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Haile Fida
Haile Fida (Amharic language, Amharic: ኃይሌ ፊዳ, Oromo language, Oromo: ''Haaylee Fidaa'', 4 April 1939 – 4 April 1979) was an Ethiopian politician and the leader of the All-Ethiopia Socialist Movement (popularly known as "MEISON", after its Amharic abbreviation መኢሶን). His most significant accomplishment was drafting the Program for the National Democratic Revolution on behalf of the Derg. Early life Haile Fida was born in Arjo, Ethiopia and grew up in the town of Nekemte. Haile Fida studied in France during the early 1960s, and during his studies he had acquired a Marxist ideology that was closer to the Soviet version than to the New Left; Haile studied towards an MA in sociology and social anthropology and PhD in philosophy at the Institut Universitaire de France. Rene LeFort states that he was a fellow-traveller of the French Communist Party. He returned to Ethiopia soon after the start of the Derg, Ethiopian Revolution, sometime in 1975, having answered t ...
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Chairman
The chair, also chairman, chairwoman, or chairperson, is the presiding officer of an organized group such as a board, committee, or deliberative assembly. The person holding the office, who is typically elected or appointed by members of the group or organisation, presides over meetings of the group, and is required to conduct the group's business in an orderly fashion. In some organizations, the chair is also known as '' president'' (or other title). In others, where a board appoints a president (or other title), the two terms are used for distinct positions. The term chairman may be used in a neutral manner, not directly implying the gender of the holder. In meetings or conferences, to "chair" something (chairing) means to lead the event. Terminology Terms for the office and its holder include ''chair'', ''chairman'', ''chairwoman'', ''chairperson'', ''convenor'', ''facilitator'', '' moderator'', ''president'', and ''presiding officer''. The chair of a parliamentary chamb ...
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New Left
The New Left was a broad political movement that emerged from the counterculture of the 1960s and continued through the 1970s. It consisted of activists in the Western world who, in reaction to the era's liberal establishment, campaigned for freer lifestyles on a broad range of social issues such as feminism, LGBT movements, gay rights, Drug liberalization, drug policy reforms, and gender relations. The New Left differs from the traditional left in that it tended to acknowledge the struggle for various forms of social justice, whereas previous movements prioritized explicitly economic goals. However, many have used the term "New Left" to describe an evolution, continuation, and revitalization of traditional Left-wing politics, leftist goals. Some who self-identified as "New Left" rejected involvement with the Labour movement, labor movement and Marxism's historical theory of Class conflict, class struggle; however, others gravitated to their own takes on established forms of Marxis ...
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All-Ethiopia Trade Union
The Confederation of Ethiopian Trade Unions (CETU) is an alliance of trade unions in Ethiopia. As of March 2020, this group had 751,887 members. The CETU is affiliated with the World Federation of Trade Unions The World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU) is an international federation of trade union, trade unions established on October 3, 1945. Founded in the immediate aftermath of World War Two, the organization built on the pre-war legacy of the Int .... The CETU has been described as being controlled by the government. CETU was founded in January 1977 as the ''All-Ethiopia Trade Union'' (AETU). The AETU changed its name in 1986, to the ''Ethiopian Trade Union'' (ETU), then again in 1993 to the CETU. In 2008, top management of the state-owned Bole Printing Enterprise disagreed with its trade union over worker compensation and unlawful termination. In late December a labor advisory board composed of state ministers, representatives of the employees, the CETU, and the managem ...
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Theodore Bekele
Tewodros Bekele (died February 25, 1977) was an Ethiopian trade unionist. Tewodros was a leader of the Seamen's Union.Legum, Colin. The Horn of Africa in continuing crisis'. New York; London: Africana, 1979. pp. 18, 46 He was a leading member of the All-Ethiopian Socialist Movement (MEISON). In early 1977 he became the founding chairman of the All-Ethiopia Trade Union (AETU). In broad daylight, gunmen entered the headquarters of the AETU in Addis Ababa on February 25, 1977. Tewodros was killed in the attack, and his deputy Getachew Legasse was seriously wounded.Middle East Economic Digest'. London: Middle East Economic Digest, 1977. p. 19 The assassination of Tewodros Bekele was publicly ascribed to the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Party, although suspicion has also been directed to the Derg The Derg or Dergue (, ), officially the Provisional Military Administrative Council (PMAC), was the military junta that ruled Ethiopia, including present-day Eritrea, from 1974 to ...
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Eritrean War Of Independence
The Eritrean War of Independence was an War, armed conflict and insurgency aimed at achieving self-determination and independence for Eritrea from Ethiopian rule. Starting in 1961, Eritrean insurgents engaged in guerrilla warfare to liberate Eritrea Province from the control of the Ethiopian Empire under Haile Selassie and later the Derg under Mengistu Haile Mariam, Mengistu. Their efforts ultimately succeeded in 1991 with the fall of the Derg regime. Eritrea was an Italian Eritrea, Italian colony from the 1880s until the Italians were defeated by the Allies in World War II in 1941. Afterward, Eritrea briefly became a Italian Eritrea#British Military Administration and the end of the colony, British protectorate until 1951. The United Nations convened after the war to decide Eritrea's future, eventually voting in favor of a federation between Eritrea and Ethiopia. As a result, Eritrea became a constituent state of the Federation of Ethiopia and Eritrea. The federation was int ...
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Sisay Hapte
Sisay, also Sissay, is a male given name of Ethiopian origin. Notable people with the name include: * Sisay Bancha (born 1989), Ethiopian international footballer * Lemn Sissay (born 1967), British-Ethiopian writer {{given name Ethiopian given names Masculine given names Amharic-language names ...
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Ethiopian News Agency
The Ethiopian News Agency ( ''Ye-Ityopya Zéna Agelgelot'' (IZA) or ENA) is the official news agency of the government of Ethiopia. It is the oldest news organisation in Ethiopia. History and Activities Established in 1942 as a national wire news center, the Ethiopian News Agency has been gathering, compiling and disseminating news stories to the public through the mass media, websites and various social media platforms. As the oldest and experienced newscaster in the country, ENA has been disseminating news and related stories, documentary and TV programs through its 38 branch offices across the country. Moreover, the Agency publishes a bi-monthly magazine called Negari which features topical local and international issues and agenda of paramount importance. The agency broadcasts its news and programs in six local and foreign languages: Amharic, Afan Oromo, Tigrigna, English, Arabic and French. ENA was restructured and made accountable to the House of Peoples’ Representativ ...
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Addis Zemen (newspaper)
''Addis Zemen'' (አዲስ ዘመን; "New Era" in English) is an Ethiopian Amharic newspaper published by the federal government's Ethiopian Press Agency, which also publishes the English-language '' Ethiopian Herald''. History and profile The paper was founded by Emperor Haile Selassie following the liberation of the country, and its name refers to the liberation of Ethiopia from Italian colonial rule. The paper was launched as a four-page weekly on 7 June 1941. Its first editor-in-chief was Amde Mikael Desalegn. On 5 May 1946 it became a broadsheet publication and in December 1958 it became a daily newspaper, along with the ''Ethiopian Herald''. It is based in Addis Ababa and is currently published by the Ethiopian Press Agency Ethiopians are the native inhabitants of Ethiopia, as well as the global diaspora of Ethiopia. Ethiopians constitute several component ethnic groups, many of which are closely related to ethnic groups in neighboring Eritrea and other parts of . ...
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Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Party
The Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Party (EPRP) (), informally known as Ihapa (), is the first modern political party in Ethiopia. Established in April 1972, it aimed to turn Ethiopia into a democratic republic. Both the EPRP and another party, the All-Ethiopia Socialist Movement (MEISON) were enthusiastic supporters of the student-led 1974 Ethiopian Revolution that eventually led to the toppling of Emperor Haile Selassie and abolishing the monarchy the following year. However, following the rise of Mengistu Haile Mariam to power as leader of the ruling Derg, the military junta that had taken control of Ethiopia, ideological conflict developed between the various groups. History The EPRP was founded under the name Ethiopian People's Liberation Organization (EPLO) in April 1972 in West Berlin, West Germany, by exiled Ethiopian students and with the assistance of the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine.Gebru Tareke, ''The Ethiopian Revolution: War in the Hor ...
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People's Democratic Republic Of Ethiopia
The People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (PDRE; ) was a socialist state that existed in Ethiopia and present-day Eritrea from 1987 to 1991. The PDRE was established in February 1987 as a Marxism-Leninism, Marxist-Leninist one-party state upon the adoption of the 1987 Constitution of Ethiopia, 1987 Constitution, three weeks after its approval in Ethiopian constitutional referendum, 1987, the national referendum. The Derg, the military junta that had ruled Ethiopia as a provisional government since 1974, planned for transition to civilian rule and proclaimed a Socialist state, socialist republic in 1984 after five years of preparation. The Workers' Party of Ethiopia (WPE) was founded that same year as a vanguard party led by Derg chairman Mengistu Haile Mariam. The Derg was dissolved with the proclamation of the PDRE, but continued to rule ''de facto'' until September when the new government took office, three months after the Ethiopian general election, 1987, June general elect ...
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Maoist
Maoism, officially Mao Zedong Thought, is a variety of Marxism–Leninism that Mao Zedong developed while trying to realize a socialist revolution in the agricultural, pre-industrial society of the Republic of China (1912–1949), Republic of China and later the People's Republic of China. A difference between Maoism and traditional Marxism–Leninism is that a united front of progressive forces in class society would lead the vanguardism, revolutionary vanguard in pre-industrial societies rather than communist revolutionaries alone. This theory, in which revolutionary Praxis (process), praxis is primary and ideological orthodoxy is secondary, represents urban Marxism–Leninism adapted to pre-industrial China. Later theoreticians expanded on the idea that Mao had adapted Marxism–Leninism to Chinese conditions, arguing that he had in fact updated it fundamentally and that Maoism could be applied universally throughout the world. This ideology is often referred to as Marxism� ...
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Mengistu Haile Mariam
Mengistu Haile Mariam (, pronunciation: ; born 21 May 1937) is an Ethiopian former politician, revolutionary, and military officer who served as the head of state of Ethiopia from 1977 to 1991. He was General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Ethiopia from 1984 to 1991, chairman of the Derg—the Marxist–Leninist military junta that ruled Ethiopia—from 1977 to 1987, and president of the People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (PDRE) from 1987 to 1991. The Derg seized power in the Ethiopian Revolution following the overthrow of Emperor Haile Selassie in 1974, marking the end of the Solomonic dynasty which had ruled Ethiopia since the 13th century. Mengistu purged his rivals within the Derg and made himself dictator of Ethiopia, attempting to modernize the feudal economy of Ethiopia through Marxist–Leninist-inspired policies such as nationalization and land redistribution. His bloody consolidation of power in 1977–1978 is known as the Ethiopian Red Terror—a br ...
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