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Haghani School
Haghani Circle (also Haqqani School) is a Shi'i school of thought in Iran based in the holy city of Qom and formerly headed by Ayatollah Mohammad Taghi Mesbah Yazdi, an influential theologian. The Haghani Circle has its origin in the Haghani seminary, founded in 1964, which previously had been called Muntashiriya. After Ayatollahs Qoddusi and Beheshti, two of the leading members of the circle, were assassinated in 1981, the hawza changed its name to Shahidan Seminary (Martyrs Seminary). History The Haghani Seminary was founded by Ayatollah Qoddusi, Ayatollah Mesbah Yazdi, Ayatollah Ahmad Jannati, Ayatollah Beheshti, Ayatollah Sadoughi, and Ayatollah Taleghani. It was originally conceived in a reform effort to strengthen the weight of philosophy in the hawza curriculum. To this effect, Allameh Tabatabai, the father-in-law of Ayatollah Qoddusi, was commissioned to write two introductory works, which he completed in 1970 (Bidayat al-Hikmah) and 1975 (Nikhayat al-Hikmah). Foll ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shi'i
Shia Islam is the second-largest branch of Islam. It holds that Muhammad designated Ali ibn Abi Talib () as both his political successor (caliph) and as the spiritual leader of the Muslim community (imam). However, his right is understood to have been usurped by a number of Muhammad's companions at the meeting of Saqifa where they appointed Abu Bakr () as caliph instead. As such, Sunni Muslims believe Abu Bakr, Umar (), Uthman () and Ali to be ' rightly-guided caliphs' whereas Shia Muslims only regard Ali as the legitimate successor. Shia Muslims assert imamate continued through Ali's sons Hasan and Husayn, after whom different Shia branches have their own imams. They revere the , the family of Muhammad, maintaining that they possess divine knowledge. Shia holy sites include the shrine of Ali in Najaf, the shrine of Husayn in Karbala and other mausoleums of the . Later events such as Husayn's martyrdom in the Battle of Karbala (680 CE) further influenced the devel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mahdi
The Mahdi () is a figure in Islamic eschatology who is believed to appear at the Eschatology, End of Times to rid the world of evil and injustice. He is said to be a descendant of Muhammad in Islam, Muhammad, and will appear shortly before Jesus in Islam, Jesus. The Mahdi is mentioned in several List of hadith Books, canonical compilations of hadith, but is absent from the Quran and the two most-revered Kutub al-Sittah, Sunni hadith collections, ''Sahih al-Bukhari'' and ''Sahih Muslim''. As such, some Sunni theologians have questioned the orthodoxy of the Mahdi. The doctrine of the Mahdi seems to have gained traction during the confusion and unrest of the religious and political upheavals of the first and second centuries of Islam. Some of the first references to the Mahdi appear in the late 7th century, when the revolutionary Mukhtar al-Thaqafi declared Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya, a son of Caliphate, Caliph Ali (), to be the Mahdi. Although the concept of a Mahdi is not an essen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yousef Saanei
Yousef Saanei (; 16 October 1937 – 12 September 2020) was an Iranian Twelver Shi'a Marja' and politician, a member of the Islamic Republic of Iran's powerful Guardian Council from 1980 to 1983 and also Attorney-General of Iran from 1983 to 1985. Whether he was a Marja' (Grand Ayatollah) was disputed. His calls for radical political reform in Iran were very controversial and in 2010 the government-sponsored " Qom Theological Lecturers Association" (''Jame-e-Modarressin'') declared him no longer qualified for emulation as a Grand Ayatollah. However, many of his followers continued to consider him their Marja, and this was acknowledged by several influential Maraji such as Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani, Naser Makarem Shirazi, Abdul-Karim Mousavi Ardebili, and Hossein Noori Hamedani. Family, early life, and education Saanei was born in the Persian month of Aban 1318 SH and in the month of Shaban 1458 AH in the semi-desert farming village of Yingabad (now Nikabad), 60& ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Special Court For The Clergy
Special Clerical Court, or Special Court for Clerics ( , ''dādgāh-e vizheh-ye ruhāniyat'') is a special Iranian judicial system for prosecuting crimes, both ordinary and political, committed by Islamic clerics and scholars. The Special Clerical Court can defrock and disbar Islamic jurists, give sentences of imprisonment, corporal punishment, execution, etc. The court functions independently of the regular Iranian judicial framework, with its own security and prison systems, "generally secret and confidential" cases, proceedings and procedures, and is accountable only to the Supreme Leader of Iran, (Ali Khamenei as of 2024). The most senior Islamic politician to be prosecuted and sentenced to prison since the Iranian Revolution was Abdollah Nouri (Persian: عبدالله نوری) who was sentenced to five years in prison for political and religious dissent by the court in 1999. The Court was established in the early 1980s on an ''ad hoc'' basis, subsequently phased out, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mohammad Reyshahri
Mohammad Reyshahri (), also known as Mohammad Mohammadi-Nik (29 October 1946 – 21 March 2022), was an Iranian politician, cleric, judge and religious scholar, who notably served as Chief Judge of the Revolutionary Military Tribunal (1979–1984), as the first Minister of Intelligence and Security (1984–1989) in the cabinet of Prime Minister Mir-Hossein Mousavi and as Prosecutor-General of Iran from 1989 to 1991. Early life and education Reyshahri was born into a religious Persian family in Rey on 29 October 1946. He was educated in Qom and Najaf in the field of theology. He and his successor at the ministry of intelligence, Ali Fallahian, were alumni of the Haqqani School in Qom. Career Reyshahri began to involve himself in political activities in June 1963 during the religious revolts after Khomeini's famous speech in Qom. In 1967, he fled to Najaf and stayed there for a while. Upon his return to Iran, he was imprisoned. While incarcerated, he met Ali Khamenei, who la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mostafa Pourmohammadi
Mostafa Pour-Mohammadi (; born 9 March 1960) is an Iranian politician and prosecutor, who has served at different positions and cabinet posts. He was Minister of Interior from 2005 to 2008 and Minister of Justice from 2013 until 2017. Pourmohammadi is reportedly implicated in the 1988 executions of Iranian political prisoners , 1988 execution of MEK prisoners. Early life and education Pourmohammadi was born in Qom, Qom, Iran in 1960. However, the IRNA reports his birth year as 1959. His father was from Rafsanjan and his mother was from Yazd. He was educated in Islamic jurisprudence, principles of jurisprudence, and philosophy in Haqqani School, the Haqqani seminary in Qom. He completed his education in extra-jurisprudence and principles in Mashhad, Qom, and Tehran. He holds a level four jurisprudence and Islamic law degree, which is equivalent to a PhD. Career Pourmohammadi was a prosecutor in the Revolutionary Court in Bandar Abbas, Kermanshah and Mashhad from 1979 to 1986. Nex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ahmad Khatami
Ayatollah Ahmad Khatami (, born 8 May 1960) is a senior and prominent Iranian Muslim cleric, member of Guardian Council and a senior member of the Assembly of Experts. In December 2005, Ali Khamenei appointed him as Tehran’s substitute Friday prayer leader. He is also a conservative and principlist politician. Biography He was born in Semnan, Imperial State of Iran. He studied at seminaries in Qom and Semnan. He is not related to Mohammad Khatami and his family members. Controversy In 2006, during the Pope Benedict XVI Islam controversy, Khatami asked the Pope to "fall on his knees in front of a senior Muslim cleric and try to understand Islam." In 2007, he addressed the death sentence issued by Imam Khomeini against Salman Rushdie, saying "In the Islamic Iran that revolutionary ''fatwa'' of Imam homeiniis still alive and cannot be changed." In regard to the 2009 Iranian election protests, Khatami denounced demonstrators as rioters who wage war against God ("'' m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gholamhossein Karbaschi
Gholamhossein Karbaschi (, ; born 23 August 1954) is an Iranian politician and former Shia cleric who was the Mayor of Tehran from 1990 until 1998. He is considered politically reformist and is a close ally of former president Mohammad Khatami. He was arrested, tried, convicted and imprisoned on corruption charges in what the ''New York Times'' claimed "was widely seen among moderates as a politically motivated attack" by the government's conservatives and hard-liners to thwart President Mohammad Khatami's reformist agenda.Iran's Ex-President Backs a Jailed Aide ''The New York Times'', 9 May 1999. He was the General Secretary of |
Guardian Council
The Guardian Council (also called Council of Guardians or Constitutional Council, ) is an appointed and constitutionally mandated 12-member council that wields considerable power and influence in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The constitution of the Islamic Republic gives the council three mandates: :a) veto power over legislation passed by the parliament (Majlis); :b) supervision of elections;Article 99 of the constitution and :c) approving or disqualifying candidates seeking to run in local, parliamentary, presidential, or Assembly of Experts elections.The Guardian Council Expands Power: Election Monitoring Boards Arseh Sevom, '' Arseh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iranian Parliament
The Islamic Consultative Assembly (), also called the Iranian Parliament, the Iranian Majles (Arabicised spelling Majlis) or ICA, is the unicameral national legislative body of Iran. The parliament currently consists of 290 representatives, an increase from the previous 270 seats since the 18 February 2000 election. History Islamic Republic of Iran Following the Iranian Revolution of 1979, the Senate of Iran was abolished and effectively succeeded by the Guardian Council, maintaining the bicameral structure of the Iranian legislature. In the 1989 constitutional revision, the ''National Consultative Assembly'' was renamed the ''Islamic Consultative Assembly''. Since the Iranian Revolution, the Parliament of Iran has been led by six chairmen. Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani served as the inaugural chairman from 1980 to 1989. Subsequently, Mehdi Karroubi held the position in two separate terms (1989–1992 and 2000–2004), followed by Ali Akbar Nategh-Nouri (1992–2000), Gholam-Ali ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rouhollah Hosseinian
Hojatoleslam Ruhollah Hosseinian (, March 5, 1956 – August 25, 2020) was an Iranian Iranian Principlists, principalist politician. He was born in Shiraz, and worked in the Iranian Ministry of Intelligence and National Security (or VEVAK) as deputy to Ali Fallahian. In April 2007 was appointed by President of Iran, President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad as the security advisor to the president. He was a member of the Board of Trustees of Islamic Revolution Document Center, and from 2007 to 2009, he was a member of the Council for Spreading Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's Thoughts. He was also a member of parliament from 2008 to 2016. Chain Murders In 1998 a Chain murders of Iran, series of murders of dissident Iranian intellectuals came to light, called "the Chain Murders", widely thought to be an attempt to intimidate Iranian reform movement, Iranian reformists. On January 4, 1999, the Intelligence Ministry issued a statement admitting that its own agents had committed the murders and statin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ali Fallahian
Ali Fallahian ( , born 1949)FALLAHIAN, ALI (1949– ), in ''The A to Z of Middle Eastern Intelligence'', Ephraim Kahana and Muhammad Suwaed, pp. 85-86, 2009 is an Iranian cleric, judge and politician. He was Iran's second Minister of Intelligence and Security, holding office from 1989 to 1997, during the presidency of Ali Akbar Rafsanjani. Early life Fallahian was born in Najafabad, Iran, in 1949. He is a graduate of Haqqani school of theology in Qom. A loyal follower of Ayatollah Khomeini, he was under surveillance by the SAVAK and then imprisoned by the Shah for spreading antigovernment propaganda. Career After the victory of the Iranian Revolution in 1979, Fallahian was appointed a judge in Islamic Revolutionary Courts, and condemned to death by hanging many former officials of the Shah's regime. From 1982 to 1984 he was a member of the Leadership of the Komitehs, while from 1984 to 1986 he served as Deputy Minister of Intelligence and Security under Minister Muha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
