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Halde Rheinpreußen
The Halde Rheinpreußen is a spoil tip in the German city Moers which lies above its ambit. It is part of the category ''Panoramas'' of the Ruhr Industrial Heritage Trail. In 1963, the spoil tip was heaped up with materials of the pit 5/9, i.e. the mine ''Zeche Rheinpreußen''. In autumn 1999, the artist Otto Piene, co-founder of the ''ZERO'' group, presented his idea of a mining lamp memorial called ''Geleucht'' for the first time. Between 2005 and 2006, 35 lamp poles were assembled on the spoil tip for red illumination of an area of . In 2007, the circa and heavy landmark was constructed on the Halde Rheinpreußen. Since the dedication of the ''Geleucht'' on 17 September 2007, the mining lamp memorial and the lamp poles are illuminated every night. The stairs to the observation deck are opened on a regular basis. Gallery File:Halde Rheinpreussen Luft 2009-09.jpg, Aerial photograph File:Halde Rheinpreußen, Grubenlampe, III retouched.jpg, The ''mining lamp'' memorial at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Halde Norddeutschland, Halde Rheinpreußen
The French Equal Opportunities and Anti-Discrimination Commission (French ''Haute autorité de lutte contre les discriminations et pour l'égalité'' or HALDE) is a French "independent administrative authority" which "has the right to judge all discrimination, direct or indirect, that is prohibited by law or an international agreement to which France is a signatory." HALDE was created by law n° 2004-1486 on 30 December 2004, published in the ''Journal officiel'' on 31 December 2004. Composition HALDE has twelve members who are appointed by the French President for five-year terms. They can neither be expelled from their posts nor reappointed at the end of them. New members are added every thirty months, with five members being removed at this time (the president of HALDE stays, however). Thus, five of the first members were limited to 30 month-terms. These five will be selected randomly at HALDE's first meeting. HALDE's members are chosen according to the following allotment: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spoil Tip
A spoil tip (also called a boney pile, culm bank, gob pile, waste tip or bing) is a pile built of accumulated ''spoil'' – waste material removed during mining. Spoil tips are not formed of slag, but in some areas, such as England and Wales, they are referred to as slag heaps. In Scotland the word ''bing'' is used. In North American English the term is mine dump or mine waste dump. The term "spoil" is also used to refer to material removed when digging a foundation, tunnel, or other large excavation. Such material may be ordinary soil and rocks (after Coal preparation plant, separation of coal from waste), or may be heavily contaminated with chemical waste, determining how it may be disposed of. Clean spoil may be used for land reclamation. Spoil is distinct from tailings, which is the processed material that remains after the valuable components have been extracted from ore. Etymology The phrase originates from the French word ''espoilelier'', a verb conveying the meanin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moers
Moers (; older form: ''Mörs''; Dutch language, Dutch: ''Murse'', ''Murs'' or ''Meurs'') is a German List of cities and towns in Germany, city on the western bank of the Rhine, close to Duisburg. Moers belongs to the district of Wesel (district), Wesel. History Known earliest from 1186, the county of Moers was an independent principality within the Holy Roman Empire. During the Eighty Years' War it was alternately captured by Spanish and Dutch troops, as it bordered the Upper Quarter of Guelders. During the war it Siege of Meurs (1597), finally fell to Maurice of Orange. As it was separated from the Dutch Republic by Spanish Netherlands, Spanish Upper Guelders it did not become an integral part of the Republic, though Dutch troops were stationed there. After the death of William III of England, William III of Orange in 1702, Moers was inherited by the king of Prussia. All Dutch troops and civil servants were expelled. In 1795 it was annexed by France. At the Congress of V ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Industrial Heritage Trail
The Industrial Heritage Trail () links tourist attractions related to the industrial heritage in the Ruhr area in Germany. It is a part of the European Route of Industrial Heritage. The series of routes were developed between 1989 and 1999, however additions are still being made. The route The trail network connects museums and exhibitions that present the industrial revolution during the last 750 years in the Ruhr area. It includes 400 km of road network and about 700 km of bicycle tracks. The attractions There are 52 main attractions on the trail. * Bochum Dahlhausen Railway Museum * German Inland Waterways Museum * Villa Hügel * Zeche Carl Visitor centres and anchor points * German Inland Waterways Museum * Duisburg Inner Harbour * Oberhausen Industrial Museum * Landschaftspark Duisburg-Nord * Gasometer Oberhausen * Aquarius Water Museum * Villa Hügel * Nordsternpark * World Heritage Site Zeche Zollverein * Marl Chemical Park * Bochum Dahlhausen Railway M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Otto Piene
Otto Piene (, 18 April 1928 – 17 July 2014) was a German-American artist specializing in kinetic art, kinetic and technology-based art, often working collaboratively. He lived and worked in Düsseldorf, Germany; Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Groton, Massachusetts. Biography Otto Piene was born in 1928 in Bad Laasphe and was raised in Lübbecke. At the age of 16, he was drafted into World War II as an Anti-aircraft warfare, anti-aircraft gunner. As a German soldier, he became fascinated by the glowing lines of searchlights and artillery fire in the night. Post-war from 1949 to 1953, he studied painting and art education at the Academy of Fine Arts, Munich, and at the Kunstakademie Düsseldorf. He was a lecturer at the Fashion Institute in Düsseldorf. From 1952 to 1957, he studied philosophy at the University of Cologne. He was a visiting professor at the University of Pennsylvania beginning in 1964. From 1968 to 1971, he was the first Fellow appointed to the Center for Advan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Safety Lamp
A safety lamp is any of several types of lamp that provides illumination in places such as coal mines where the air may carry coal dust or a build-up of flammable gases, which may explode if ignited, possibly by an electric spark. Until the development of effective electric lamps in the early 1900s, miners used flame lamps to provide illumination. Open flame lamps could ignite flammable gases which collected in mines, causing explosions; safety lamps were developed to enclose the flame to prevent it from igniting the explosive gases. Flame safety lamps have been replaced for lighting in mining with sealed explosion-proof electric lights, but continue to be used to detect gases. Background Damps or gases Miners have traditionally referred to the various gases encountered during mining as damps, from the Middle Low German word ''dampf'' (meaning "vapour"). Damps are variable mixtures and are historic terms. * '' Firedamp'' Naturally occurring flammable mixtures, principally ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blue Hour
The blue hour (from French ; ) is the period of twilight (in the morning or evening, around the nautical stage) when the Sun is at a significant depth below the horizon. During this time, the remaining sunlight takes on a mostly blue shade. This shade differs from the colour of the sky on a clear day, which is caused by Rayleigh scattering. The blue hour occurs when the Sun is far enough below the horizon so that the sunlight's blue wavelengths dominate due to the Chappuis absorption caused by ozone. Since the term is colloquial, it lacks an official definition such as dawn, dusk, or the three stages of twilight. Rather, blue hour refers to the state of natural lighting that usually occurs around the nautical stage of the twilight period (at dawn or dusk). The blue hour is shorter in regions near the equator due to the sun rising and setting at steep angles. In places closer to the poles, the illumination and twilight periods are longer as the sun rises and sets at shallower ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Halde Rheinpreussen Panorama
The French Equal Opportunities and Anti-Discrimination Commission (French ''Haute autorité de lutte contre les discriminations et pour l'égalité'' or HALDE) is a French "independent administrative authority" which "has the right to judge all discrimination, direct or indirect, that is prohibited by law or an international agreement to which France is a signatory." HALDE was created by law n° 2004-1486 on 30 December 2004, published in the ''Journal officiel'' on 31 December 2004. Composition HALDE has twelve members who are appointed by the French President for five-year terms. They can neither be expelled from their posts nor reappointed at the end of them. New members are added every thirty months, with five members being removed at this time (the president of HALDE stays, however). Thus, five of the first members were limited to 30 month-terms. These five will be selected randomly at HALDE's first meeting. HALDE's members are chosen according to the following allotment: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Industrial Heritage Trail
The Industrial Heritage Trail () links tourist attractions related to the industrial heritage in the Ruhr area in Germany. It is a part of the European Route of Industrial Heritage. The series of routes were developed between 1989 and 1999, however additions are still being made. The route The trail network connects museums and exhibitions that present the industrial revolution during the last 750 years in the Ruhr area. It includes 400 km of road network and about 700 km of bicycle tracks. The attractions There are 52 main attractions on the trail. * Bochum Dahlhausen Railway Museum * German Inland Waterways Museum * Villa Hügel * Zeche Carl Visitor centres and anchor points * German Inland Waterways Museum * Duisburg Inner Harbour * Oberhausen Industrial Museum * Landschaftspark Duisburg-Nord * Gasometer Oberhausen * Aquarius Water Museum * Villa Hügel * Nordsternpark * World Heritage Site Zeche Zollverein * Marl Chemical Park * Bochum Dahlhausen Railway M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mining In Germany
The economy of Germany is a Developed country, highly developed social market economy. It has the largest national economy in Europe, the List of countries by GDP (nominal), third-largest by nominal GDP in the world, and the List of countries by GDP (PPP), sixth-largest by PPP-adjusted GDP. Due to a volatile currency exchange rate, Germany's GDP as measured in dollars fluctuates sharply, but it is among the world's top 4 since 1960. In 2025, the country accounted for 23.7% of the Euro area economy according to the International Monetary Fund (IMF). Germany is a founding member of the European Union and the eurozone. Germany is List of countries by exports, the third-largest exporter globally with $1.66 trillion worth of goods and services exported in 2024. In 2024, Germany recorded a Balance of trade, trade surplus worth $255 billion, ranking List of countries by net goods exports, 2nd worldwide. The Tertiary sector of the economy, service sector contributes around 70% of the t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mountains And Hills Of North Rhine-Westphalia
A mountain is an elevated portion of the Earth's crust, generally with steep sides that show significant exposed bedrock. Although definitions vary, a mountain may differ from a plateau in having a limited summit area, and is usually higher than a hill, typically rising at least above the surrounding land. A few mountains are isolated summits, but most occur in mountain ranges. Mountains are formed through tectonic forces, erosion, or volcanism, which act on time scales of up to tens of millions of years. Once mountain building ceases, mountains are slowly leveled through the action of weathering, through slumping and other forms of mass wasting, as well as through erosion by rivers and glaciers. High elevations on mountains produce colder climates than at sea level at similar latitude. These colder climates strongly affect the ecosystems of mountains: different elevations have different plants and animals. Because of the less hospitable terrain and climate, mountains te ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Artificial Hills
Artificiality (the state of being artificial, anthropogenic, or man-made) is the state of being the product of intentional human manufacture, rather than occurring nature, naturally through processes not involving or requiring human activity. Connotations Artificiality often carries with it the implication of being false, counterfeit, or deceptive. The philosopher Aristotle wrote in his ''Rhetoric (Aristotle), Rhetoric'': However, artificiality does not necessarily have a negative connotation, as it may also reflect the ability of humans to replicate forms or functions arising in nature, as with an artificial heart or artificial intelligence. Political scientist and artificial intelligence expert Herbert A. Simon observes that "some artificial things are imitations of things in nature, and the imitation may use either the same basic materials as those in the natural object or quite different materials.Herbert A. Simon, ''The Sciences of the Artificial'' (1996), p. 4. Simon dist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
