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Hallucinogenic Plant
Psychoactive plants are plants, or preparations thereof, that upon ingestion induce psychotropic effects. As stated in a reference work: Psychoactivity may include sedative, stimulant, euphoric, deliriant, and hallucinogenic effects. Several hundred psychoactive plants are known. Some popular examples of psychoactive plants include ''Coffea arabica'' (coffee), ''Camellia sinensis'' (tea), ''Nicotiana tabacum'' (tobacco), and ''Cannabis'' (including hashish). Psychoactive plants have been used ritually (''e.g.'', peyote as an entheogen), medicinally (''e.g.'', opium as an analgesic), and therapeutically (''e.g.'', cannabis as a drug) for thousands of years. Hence, the sociocultural and economic significance of psychoactive plants is enormous. History of psychoactive plants Many plants contain substances that alter moods and cause euphoria. Some of these psychoactive plants were known to the ancients. The history of poppy cultivation dates back to 3400 BC. In Mesopotamia. Po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tabak P9290021
Tabak is a surname and may refer to: * Benny Tabak (born 1956), former Israeli footballer * David Tabak (1927–2012), Israeli Olympic runner *Jiří Tabák (born 1955), retired Czech gymnast * Lawrence A. Tabak, American dentist and biomedical scientist * Mirjana Tabak (born 1972), Croatian former female professional basketball player * Noortje Tabak (born 1988), former Dutch road cyclist *Romana Tabak (born 1991), Slovak professional tennis player * Ronald Tabak (other) * Tino Tabak, Dutch-born New Zealand cyclist * Vincent Tabak, Dutch engineer and convicted murderer *Žan Tabak (born 1970), Croatian basketball player See also * Tabak Division, official name of the 1st Infantry Division, Philippine Army * Tabak-Toyok, a Filipino flail weapon consisting of a pair of sticks connected by a chain *Tobacco Tobacco is the common name of several plants in the genus '' Nicotiana'' of the family Solanaceae, and the general term for any product prepared from the cure ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Opium
Opium (also known as poppy tears, or Lachryma papaveris) is the dried latex obtained from the seed Capsule (fruit), capsules of the opium poppy ''Papaver somniferum''. Approximately 12 percent of opium is made up of the analgesic alkaloid morphine, which is processed chemically to produce heroin and other synthetic opioids for medicinal use and for the illegal drug trade. Opium's main psychoactive alkaloids, primarily morphine, act on μ-opioid receptors, causing analgesia and addiction with long-term use leading to tolerance, dependence, and increased cancer risk. The latex also contains the closely related opiates codeine and thebaine, and non-analgesic alkaloids such as papaverine and noscapine. The traditional, labor-intensive method of obtaining the latex is to scratch ("score") the immature seed pods (fruits) by hand; the latex leaks out and dries to a sticky yellowish residue that is later scraped off and dehydrated. The English word for opium is loan word, borrowed fro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cannabis Sativa Plant (4)
''Cannabis'' () is a genus of flowering plants in the family Cannabaceae that is widely accepted as being Indigenous (ecology), indigenous to and originating from the continent of Asia. However, the number of species is disputed, with as many as three species being recognized: ''Cannabis sativa'', ''Cannabis indica, C. indica'', and ''Cannabis ruderalis, C. ruderalis''. Alternatively, ''C. ruderalis'' may be included within ''C. sativa'', or all three may be treated as subspecies of ''C. sativa'', or ''C. sativa'' may be accepted as a single undivided species. The plant is also known as hemp, although this term is usually used to refer only to Variety (botany), varieties Cannabis cultivation, cultivated for non-drug use. Hemp has long been used for fibre, hemp seed, seeds and their hemp oil, oils, leaves for use as leafy vegetable, vegetables, and hemp juice, juice. Industrial hemp textile products are made from cannabis plants selected to produ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cannabis Sativa
''Cannabis sativa'' is an annual Herbaceous plant, herbaceous flowering plant. The species was first classified by Carl Linnaeus in 1753. The specific epithet ''Sativum, sativa'' means 'cultivated'. Indigenous to East Asia, Eastern Asia, the plant is now of cosmopolitan distribution due to widespread cultivation. It has been cultivated throughout recorded history and used as a source of Hemp#fibre, industrial fiber, Hemp oil, seed oil, Hempnut, food, and Medical cannabis, medicine. It is also used as Cannabis (drug), a recreational drug and for entheogenic use of cannabis, religious and spiritual purposes. Description The flowers of ''Cannabis sativa'' plants are most often either male or female, but only plants displaying female pistils can be or turn hermaphrodite. Males can never become hermaphrodites. It is a short-day flowering plant, with staminate (male) plants usually taller and less robust than pistillate (female or male) plants. The flowers of the female plant are arr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nicotine
Nicotine is a natural product, naturally produced alkaloid in the nightshade family of plants (most predominantly in tobacco and ''Duboisia hopwoodii'') and is widely used recreational drug use, recreationally as a stimulant and anxiolytic. As a pharmaceutical drug, it is used for smoking cessation to relieve drug withdrawal, withdrawal symptoms. Nicotine acts as a receptor agonist at most nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), except at two nicotinic receptor subunits (nAChRα9 and nAChRα10) where it acts as a receptor antagonist. Nicotine constitutes approximately 0.6–3.0% of the dry weight of tobacco. Nicotine is also present at Parts-per notation, ppb concentrations in edible plants in the family Solanaceae, including potatoes, tomatoes, and eggplants, though sources disagree on whether this has any biological significance to human consumers. It functions as an plant defense against herbivory, antiherbivore toxin; consequently, nicotine was widely used as an insecti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alertness
Alertness is a state of active attention characterized by high sensory awareness. Someone who is alert is vigilant and promptly meets danger or emergency, or is quick to perceive and act. Alertness is a psychological and physiological state. Lack of alertness is a symptom of a number of conditions, including narcolepsy, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, chronic fatigue syndrome, depression, Addison's disease, and sleep deprivation. Pronounced lack of alertness is an altered level of consciousness. States with low levels of alertness include drowsiness. The word is formed from "alert", which comes from the Italian (on the watch, literally: on the height; 1618). Wakefulness refers mainly to differences between the sleep and waking states; vigilance refers to sustained alertness and concentration. Both terms are sometimes used synonymously with alertness. Importance and difficulty People who have to be alert during their jobs, such as air traffic controllers or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Drowsiness
Somnolence (alternatively sleepiness or drowsiness) is a state of strong desire for sleep, or sleeping for unusually long periods (compare hypersomnia). It has distinct meanings and causes. It can refer to the usual state preceding falling asleep, the condition of being in a drowsy state due to circadian rhythm disorders, or a symptom of other health problems. It can be accompanied by lethargy, weakness and lack of mental agility. Somnolence is often viewed as a symptom rather than a disorder by itself. However, the concept of somnolence recurring at certain times for certain reasons constitutes various disorders, such as excessive daytime sleepiness, shift work sleep disorder, and others; and there are medical codes for somnolence as viewed as a disorder. Sleepiness can be dangerous when performing tasks that require constant concentration, such as driving a vehicle. When a person is sufficiently fatigued, microsleeps may be experienced. In individuals deprived of sleep, som ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caffeine
Caffeine is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant of the methylxanthine chemical classification, class and is the most commonly consumed Psychoactive drug, psychoactive substance globally. It is mainly used for its eugeroic (wakefulness promoting), ergogenic (physical performance-enhancing), or nootropic (cognitive-enhancing) properties. Caffeine acts by blocking the binding of adenosine at a number of adenosine receptor types, inhibiting the centrally depressant effects of adenosine and enhancing the release of acetylcholine. Caffeine has a three-dimensional structure similar to that of adenosine, which allows it to bind and block its receptors. Caffeine also increases Cyclic adenosine monophosphate, cyclic AMP levels through nonselective Phosphodiesterase inhibitor, inhibition of phosphodiesterase, increases calcium release from intracellular stores, and Receptor antagonist, antagonizes GABA receptor, GABA receptors, although these mechanisms typically occur at concentrati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Starr 070308-5472 Coffea Arabica
Starr may refer to: People and fictional characters * Starr (surname), a list of people and fictional characters * Starr (given name), a list of people and fictional characters Places United States * Starr, Ohio, an unincorporated community * Starr, South Carolina, a town * Starr County, Texas * Starr Township, Cloud County, Kansas * Starr Township, Hocking County, Ohio * Starr Historic District, Richmond, Indiana * Mount Starr, a mountain in California Antarctica * Starr Peninsula, Ellsworth Land * Starr Lake (McMurdo Station), Ross Island * Starr Nunatak, Victoria Land Elsewhere * Starr Gate, a location in Blackpool, Lancashire, England * 4150 Starr, a minor planet Buildings * Starr House (other), various houses on the United States National Register of Historic Places * Starr Mill, Middletown, Connecticut, on the National Register of Historic Places * Starr Arena, a sports facility in Hamilton, New York, United States Ships * HMS ''Starr' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Psychoactive Plants
This is a list of plant species that, when consumed by humans, are known or suspected to produce psychoactive effects: changes in nervous system function that alter perception, mood, consciousness, cognition or behavior. Many of these plants are used intentionally as psychoactive drugs, for medicinal, religious, and/or recreational purposes. Some have been used ritually as entheogens for millennia. The plants are listed according to the specific psychoactive chemical substances they contain; many contain multiple known psychoactive compounds. Cannabinoids Species of the genus ''Cannabis'', known colloquially as marijuana, including ''Cannabis sativa'' and ''Cannabis indica'', is a popular psychoactive plant that is often used medically and recreationally. The principal psychoactive substance in ''Cannabis'', tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), contains no nitrogen, unlike many (but not all) other psychoactive substances and is not an indole, tryptamine, phenethylamine, anticholinergi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
