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Hammal Jiand
Mir Hammal-I-Jiand( Balochi:) was a Baloch hero during the 15th century. He was the Chief of Hot Kalmati tribe in Balochistan and was ruler of Makran coast. History Name and title Hammal lived during the 15th century and his father, Jiand was the ruler of Makran. He is best known for his resistance against Portuguese incursions, particularly during the attacks on coastal towns like Pasni and Gawadar. Mir hammal and Portuguese colonists When the Portuguese were expanding their influence along the coasts of Makran, which is part of present-day Balochistan in Pakistan. In 904 AH (1498-9 AD), the Portuguese admiral and explorer Vasco da Gama discovered the Indian Ocean and reached the shores of India. After reaching India, the Portuguese established a base there and engaged in piracy and plundering of merchant ships at sea. The Portuguese engaged in rampant murder and plunder at sea without any hindrance. As Afonso de Albuquerque had already gained control of the southern coast ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Makran
Makran (), also mentioned in some sources as ''Mecran'' and ''Mokrān'', is the southern coastal region of Balochistan. It is a semi-desert coastal strip in the Balochistan province in Pakistan and in Iran, along the coast of the Gulf of Oman. It extends westwards, from the Sonmiani Bay to the northwest of Karachi in the east, to the fringes of the region of Bashkardia/Bāšgerd in the southern part of the Sistan and Baluchestan province of modern Iran. Makrān is thus bisected by the modern political boundary between Pakistan and Iran. In January 2025, a government spokesperson informed that Iran is investigating the possibility of moving its capital to the Makran region. Etymology The southern part of Balochistan is called ''Kech Makran'' on the Pakistani side and Makran on the Iranian side which is also the name of a former Iranian province. The location corresponds to that of the Maka satrapy in Achaemenid times. The Sumerian trading partners of Magan are identified wit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Afonso De Albuquerque
Afonso de Albuquerque, 1st Duke of Goa ( – 16 December 1515), was a Portuguese general, admiral, statesman and ''conquistador''. He served as viceroy of Portuguese India from 1509 to 1515, during which he expanded Portuguese influence across the Indian Ocean and built a reputation as a fierce and skilled military commander. Albuquerque advanced the three-fold Portuguese grand scheme of combating Islam, spreading Christianity, and securing the trade of spices by establishing a Portuguese Asian empire. Among his achievements, Albuquerque managed to conquer Goa and was the first European of the Renaissance to raid the Persian Gulf, and he led the first voyage by a European fleet into the Red Sea. He is generally considered a highly effective military commander, and "probably the greatest naval commander of the age", given his successful strategy of attempting to close all the Indian Ocean naval passages to the Atlantic, Red Sea, Persian Gulf, and to the Pacific, transforming it ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hammal O Mahganj
'' Hammal O Mahganj'' is a Pakistani Balochi-language film released in 1976. It is known as the first feature Balochi film. The film could not make it to the cinemas due to political pressure. The film was produced by Anwar Iqbal who also played the lead role in the film along with Nadir Shah Adil, Aneeta Gul, Saqi and Noor Mohammad Lashari. Set in the 15th century when Portuguese discovered Indian subcontinent, the story revolves around a man who stands against the Portuguese for the honour of his motherland. The film was screened in 2017 on 28 February, Baloch Culture day. Cast * Anwar Iqbal Anwar Iqbal Baloch () (25 December 1949 – 1 July 2021) was a Pakistani television actor and director, who achieved fame with the hit Pakistani drama series ''Shama'' (1976). He later starred in the PTV drama "Akhri Chattan" (آخری چٹا� ... * Nadir Shah Adil * Aneeta Gul * Saqi * Noor Mohammad Lashari * Shakeel Laasi References Balochi-language Pakistani films Pakista ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mir Chakar Rind
Chakar Khan Rind (1468–1565) ( Balochi: میر چاکَر خان رِند) was a Baloch chieftain who founded the Second Baloch Confederacy (1487–1512). He is considered a folk hero of the Baloch people and an important figure in the Baloch epic '' Hani and Sheh Mureed.'' Family According to Baloch history, Mir Chakar Rind is descendant of Rind Khan, the son of the founder of Baloch Jalal Khan. Mir Chakar Rind's hometown was Mandh (Kech District), Balochistan. His descendants moved to different parts of the region and the Middle East. They often add Rind as a suffix to their name. History Mir Chakar became the head of Rind tribe at the age of 18 after the death of his father Mir Shehaq Rind. Mir Chakar's fiefdom was short-lived because of the great civil war between the Lashari and Rind tribes of Balochistan. Mir Chakar as head of his tribe went to war, which resulted in thousands dying. The war and the gallantry of the two tribes' leaders continues to be a part o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Balochi Literature
Balochi literature () is literature written in the Balochi languages." The main Balochi literature is found in poetry, which is purely popular in origin and form Poetry is by the Baloch people, Baloch regarded as the highest form of literature." Baloch literature is a reminder of different eras of Balochi Culture, Baloch culture and civilization, sadness, joys, and the narration of their Ancient history, ancient and old legends and myths, including the stories of Hani and Sheh Mureed, Jalal Khan, Mir Chakar Rind,Hammal Jiand, Ges'dok, Ashkash(character from Shahnameh, Shahnama),and Duda and balach's epic are mixed together. Among the greats of Balochi literature, can mention Natiq Makrani, Mast Tawakali, Abdullah Rwanbod and Syed Zahoor Shah Hashmi, Saba Dashtyari, Gul Khan Nasir, Mir Gul Khan Nasir, Muneer Ahmed Badini, Aziz Sanghur and Ghulam Mohammad Lalzad Baloch. History Carina Jahani cited that attributed her interest and fascination with the Balochi language to the o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Franks
file:Frankish arms.JPG, Aristocratic Frankish burial items from the Merovingian dynasty The Franks ( or ; ; ) were originally a group of Germanic peoples who lived near the Rhine river, Rhine-river military border of Germania Inferior, which was the most northerly province of the Roman Empire in continental Europe. These Frankish tribes lived for centuries under varying degrees of Roman hegemony and influence, but after the collapse of Roman institutions in western Europe they took control of a large empire including areas which had been ruled by Rome, and what it meant to be a Frank began to evolve. Once they were deeply established in Gaul, the Franks became a multilingual, Catholic Christian people, who subsequently came to rule over several other post-Roman kingdoms both inside and outside the old empire. In a broader sense much of the population of western Europe could eventually described as Franks in some contexts. The term "Frank" itself first appeared in the third cent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muscat
Muscat (, ) is the capital and most populous city in Oman. It is the seat of the Governorate of Muscat. According to the National Centre for Statistics and Information (NCSI), the population of the Muscat Governorate in 2022 was 1.72 million. The metropolitan area includes six provinces, called , and spans approximately . Known since the early 1st century CE as a leading port for trade between the west and the east, Muscat was ruled successively by various indigenous tribes, as well as by foreign powers such as the Persians, the Portuguese Empire and the Ottoman Empire. In the 18th century, Muscat was a regional military power: its influence extended as far as East Africa and Zanzibar. As an important port town in the Gulf of Oman, Muscat attracted foreign traders and settlers such as the Persians, the Balochs and the Sindhis. Beginning in 1970, after the accession of Qaboos bin Said as the Sultan of Oman, Muscat experienced rapid infrastructural development; it developed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gulf Of Oman
The Gulf of Oman or Sea of Oman ( ''khalīj ʿumān''; ''daryâ-ye omân''), also known as Gulf of Makran or Sea of Makran ( ''khalīj makrān''; ''daryâ-ye makrān''), is a gulf in the Indian Ocean that connects the Arabian Sea with the Strait of Hormuz, which then runs to the Persian Gulf. It borders Iran and Pakistan on the north, Oman on the south, and the United Arab Emirates on the west. Extent The International Hydrographic Organization defines the limits of the Gulf of Oman as follows: Exclusive economic zone Exclusive economic zones in Gulf of Oman: Bordering countries Coastline length of bordering countries: # - 850 km coastline # - 750 km coastline # - 50 km coastline # - 50 km coastline Alternative names The Gulf of Oman historically and geographically has been referred to by different names by Arabian, Iranian, Indian, Pakistani, and European geographers and travelers, including Makran Sea and Akhzar Sea. # Makran Sea # A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sailor
A sailor, seaman, mariner, or seafarer is a person who works aboard a watercraft as part of its crew, and may work in any one of a number of different fields that are related to the operation and maintenance of a ship. While the term ''sailor'' has its etymological roots from sailing, that is a time when sailing ships were the main mode of transport at sea, it now refers to the personnel of all watercraft regardless of the type of vessel, boat or ship. It encompasses people who operate ships professionally, be it for a military (navy) or civilian (merchant navy) or for Sailing (sport), sports or recreation. In a navy, there may be further distinctions: ''sailor'' may refer to any member of the navy even if they are based on land, while Seaman (rank), ''seaman'' may refer to a specific enlisted rank. Additionally, fisherman are seen as a distinct type of sailor, that is those engaged in fishing. Sailors have existed from the earliest periods in history as people as people used b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Balochistan Coastal Highway
The N-10 or National Highway 10 (Urdu: ) is a 653 km national highway in Pakistan which extends along Pakistan's Arabian Sea coast from Karachi in Sindh province to Gwadar in Balochistan province. It passes the towns of Ormara and Pasni, both in Balochistan. Background The idea of exploiting the potential of the large coastal belt was under discussion for a long time. The decision to build a port in Gwadar was initially taken in the early 1990s when the hydrocarbon-laden and mineral-rich Central Asian Republics gained independence after the breakup of the Soviet Union. The construction of the Makran Coastal Highway was essential to the development of the port of Gwadar. Without the Highway, Gwadar would have been an island sitting without the bridges that connect it with Karachi in the south and the rest of Pakistan and the larger world around in the north and the west. Another key connection of an established infrastructure in this part of the country, it offers China ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treaty
A treaty is a formal, legally binding written agreement between sovereign states and/or international organizations that is governed by international law. A treaty may also be known as an international agreement, protocol, covenant, convention, pact, or exchange of letters, among other terms; however, only documents that are legally binding on the parties are considered treaties under international law. Treaties may be bilateral (between two countries) or multilateral (involving more than two countries). Treaties are among the earliest manifestations of international relations; the first known example is a border agreement between the Sumer, Sumerian city-states of Lagash and Umma around 3100 BC. International agreements were used in some form by most major civilizations and became increasingly common and more sophisticated during the Early modern period, early modern era. The early 19th century saw developments in diplomacy, foreign policy, and international law reflected by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
