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Hamburg Amerika Line
The Hamburg-Amerikanische Packetfahrt-Actien-Gesellschaft (HAPAG), known in English as the Hamburg America Line, was a transatlantic shipping enterprise established in Hamburg, in 1847. Among those involved in its development were prominent German citizens such as Albert Ballin (director general), Adolph Godeffroy, Ferdinand Laeisz, Carl Woermann, August Bolten, and others, and its main financial backers were Berenberg Bank and H. J. Merck & Co. It soon developed into the largest German, and at times the world's largest, shipping company, serving the market created by German immigration to the United States and later, immigration from Eastern Europe. On 1 September 1970, after 123 years of independent existence, HAPAG merged with the Bremen-based North German Lloyd to form Hapag-Lloyd AG, the international shipping and container transportation company. History Ports served In the early years, the Hamburg America Line exclusively connected European ports with North American ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Norddeutscher Lloyd
Norddeutscher Lloyd (NDL; North German Lloyd) was a German shipping company. It was founded by Hermann Henrich Meier and Eduard Crüsemann in Bremen on 20 February 1857. It developed into one of the most important German shipping companies of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and was instrumental in the economic development of Bremen and Bremerhaven. On 1 September 1970, the company merged with Hamburg America Line (HAPAG) to form Hapag-Lloyd. Establishment of the company The company was founded by the Bremen merchants Hermann Henrich Meier and Eduard Crüsemann on 20 February 1857, after the dissolution of the New York City, New York based Ocean Steam Navigation Company, a joint German-American enterprise. The new shipping company had no direct association with the United Kingdom, British maritime classification society Lloyd's Register, but by the mid-19th century, "Lloyd" was commonly used to refer to NDL (an earlier user of the term in the same context was the Trieste- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
War Reparations
War reparations are compensation payments made after a war by one side to the other. They are intended to cover damage or injury inflicted during a war. War reparations can take the form of hard currency, precious metals, natural resources, industrial assets, or intellectual properties. Loss of territory in a peace settlement is usually considered to be distinct from war reparations. War reparations are often governed by treaties which belligerent parties negotiate as part of a peace settlement. Payment of reparations often occur as part of a condition to remove occupying troops or under the threat of re-occupation. The legal basis for war reparations in modern international law is Article 3 of the Hague Convention of 1907. Prominent examples of war reparations include Carthage's indemnity paid to Rome following the First Punic War, French reparations following the Napoleonic Wars, Haiti's reparations to France following the Haitian War of Independence (1791–1804), Fren ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RMS Majestic (1914)
RMS ''Majestic'' was a British ocean liner working on the White Star Line's North Atlantic run, originally Ship naming and launching, launched in 1914 as the Hamburg America Liner SS ''Bismarck''. At 56,551 gross register tons, she was the largest ship ever operated by the White Star Line under its own flag and the largest ship in the world until completion of in 1935. The third and largest member of the German ocean liner company Hamburg America Line's Imperator-class ocean liner, trio of transatlantic liners, her completion was delayed by World War I. The liner never sailed under the German flag except on her sea trials in 1922. Following the war, she was finished by her German builders, handed over to the Allies of World War I, Allies as war reparations and became the White Star Line flagship RMS ''Majestic'', replacing the sunk HMHS Britannic, HMHS ''Britannic'', which went down in the Aegean Sea, in November 1916, after hitting a mine laid by SM U-73, SM ''U-73''. She wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
USS America (ID-3006)
SS ''Amerika'' was a transatlantic ocean liner and a troop transport for the United States during both world wars. She was launched in 1905 as ''Amerika'' by Harland & Wolff in Belfast for the Hamburg America Line of Germany. As a passenger liner, she sailed primarily between Hamburg and New York. On 14 April 1912, ''Amerika'' transmitted a wireless message about icebergs near the same area where RMS ''Titanic'' struck one and sank less than three hours later. At the outset of the war, ''Amerika'' was docked at Boston; rather than risk seizure by the British Royal Navy, she remained in port for the next three years. Hours before the American entry into World War I, ''Amerika'' was seized and placed under control of the United States Shipping Board (USSB). Later transferred to the U.S. Navy for use as a troop transport, she was initially commissioned as USS ''Amerika'' with Naval Registry Identification Number 3006 (ID-3006), but her name was soon Anglicized to ''America''. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prinzessin Victoria Luise
' was the world's first purpose-built cruise ship. She was built in Germany, and launched in 1900 for the Hamburg America Line (HAPAG). Most of her cruises were from Hoboken, New Jersey to the Caribbean. She also cruised to the Mediterranean and the Black Sea, and in summer 1903 she made a series of cruises from Hamburg to Norway and the Baltic. Between September 1904 and January 1905 she made a pioneering round-the-World cruise from Hamburg to San Francisco. As a prestigious luxury ship, ' also took part in events honoring Kaiser Wilhelm II, his brother Prince Henry of Prussia, and Cipriano Castro, President of Venezuela. Her career lasted only five years. In 1906 her Master mistook one lighthouse for another, set the wrong course, and accidentally drove her onto a reef off Jamaica. He swiftly took his own life, leaving his officers to manage the safe rescue of the ship's passengers and crew. No other lives were lost. Background In 1886 Albert Ballin joined HAPAG as man ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kaiser-class Ocean Liner
The Kaiser-class ocean liners or ''Kaiserklasse'' refer to four transatlantic crossing, transatlantic ocean liners of the Norddeutscher Lloyd, a German shipping company. Built by the AG Vulcan Stettin between 1897 and 1907, these ships were designed to be among the largest and best appointed liners of their day. These four ships, two of which held the prestigious Blue Riband, were known as the "four flyers" and all proved to be popular with wealthy transatlantic travellers. They also took great advantage of the masses of emigrants who wished to leave Europe. The first of these "superliners" was , unique for being the first liner built with Four funnel liner, four funnels. She was credited with sparking the race for maritime supremacy between France, Germany and the United Kingdom which soon saw the creation of some of the most famous ships in history. Although ''Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse'' was not originally planned to have any sister ships, the subsequent (1901), (1903) and al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blue Riband
The Blue Riband () is an unofficial accolade given to the passenger liner crossing the Atlantic Ocean in regular service with the record highest Velocity, average speed. The term was borrowed from horse racing and was not widely used until after 1910. The record is based on average speed rather than passage time because ships follow different routes. Also, eastbound and westbound speed records are reckoned separately, as the more difficult westbound record voyage, against the Gulf Stream and the prevailing weather systems, typically results in lower average speeds.Kludas states that only westbound records counted for the Blue Riband, though this contradicts the other main sources on the subject (e.g. Lee, Gibbs, Bonsor, and contemporary news sources) which are clear that records in both directions qualified for the accolade. Of the 35 Atlantic liners to hold the Blue Riband, 25 were British, followed by five German, three American, and one each from Italy and France. Thirte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baksheesh
''Baksheesh'' (from ) is tipping, charitable giving, and certain forms of political corruption and bribery in the Middle East and South Asia. Etymology and usage ''Baksheesh'' comes from the Persian word (), which originated from the Middle Persian language. The word had also moved to other cultures and countries. In the Albanian, Arabic, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Indian, Macedonian, Romanian, Russian, Serbian, and Turkish languages, ''bakshish'' or бакшиш means "tip" in the conventional western sense. In Greek, μπαξίσι () can mean a gift in general. In German and French, ''Bakschisch'' is a small bribe (in Romanian as well, depending on the context; usually employed as a euphemism to ''șpagă'', which means outright bribe). In Maltese, the word ''buqxiex'' refers to a very small payment. Types * Charity to beggars: In Pakistan, beggars solicit alms by crying "''baksheesh, baba!''". * Tipping: This does not correlate with the European system of tippin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christian Wilhelm Allers
Christian Wilhelm Allers (6 August 1857 – 19 October 1915) was a German painter and printmaker. Biography Allers, the son of a merchant, was born in Hamburg. He first worked as a lithographer, and in 1877 he moved to Karlsruhe where he continued to work as a lithographer. In the Kunstakademie (state academy of fine arts) he was a scholar of Prof. Ferdinand Keller. From 1880–81 he served in the German navy in Kiel where Anton Alexander von Werner supported him. In Kiel he got to know Klaus Groth, who became a friend of his. Allers became well known when he published his collection of prints "Club Eintracht" in 1888. Several other books and maps (collections of prints) followed, by way of example Bismarck, so at the beginning of the 1890s he was able to build a villa on Capri. He lived there for many years, also spending some time in Hamburg, Karlsruhe, and travelling around the world. In autumn 1902, there was a scandal. Friedrich Alfred Krupp, another famous p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Augusta Victoria (ship)
''Augusta Victoria'', later ''Auguste Victoria'', placed in service in 1889 and named for Empress Augusta Victoria, wife of German Emperor Wilhelm II, was the name ship of the Augusta Victoria series and the first of a new generation of luxury Hamburg America Line ocean liners. She was the first liner built in continental Europe with twin propellers and when first placed in service, the fastest liner in the Atlantic trade. In 1897, the ship was rebuilt and lengthened and in 1904 she was sold to the Imperial Russian Navy, which renamed her ''Kuban''. Engineering The ship had eight double ended main coal fired boilers and an auxiliary boiler. The main boilers provided steam for the two inverted three cylinder triple expansion engines each driving a steel four bladed diameter propeller with pitch. Maximum power was about 25,000 ihp. Coal bunker capacity was 2,260 tons and consumption about 220 tons per day. History Hamburg America Line Albert Ballin commissioned ''Augusta Vi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central America
Central America is a subregion of North America. Its political boundaries are defined as bordering Mexico to the north, Colombia to the southeast, the Caribbean to the east, and the Pacific Ocean to the southwest. Central America is usually defined as consisting of seven countries: Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama. Within Central America is the Mesoamerican biodiversity hotspot, which extends from southern Mexico to southeastern Panama. Due to the presence of several active geologic faults and the Central America Volcanic Arc, there is a high amount of seismic activity in the region, such as volcanic eruptions and earthquakes, which has resulted in death, injury, and property damage. Most of Central America falls under the Isthmo-Colombian cultural area. Before the Spanish expedition of Christopher Columbus' voyages to the Americas, hundreds of indigenous peoples made their homes in the area. From the year 1502 onwards, Spain ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
