' Tong & Li, 2008 – China *'' L. corsica'' Fage, 1943 – France (Corsica) *'' L. crypticola'' Simon, 1907 – France **'' Leptoneta c. franciscoloi'' Caporiacco, 1950 – Italy *'' L. exilocula'' Tong ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gradungulidae
Gradungulidae, also known as large-clawed spiders, is a spider family endemic to Australia and New Zealand. They are medium to large-sized haplogyne spiders with three claws and two pairs of book-lungs similar to Mygalomorphae. Some species build extensive webs with an upper retreat tangle and connecting threads to scaffolding. This supports the ladder-like catching platform that is glued to the ground. ''Progradungula'', a large spider with long legs like ''Hickmania'', and ''Macrogradungula'' are the only cribellate genera of the family. Species ''Gradungula'' Forster, 1955 * '' Gradungula sorenseni'' Forster, 1955 — New Zealand ''Kaiya'' Gray, 1987 * ''Kaiya bemboka'' Gray, 1987 — New South Wales * ''Kaiya brindabella'' (Moran, 1985) — Australian Capital Territory * ''Kaiya parnabyi'' Gray, 1987 — Victoria * ''Kaiya terama'' Gray, 1987 ( type species) — New South Wales ''Macrogradungula'' Gray, 1987 * ''Macrogradungula moonya'' Gray, 1987 — Queensland ''P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archoleptoneta
''Archoleptoneta'' is a genus of North American spiders that was first described by Carl Eduard Adolph Gerstaecker in 1974. it contains only two species, both found in the United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 U.S. state, states, a Washington, D.C., federal district, five ma ...: '' A. gertschi'' and '' A. schusteri''. References Araneomorphae genera Araneomorphae Spiders of the United States {{Araneomorphae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Austrochilidae
Austrochilidae is a small spider family with nine species in two genera. '' Austrochilus'' and '' Thaida'' are endemic to the Andean forest of central and southern Chile and adjacent Argentina. Taxonomy , two genera are placed in the family Austrochilidae: '' Austrochilus'' and '' Thaida'', found in Chile and Argentina. The taxonomic placement of these genera has varied. In 1968, Lehtinen synonymized ''Austrochilus'' and ''Thaida'' under the latter name, placing the genus in a family he called "Thaididae". However, the family name "Thaididae" is preoccupied, being first used for a family of gastropods in 1887. A single family was accepted by Forster ''et al''. in 1987, under the name "Austrochilidae". Molecular phylogenetic studies agree in placing the two genera as basal members of the Araneomorphae, although the precise details and the family placement are not yet agreed. Phylogeny One hypothesis for the phylogeny of the genera placed in the family is shown below (Austrochilid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
